Cov Yas Yog Dab Tsi, Bioplastics, thiab Lawv Ua Li Cas?
Yas tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub neej niaj hnub no. Txij li cov khoom ntim khoom noj mus rau cov khoom siv hauv tsheb, yas siv rau ntau yam kev siv vim nws qhov ua tau ntau yam, lub teeb yuag, tiv taus xeb, thiab tus nqi qis los tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov yas ib txwm muaj yog nws qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig. Cov yas ib txwm muaj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov roj fossil xws li roj av, uas tsis tuaj yeem lwj los ntawm cov kab mob me me thiab siv sijhawm ntau pua txog ntau txhiab xyoo los lwj ntuj. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb no tau tsav kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho hauv thaj chaw ntawm bioplastics ua lwm txoj hauv kev zoo dua rau ib puag ncig.
Yas yog dab tsi?
Yas yog ib hom polymer, ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov molecule loj uas ua los ntawm ntau lub me me hu ua monomers. Cov monomers no tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim ntau hom yas nrog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj. Muaj ob hom yas tseem ceeb: thermoplastics thiab thermosets. Thermoplastics tuaj yeem yaj thiab rov ua dua ntau zaus, xws li polyethylene (PE) thiab polypropylene (PP). Thermosets, xws li Bakelite, tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua ib zaug xwb; thaum lawv tawv, lawv tsis tuaj yeem yaj dua.
Bioplastic yog dab tsi?
Cov yas ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog cov yas uas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub cev xws li hmoov pob kws, qab zib, lossis roj zaub. Muaj ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag:
1. Cov yas uas lwj tau hauv lub cev: Hom yas no tuaj yeem lwj tau los ntawm cov kab mob me me xws li cov kab mob bacteria, cov pwm, lossis cov enzymes. Piv txwv li polylactide (PLA), uas yog ua los ntawm hmoov pob kws.
2. Cov Yas Uas Siv Tau Los Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Bio-Based: Cov yas no yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas rov ua dua tshiab tab sis tsis yog ib txwm lwj tau. Ib qho piv txwv yog cov polyethylene uas siv tau los ntawm cov khoom siv bio-based, uas tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ethanol uas tsim los ntawm cov qab zib.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Bioplastics
1. Ib puag ncig zoo: Cov yas bioplastics txo qhov kev vam khom rau cov roj fossil thiab txo cov pa roj av uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.
2. Yaj tau hauv lub cev: Ntau hom yas bioplastics tuaj yeem yaj tau raws li ntuj tsim, txo qhov teeb meem ntawm cov yas pov tseg.
3. Cov Khoom Siv Rov Ua Dua Tshiab: Cov khoom siv raw rau cov yas bioplastics tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tuaj yeem cog dua, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov dua.
4. Kev Sib Piv Nrog Cov Txheej Txheem Yas Ib Txwm Muaj: Ntau yam bioplastics tuaj yeem ua tiav siv tib lub thev naus laus zis thiab tshuab ib yam li cov yas ib txwm muaj.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Ua Tau Bioplastic
Cov khoom xyaw
Yuav ua tau bioplastic, koj xav tau ob peb yam khoom siv yooj yim uas feem ntau yooj yim nrhiav tau hauv khw:
1. Hmoov Pob Kws: Ib qho chaw ntawm cov polysaccharides uas lwj tau.
2. Dej: Siv ua cov kuab tshuaj.
3. Glycerin (Glycerol): Ua haujlwm ua ib qho plasticizer los muab kev ywj pheej.
4. Kua txiv qaub (Acetic Acid): Ua haujlwm los yaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Ib lub cuab yeej
1. Lub lauj kaub los yog lub thawv rau ua noj
2. Qhov cub lossis qhov chaw cua sov
3. Diav diav
4. Pwm los yog qhov chaw tiaj tiaj rau kev ziab
Cov Kauj Ruam Rau Kev Ua Bioplastics
1. Ua cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab: Muab 1 diav hmoov txhuv nplej siab sib tov nrog 1 diav dej. Do kom zoo kom txog thaum tsis muaj pob.
2. Ntxiv Lwm Cov Cheebtsam: Ntxiv 1 diav glycerin thiab 1 diav vinegar rau hauv cov hmoov pob kws thiab dej sib tov. Do kom zoo.
3. Ua kom sov: Ua kom cov khoom sib tov no siav rau ntawm lub qhov cub kom sov me ntsis. Do tas li kom tsis txhob muaj pob thiab xyuas kom meej tias txhua yam khoom xyaw sib xyaw zoo.
4. Tos kom nws tuab: Tom qab ob peb feeb, cov khoom sib tov yuav pib tuab thiab hloov mus ua cov khoom zoo li gel. Do tas li kom txog thaum nws mus txog qhov sib xws xav tau.
5. Kev Tsim: Muab cov khoom sib tov kub nchuav rau hauv pwm los yog nthuav nws rau ntawm ib qho chaw tiaj tiaj. Koj tuaj yeem siv lub spatula los nthuav cov khoom sib tov kom sib npaug.
6. Kev Qhuav: Cia cov yas bioplastic qhuav li ob peb teev lossis ib hmos. Thaum qhuav lawm, cov yas bioplastic yuav tawv thiab npaj siv tau.
Cov Ntawv Thov Bioplastic
Bioplastics muaj ntau yam kev siv xws li:
1. Kev Ntim Khoom: Siv dav rau kev ntim khoom noj thiab dej haus vim nws cov biodegradability.
2. Cov Khoom Siv Ib Zaug Xwb: Xws li cov hnab nqa khoom, cov ntaub npog zaub mov, thiab cov riam.
3. Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob: Siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv kho mob pov tseg vim nws cov khoom siv biocompatible.
4. Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb: Hauv kev tsim cov av npog thiab cov lauj kaub cog ntoo uas tuaj yeem lwj tau raws li ntuj tsim.
Cov Teeb Meem thiab Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Bioplastics
Txawm hais tias bioplastics muaj ntau yam zoo, muaj ntau yam teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau kov yeej:
1. Cov Nqi Tsim Khoom: Cov khoom siv bioplastics tam sim no feem ntau kim dua li cov yas ib txwm muaj vim tias cov khoom siv raw thiab cov nqi tsim khoom siab dua.
2. Cov Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab: Qee cov yas bioplastics yuav tsis muaj lub zog thiab ruaj khov zoo li cov yas fossil, ua rau lawv siv tsis tau rau qee qhov kev siv.
3. Kev lwj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub cev: Tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv hauv lub cev yuav lwj sai sib npaug, nyob ntawm seb ib puag ncig zoo li cas xws li qhov kub thiab txias, av noo, thiab muaj cov kab mob me me nyob hauv.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis thiab kev paub txog ib puag ncig ntau ntxiv, nws tau cia siab tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yas bioplastic yuav nce ntxiv thiab cov nqi yuav txo qis. Kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua kom tsim cov yas bioplastics nrog cov khoom zoo dua thiab tsim nyog dua rau ntau yam kev siv.
Xaus
Cov yas bioplastics muab kev daws teeb meem tshiab thiab ruaj khov rau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov yas pov tseg. Siv cov khoom siv raw uas rov ua dua tshiab thiab ua tau biodegradable, bioplastics ua lub hauv paus rau yav tom ntej uas zoo rau ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias muaj cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum kov yeej, lub peev xwm ntawm bioplastics yog loj heev thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ncig thiab kev tswj hwm cov peev txheej ruaj khov dua. Kev tsim kho thiab kev siv cov bioplastics tsis yog tsuas yog muab cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig xwb tab sis kuj qhib cov cib fim tshiab rau kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev lag luam thiab kev kawm rau pej xeem txog kev ruaj khov.
