Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Siv Polystyrene thiab Nws Daim Ntawv Thov Hauv Kev Ntim Khoom Noj
Cov yas polystyrene, uas paub zoo dua li polystyrene hauv lus Askiv, yog ib hom yas uas siv tau ntau yam hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, suav nrog kev ntim khoom noj. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tham txog cov txheej txheem tsim cov polystyrene thiab nws cov ntawv thov hauv kev ntim khoom noj kom tob.
Keeb Kwm Luv Luv thiab Cov Qauv Tshuaj ntawm Polystyrene
Polystyrene tau tsim los ntawm Edward Simon thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1839. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo 1930 uas polystyrene tau tsim los ua cov khoom lag luam los ntawm lub tuam txhab German IG Farben. Polystyrene yog ib qho polymer aromatic uas tsim los ntawm monomer styrene, uas yog ib qho vinylbenzene compound. Nws cov qauv tshuaj muaj cov chav styrene monomer rov ua dua:
\[ [-CH_2-CH(C_6H_5)-]_n \]
Qhov twg \(C_6H_5\) yog lub nplhaib phenyl uas muab polystyrene nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb xws li kev tawv thiab kev ruaj khov.
Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Polystyrene
1. Kev Tsim Khoom Styrene Monomer:
Cov txheej txheem tsim cov polystyrene pib nrog kev tsim cov styrene monomer. Styrene yog tsim los ntawm kev dehydrogenation ntawm ethylbenzene, uas muaj ntau kauj ruam:
- Alkylation ntawm benzene: Benzene reacts nrog ethylene los tsim ethylbenzene nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug acid catalyst.
- Dehydrogenation ntawm ethylbenzene: Tom ntej no, ethylbenzene raug cua sov ntawm qhov kub siab (kwv yees li 600-650 ° C) nrog cov hlau oxide catalyst los tsim styrene thiab hydrogen.
2. Kev ua polymerization ntawm Styrene:
Cov styrene uas tau los ntawm kev ua no ces raug polymerized los ua polystyrene. Muaj ntau txoj kev polymerization siv tau, suav nrog mass, suspension, thiab emulsion polymerization. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau yog suspension polymerization, uas muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
- Kev pib: Polymerization pib nrog tus pib dawb radical uas ua rau styrene tsim cov free radicals.
– Kev nthuav dav: Cov free radicals los ntawm monomers yuav nyiam lwm cov monomers, tsim cov saw polymer ntev.
– Kev xaus: Cov txheej txheem no txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum cov polymer ncav cuag qhov ntev molecular xav tau thiab qhov kev ua tshuaj xaus.
3. Kev rho tawm thiab kev tsim:
Tom qab cov txheej txheem polymerization, cov polystyrene uas tau los ua yog cov pellets lossis granules. Cov polystyrene granules ces qhuav thiab yaj siv lub tshuab extrusion. Cov txheej txheem extrusion no tso cai rau cov khoom siv los ua ntau yam duab raws li qhov xav tau, xws li cov ntawv rau cov khoom noj ntim.
Cov Ntawv Thov Polystyrene Hauv Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Haus
Polystyrene muaj ntau hom sib txawv raws li nws cov qauv thiab cov khoom, suav nrog:
– Polystyrene Siv Tau Dav Dav (GPPS): Muaj cov khoom pob tshab thiab tawg yooj yim, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv pov tseg xws li cov diav yas, rab diav rawg, thiab cov tais.
– Polystyrene Uas Muaj Kev Cuam Tshuam Siab (HIPS): Ua los ntawm roj hmab butadiene, nws muaj kev tiv taus siab dua thiab siv rau cov khoom ntim khoom uas xav tau kev ruaj khov ntxiv.
– Ua Npuas Ncauj Polystyrene Uas Nthuav Dav (EPS): Cov khoom no muaj cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev zoo thiab tsis hnyav, siv rau cov thawv ntim khoom noj xws li styrofoam.
Polystyrene Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Ntim
Polystyrene siv dav hauv kev lag luam ntim khoom noj vim ntau yam tseem ceeb, suav nrog nws qhov hnyav sib dua, tus nqi qis dua, thiab yooj ywm. Nov yog qee qhov kev siv tshwj xeeb ntawm polystyrene hauv kev ntim khoom noj:
1. Cov Thawv Khoom Noj Sai:
Ib qho ntawm cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog ua los ntawm cov thawv Styrofoam rau cov khoom noj ceev ceev. Cov thawv no muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo rwb thaiv tsev, ua rau cov khoom noj kub lossis txias ntev dua.
2. Cov Khob Yas thiab Cov Phaj Yas:
Cov khob, cov phaj, thiab cov riam (diav, rab diav rawg) feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov polystyrene ib txwm lossis HIPS vim nws pob tshab thiab tiv taus kev cuam tshuam.
3. Nqaij thiab ntses ntim:
Cov nqaij thiab ntses raug ntim siv cov tais polystyrene uas muaj zaj yas npog. Cov tais no pab khaws cov dej noo thiab ua kom cov khoom zoo nkauj dua.
4. Ntim Qe:
Cov khoom ntim qe ua los ntawm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj yog siv vim nws cov khoom nqus tau kev co, muab kev tiv thaiv ntau dua rau cov qe kom tsis txhob tawg thaum lub sijhawm faib khoom.
5. Lub tais zaub mov thiab dej haus:
Cov tais polystyrene feem ntau siv los muab zaub mov thiab dej haus rau hauv cov chaw xws li canteens, khw noj mov, thiab hauv cov thawv noj mov dav hlau.
Kev Txhawj Xeeb Txog Ib Puag Ncig thiab Kev Siv Rov Qab Dua
Txawm hais tias nws muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig los xij, kev siv polystyrene hauv kev ntim khoom noj kuj ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig. Polystyrene yog cov khoom siv uas tsis lwj tau, ua rau muaj teeb meem pov tseg yas uas ua rau ib puag ncig muaj teeb meem.
1. Kev Txo thiab Kev Hloov:
Ntau lub tseem fwv thiab cov koom haum ib puag ncig tab tom thawb kom txo qis kev siv cov khoom siv polystyrene ib zaug xwb thiab hloov lawv nrog cov khoom siv uas zoo rau ib puag ncig xws li bioplastics lossis cardboard.
2. Kev Siv Dua Tshiab:
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev siv cov polystyrene rov ua dua tshiab yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev txo nws qhov cuam tshuam. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab suav nrog kev sau, kev cais, kev ntxuav, thiab kev rov ua cov polystyrene ua cov khoom tshiab.
3. Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab Txog Kev Siv Tshuab:
Muaj ntau yam kev tsim kho tshiab uas tseem tab tom tsim los ua kom cov polystyrene zoo rau ib puag ncig, suav nrog cov thev naus laus zis uas tso cai rau cov polystyrene kom lwj sai dua lossis siv cov khoom siv raw los ntawm cov chaw rov ua dua tshiab.
Xaus
Polystyrene yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ntim khoom noj vim nws muaj ntau yam siv tau, tsis hnyav, thiab tsis kim. Nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom muaj ntau kauj ruam, txij li kev tsim cov styrene monomers mus rau polymerization thiab kev tsim cov khoom kawg. Txawm hais tias nws muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tswj hwm polystyrene kom zoo kom txo nws qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab txhawb nqa kev siv zog rov ua dua tshiab.
Kev siv tswv yim zoo, ua raws li kev siv zog tshiab los txo nws cov teeb meem ecological, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ruaj khov ntawm kev siv polystyrene yav tom ntej.
