ke kālaikūlohea

ʻAtikala Kukui Nalu Kukui o ke kukui

Ka wehewehe ʻana o ke alo nalu

Inā ʻoe e hoʻolei i kahi pōhaku i loko o kahi wai, neʻe aku nā nalu wai poepoe mai ke kikowaena o ka pōʻai. I loko o nā nalu wai, aia nā ʻūlili a me nā ʻauwai. ʻO nā piko nalu a i ʻole nā ​​awāwa nalu e neʻe aku ana mai ke kikowaena o ka pōʻai hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he alo nalu.

ʻElua mau alo nalu e pili ana he ʻelua mau ʻāpana o ka nalu i loaʻa ka pae like a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e hoʻokahi nalu. ʻO nā piko nalu a i ʻole nā ​​awāwa nalu i loaʻa ka pae like a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau nalu i kapa ʻia he alo nalu. Ma waho aʻe o nā nalu wai, loaʻa pū kekahi alo nalu i nā nalu kani a i ʻole nā ​​​​nalu māmā. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā nalu wai e neʻe wale ana ma kahi mokulele a i ʻole kahi, neʻe nā nalu kani a me nā nalu māmā i ka lewa.

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike Poiseuilles

Ua ʻike ʻia ke kaulike o Poiseuille e Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1799-1869). E like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia wai he wai kūpono. ʻAʻohe mānoanoa o ka wai kūpono. Inā manaʻo mākou e kahe ana kahi wai kūpono i loko o kahi paipu, neʻe kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka wai i ka wikiwiki like (v). ʻAʻole like me ka wai kūpono, ʻo ka wai maoli a mākou e ʻike ai i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā he mānoanoa. No ka mea he mānoanoa kona, a laila i ka wā e kahe ana i loko o kahi paipu, no ka laʻana, ʻokoʻa ka wikiwiki o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka papa wai ma waena (hohonu v), ma ke ʻano ʻē, ʻaʻole neʻe ka papa wai i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paipu (v = 0). No laila, mai waena a i ka lihi o ka paipu, neʻe kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka wai i nā wikiwiki like ʻole. I mea e maʻalahi ai kou hoʻomaopopo ʻana, e nānā i ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.

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ʻOkoʻa nā pae mānoanoa o nā wai, nā mea wai a me nā mea kinoea o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka mānoanoa ka friction ma waena o nā molekala e hana ana i kahi wai. No laila, hana nā molekala i ka friction wai ke kahe ka wai. I loko o nā wai, hoʻokumu ʻia ka mānoanoa e nā ikaika cohesion (nā ikaika huki ma waena o nā molekala like). ʻOiai i loko o nā mea kinoea, hoʻokumu ʻia ka mānoanoa e nā kuʻi ʻana ma waena o nā molekala.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai wai, no ka laʻana, ka wai. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai mānoanoa, no ka laʻana, ka lubricant. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia ma ka ninini ʻana i ka wai a me ka lubricant ma luna o kahi ʻili hilig. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai ma mua o ka ʻaila. Pili pū ka pae o ka viscosity o ka wai i ka mahana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka viscosity o ka wai. No ka laʻana, i ka wā e palai ai ka makuahine i ka iʻa ma ka lumi kuke, ʻoi aku ka wai o ka ʻaila kuke i mānoanoa mua ke hoʻomehana ʻia. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o kahi mea kinoea, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka mea kinoea.

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Ka Mana o ke Kuʻikahi a me ka Hoʻopili ʻana

ʻO ka ikaika hoʻopili ka ikaika huki ma waena o nā molekala i loko o kahi mea like, ʻoiai ʻo ka ikaika huki ma waena o nā molekala o kahi mea like ʻole ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka Adhesion Force. No ka laʻana, ninini mākou i ka wai i loko o ke aniani. Hana ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana ke huki nā molekala wai kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiai ke huki ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana ke huki nā molekala wai a me nā molekala aniani kekahi i kekahi.

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Ua pāʻani anei ʻoe i nā pehu kopa? ʻO ka pehu kopa poepoe. ʻAkaʻaka. Hiki ke puhi ʻia. Ma hope o ka lele ʻana, pahū nā pehu kopa. Auē, he leʻaleʻa ia, he pāʻani kamaliʻi. No ke aha he poepoe ka pehu kopa?

E ala aʻe i ke kakahiaka, a laila e nānā i nā lau a puni ka hale. E nānā i nā kulu hau e pili ana i nā lau. He mea kupanaha; poepoe nā kulu hau. Pehea lā e like ai?

Loaʻa ka ʻumeʻume o ka ʻili no ka mea e ʻūmiʻi ana ka ʻili o ka wai i mea e like ai ka ʻili me kahi membrane lahilahi. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia e ka ikaika pili ma waena o nā molekala wai. No ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i kēia wehewehe, e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohālike ma lalo nei. Ke nānā nei mākou i ka wai i loko o kahi pahu.

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo o Archimedes

ʻAʻole e piholo ka moku me ka nui o ke kaumaha, ʻoiai hiki i ka pōhaku liʻiliʻi ke piholo. No ke aha mai? He pololei ka pane inā maopopo iā ʻoe ke kumumanaʻo o ka lana a me ke kumumanaʻo o Archimedes.

I ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, e ʻike kākou he ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaumaha o nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi wai, e like me ka pōhaku, ma mua o ka wā ʻaʻole i loko o ka wai nā mea. He paʻakikī paha iā ʻoe ke hāpai i kahi pōhaku mai ka lepo mai, akā ua hāpai ʻia ka pōhaku like mai lalo o ke kai me ka maʻalahi. Ma muli kēia o ka ikaika lana. Loaʻa ka lana ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o ke kaomi wai ma nā hohonu like ʻole. Piʻi ka kaomi wai me ka hohonu, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaomi o ka wai. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea i loko o ka wai, e ʻokoʻa ke kaomi ma waena o ka wai ma luna o ka mea a me ka wai ma lalo o ka mea. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi o ka wai ma lalo o ka mea ma mua o ka wai ma luna o ka mea.

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo o Pascal

Pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai ke kumumanaʻo hana o kahi hāpai hydraulic e hāpai i kahi kaʻa? He aha ke kumumanaʻo hana o nā paleki hydraulic i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai e hōʻemi i ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻa? E ʻoluʻolu e aʻo i ke Kumumanaʻo o Pascal e hoʻomaopopo i kēia.

Ke kaomi mau nei kēlā me kēia wai i nā mea a pau e pili ana me ia. ʻO ka wai a mākou e hoʻokomo ai i loko o ke aniani e kaomi i ka paia aniani. Pēlā nō, inā mākou e ʻauʻau i loko o ka loko ʻauʻau a i ʻole ka wai kai, hoʻokau pū ka wai o ka loko ʻauʻau a i ʻole ka wai kai i ke kaomi ma luna o ko mākou kino holoʻokoʻa.

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i ke kaomi i loko o nā wai

I loko o ke ʻano physics, ua wehewehe ʻia ke kaomi ma ke ʻano he ikaika no kēlā me kēia wahi, kahi e kū pono ai ke kuhikuhi o ka ikaika i ka ʻili. Ma ke ʻano makemakika, ua hōʻike ʻia ke kaomi e ka hoohalike P = F / A, kahi ʻo P = kaomi, F = ikaika a me A = ʻili. ʻO ke anakahi ikaika (F) ʻo Newton (N), ʻo ke anakahi o ka ʻili ka mika huinaha (m2 ⁾ . No ka mea, ʻo ke kaomi ka ikaika no kēlā me kēia wahi, ʻo ke anakahi kaomi ʻo N/m2 ^. ʻO kekahi inoa no N/m2 ^ʻo Pascal (Pa). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Pascal ma ke ʻano he anakahi kaomi e hoʻohanohano iā Blaise Pascal.

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i ka Density a me ke kaumaha kikoʻī

nuʻa

ʻO kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o kahi mea, ʻo ia ka nuipaʻa. ʻO ka nuipaʻa ka lakio o ka nuipaʻa i ka nui. Ua kākau ʻia ma ka makemakika:

ρ = m / V

ʻO ρ (rho) kahi leka Helene i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hōʻike i ka nui o ka wai, ʻo m ka nuipa a ʻo V ka nui. He ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka wai like mai ka nui o ka wai paʻa like. ʻO ka hao, no ka laʻana, he like ka nui o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. I loko o ka lewa o ka Honua, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa mai ka ʻili o ka Honua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona nui, ʻoiai no ka wai kai, ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka wai kai, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona nui. Hiki i ka nui o ka wai like ke hilinaʻi i nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni e like me ka mahana a me ke kaomi.

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i nā noi o ke kumumanaʻo Bernoullis a me ka hoʻohālikelike Bernoullis

Ke kumumanaʻo o Torricelli

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana o ka hoʻohālikelike a Bernoulli, ʻo ia ka helu ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka puka ʻana o kahi wai mai ka lalo o kahi pahu (e nānā i ke kiʻi).

Hoʻopili mākou i ka hoohalike a Bernoulli ma ke kiko 1 (ʻili o ka ipu) a me ke kiko 2 (ʻili o ka lua). No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke anawaena o ka lua ma lalo o ka ipu ma mua o ke anawaena o ka ipu, ua manaʻo ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka wai ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ipu he ʻole (v ₁ = 0). Ua hāmama ka ʻili o ka ipu a me ka ʻili o ka lua i like ai ke kaomi me ke kaomi o ka lewa (P ₁ = P ₂ ). No laila, ʻo ka hoohalike a Bernoulli no kēia hihia:

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