Nā ʻano o nā Anesthetics no ka mālama ʻana i nā niho
Ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā niho he nui he mea weliweli ia e ka poʻe he nui. ʻO kēia makaʻu pinepine ke kumu mai o nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka ʻeha hiki ke loaʻa i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hopena nā holomua i ka hana niho i nā ʻano anesthetics like ʻole e hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi a hoʻopau paha i kēia ʻeha. E wehewehe kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano anesthetics i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i nā niho , pehea lākou e hana ai, a me ko lākou mau pono a me nā hemahema.
1. ʻAnesthetic Topical
ʻO nā anesthetics topical kahi ʻano anesthetic i hoʻopili pololei ʻia i nā ʻili mucosal waha, e like me nā ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka uhi o ka waha. Loaʻa pinepine kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano o nā gels, creams, a i ʻole nā sprays. Hana nā anesthetics topical ma ka hoʻomānoʻino ʻana i ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai, e ʻae ana i nā kaʻina hana e like me nā inikini anesthetic a i ʻole nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe niho e hana me ka ʻeha ʻole.
Pono:
- Maʻalahi e hoʻohana a hana wikiwiki hoʻi.
ʻAʻole pono nā inikini, no laila ʻaʻole ia e hōʻeha i nā wā mua.
- Palekana no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka hapa nui o nā maʻi, me nā keiki a me ka poʻe me ka makaʻu i ka nila.
nele:
– Ua kaupalena ʻia ka hopena anesthetic i ka ʻili a ʻaʻole komo hohonu loa.
– He pōkole ka lōʻihi o ka hopena anesthetic, maʻamau he mau minuke wale nō a hapalua hola.
2. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūloko
ʻO nā anesthetics kūloko (a i ʻole ka anesthesia kūloko) he ʻano anesthetic i hoʻokomo pololei ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana a puni ka niho a i ʻole nā ʻāʻī e pono ai ka mālama ʻana. Hana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ālai ʻana i nā hōʻailona aʻalolo ma ka wahi i hoʻokomo ʻia, e pale ana i ka ʻeha i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā anesthetics kūloko: lidocaine, articaine, mepivacaine, a me prilocaine.
Pono:
- Hiki ke hāʻawi i ka anesthesia hohonu e kūpono no nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī e like me nā hoʻopiha niho, ka unuhi ʻana i ka niho, a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ke aʻa o ke aʻa.
- He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka hopena, ma kahi o hoʻokahi a i kekahi mau hola ma muli o ke ʻano a me ka nui i hoʻohana ʻia.
nele:
– Pono nā inikini, kahi mea e hoʻoweliweli ai i kekahi mau maʻi.
- Nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me nā hopena alerika a i ʻole nā maʻi ma kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai.
3. Nā lāʻau hoʻomaha hoʻomaha
ʻO nā lāʻau hoʻomaha kahi ʻano lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaha ai nā mea maʻi a emi iho ka hopohopo i ka wā o ka mālama niho. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā lāʻau hoʻomaha ma nā ʻano he nui, me ka hanu ʻana (inhalged), ka waha (lawe ʻia ma ka waha), a i ʻole ka lawelawe intravenous (IV).
Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau hoʻomaha: nitrous oxide (kinoea ʻakaʻaka), diazepam, midazolam, a me propofol.
Pono:
- Hoʻemi i ka hopohopo a me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.
- Hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā anesthetics kūloko e hāʻawi i nā hopena anesthetic a me nā hopena sedation maikaʻi aʻe.
– Hiki i ke kinoea nitrous oxide ke hāʻawi i kahi hopena hoʻomaha iki e pau koke ana ma hope o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka hoʻohana, e ʻae ana i ka mea maʻi e hoʻi koke i nā hana maʻamau.
nele:
– Pono kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau hoʻomaha, ʻoiai nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia i ka IV, i ka nānā pono ʻana a me nā mākau kūikawā.
- Nā hopena ʻaoʻao nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka nausea, ka luaʻi ʻana, a i ʻole nā hopena allergies.
– ʻAʻole kūpono no nā maʻi āpau, ʻoi aku hoʻi ka poʻe me kekahi mau kūlana olakino a i ʻole ka poʻe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e launa pū me nā lāʻau hoʻomaha.
4. Lāʻau Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Laulā
ʻO ka anesthesia laulā kahi ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻolilo ai i ka mea maʻi e nalowale loa ka ʻike i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau no nā kaʻina hana niho paʻakikī loa a i ʻole i nā poʻe maʻi me ka makaʻu nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā niho.
Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau anesthetic laulā: propofol, sevoflurane, a me desflurane.
Pono:
– Hoʻopau loa i ka ʻeha a me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole no ka mea aia ka mea maʻi i loko o ke kūlana ʻike ʻole.
- Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī loa a i ʻole ka manawa lōʻihi.
nele:
– Pono nā hale kūikawā a me kahi hui lapaʻau i aʻo ʻia e lawelawe i ka anesthesia laulā a nānā i ka mea maʻi i ka wā a ma hope o ke kaʻina hana.
– Pōpilikia nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o nā ʻano anesthesia ʻē aʻe, e like me nā pilikia hanu a i ʻole nā pilikia cardiovascular.
- Pono nā mea maʻi i ka manawa hoʻōla lōʻihi ma hope o ke kaʻina hana.
5. Anesthesia ʻĀpana
ʻO ka anesthesia kūloko kahi ʻano anesthesia e ālai ana i ka ʻeha ma luna o kahi ʻāpana nui o ke kino ma mua o ka anesthesia kūloko. I nā kaʻina hana niho, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka anesthesia kūloko e hoʻomānoino i ka ʻāwae holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka hapalua o ka maka.
Nā laʻana o nā ʻano hana: ka poloka mandibular, ka mea e hoʻomānoʻonoʻo ai i ka ʻāwae lalo, a me ka poloka infraorbital, ka mea e hoʻomānoʻono ai i ka ʻāwae luna a me nā lehelehe.
Pono:
– He kūpono loa ia no ka hoʻomāmā ʻana i ka ʻeha ma nā wahi nui.
– Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī a i ʻole nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā niho he nui.
nele:
– Pono nā ʻano hana a me nā mākau kūikawā mai ke kauka niho.
– Ka pilikia o nā pilikia e like me ka hōʻeha ʻana o ke aʻalolo a i ʻole ka hematoma.
Nā Mālama a me nā Manaʻo
ʻOiai ʻo ka anesthesia ka mea maʻamau he palekana, aia kekahi mau hana palekana e pono e hoʻomanaʻo:
– Mōʻaukala Lapaʻau: E hōʻoia i ka ʻike ʻana o kāu kauka niho i kāu mōʻaukala lapaʻau piha, me nā maʻi allergies, nā maʻi olakino mau, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei.
– Kamaʻilio: Mai kānalua e kūkākūkā i kou mau makaʻu a me kou hopohopo e pili ana i ka anesthesia me kāu kauka niho. Hiki i kēia ʻike ke kōkua i kāu kauka niho e koho i ke ʻano anesthetic kūpono loa.
– Nānā ʻana: I ka wā o nā kaʻina hana anesthetic, ʻoiai nā mea e pili ana i nā lāʻau hoʻomaha a i ʻole ka anesthesia laulā, he mea nui ka nānā pono ʻana e ka hui lapaʻau e ʻike a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia i ka hikiwawe loa.
Ka hopena
Ua hopena ka holomua ʻana i ka hana niho i nā ʻano anesthesia like ʻole e hiki ke kōkua i nā mea maʻi e hana i ka mālama niho me ka ʻole o ka ʻeha nui a i ʻole ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole. Mai ka anesthesia topical a i ka anesthesia laulā, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano nā pono a me nā hemahema e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia. ʻO kahi kūkākūkā ākea me kāu kauka niho e pili ana i nā koho anesthesia i loaʻa a me nā hana palekana e hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi ʻike niho ʻoluʻolu a palekana hoʻi.
