Calorimetry: Ke Ana ʻana i ka Ikehu Wela i nā Hana Kemika Hoʻolauna ʻO Calorimetry kahi lālā o ka ʻepekema e aʻo ana i ke ana ʻana o nā loli ikehu wela i nā hana kemika a i ʻole nā kaʻina hana kino. Loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo "calorimetry" mai ka Latin "calor," ʻo ia hoʻi ka wela, a me "metri," ʻo ia hoʻi ke ana ʻana. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i nā ʻike koʻikoʻi i ka enthalpy, entropy, a me ka hiki ke wela o nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole. ʻO kēia ʻatikala… E heluhelu hou aku
Nā Hana Exothermic a me Endothermic Hoʻolauna ʻO ka hana kemika kahi hana e loli ai kahi mea a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o nā mea i kahi mea hou me nā ʻano kemika like ʻole. I kēlā me kēia hana kemika, pili mau ka ikehu, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokomo a i ʻole ka mea hoʻopuka. Ma muli o nā loli ikehu e hana ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana kemika i ʻelua ʻano: nā hana exothermic a me nā hana endothermic. ʻAtikala … E heluhelu hou aku
ʻŌnaehana a me ke Kaiapuni: Ka Symbiosis o ke Ola Hoʻolauna Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi hou ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana, ua lilo nā huaʻōlelo "ʻōnaehana" a me "kaiapuni" i mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā kūkākūkā ʻepekema a me nā kaiāulu. ʻOiai ke kani like ʻole lākou, pili loa lākou a hoʻohuli kekahi i kekahi. E ho'āʻo kēia ʻatikala e wehewehe i nā manaʻo kumu o nā ʻōnaehana a me nā kaiapuni a me kā lākou pilina. Wehewehena o kahi ʻŌnaehana… E heluhelu hou aku
ʻO ke Kānāwai o ka Mālama ʻana i ka Ikehu: He Kumumanaʻo Kumu i ka Physics Hoʻolauna ʻO ke Kānāwai o ka Mālama ʻana i ka Ikehu he kumumanaʻo kumu e pili ana i nā manaʻo he nui i ka physics a me ke kemika. ʻŌlelo kēia kānāwai ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia a luku ʻia paha ka ikehu, akā hiki ke hoʻololi wale i ke ʻano. Ua hoʻohālikelike ke ʻano a me nā hopena o kēia kānāwai i ko mākou ʻike i ke ao holoʻokoʻa a ua lilo… E heluhelu hou aku
Thermochemistry: ʻO ka ʻEpekema Ma hope o ka Wela a me nā Hana Kemika ʻO ka Thermochemistry kahi lālā o ke kemika e aʻo ana i nā loli ikehu, ʻoiai ka ikehu wela, e hele pū me nā hana kemika a me nā loli kino. ʻO ke kumu, noiʻi ka thermochemistry pehea e hoʻoili ʻia ai ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o ka wela mai kekahi ʻōnaehana i kekahi a pehea e pili ai kēia mau loli ikehu i ka enthalpy, entropy, a me ke kaulike kemika. ʻO ka ʻepekema o … Heluhelu hou aku
Poʻomanaʻo: Ka hopena o ka puhi ʻana o ka Hydrocarbon ʻO ka puhi ʻana o ka hydrocarbon kahi hana kemika maʻamau i ke ola o kēia wā. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hydrocarbons, nā hui i haku ʻia me ka hydrogen a me ke kalapona, i nā wahie fossil e like me ka petroleum, ke kinoea kūlohelohe, a me ka lanahu. Ke puhi ʻia nā hydrocarbons, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ikehu i mālama ʻia i loko o kā lākou mau pilina kemika ma ke ʻano o ka wela a me ka mālamalama. ʻOiai … E heluhelu hou aku
Hoʻolauna ʻO nā Isomers Hydrocarbon ʻO nā isomers nā molekala i loaʻa ke ʻano molekala like akā ʻokoʻa nā ʻano a i ʻole nā hoʻonohonoho atomika. ʻO kahi lālā nui o ka isomerism ʻo ia ka isomerism hydrocarbon. ʻO nā hydrocarbons he mau hui organik i haku ʻia me ke kalapona a me ka hydrogen. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā kaulahao lōʻihi, lālā, a me nā apo, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i nā ʻano hale like ʻole a me nā waiwai kemika… E heluhelu hou aku
Nā ʻAno Kino a me nā Kemika o nā Hydrocarbons ʻO nā hydrocarbons he mau hui kemika i haku ʻia me nā ʻātoma kalapona (C) a me hydrogen (H). ʻO lākou nā ʻāpana nui o nā wahie mōʻalihaku e like me ka petroleum, ke kinoea kūlohelohe, a me ka lanahu. Ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi o nā ʻano hui organik maʻalahi a koʻikoʻi loa, loaʻa i nā hydrocarbons nā ʻano kino a me nā kemika like ʻole e hoʻohuli i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole... E heluhelu hou aku
ʻO nā Hydrocarbons ʻAromatic ʻO nā hydrocarbons ʻala he papa o nā hui organik i loaʻa kahi ʻano apo i ʻike ʻia he apo benzene a i ʻole kekahi apo i hoʻohui ʻia. Aia kēia apo i ʻeono mau ʻātoma kalapona i hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā ʻātoma hydrogen i hoʻopili ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻātoma kalapona. Hōʻike nā hydrocarbons ʻala i nā ʻano kūikawā e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea pili loa i nā ʻano noi like ʻole… E heluhelu hou aku
ʻO Alkenes a me Alkynes: Nā Waiwai a me nā Hoʻohana i ke Ola o kēlā me kēia lā ʻO Alkenes a me alkynes ʻelua mau pūʻulu o nā hydrocarbons unsaturated i loaʻa pinepine i ka kemika organik. Loaʻa i nā mea ʻelua nā ʻano kūikawā e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā hydrocarbons saturated e like me alkanes. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i kā lākou wehewehe ʻana, nā ʻano, nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika, a me nā noi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Wehewehena o Alkenes… E heluhelu hou aku