Imithetho kaKirchhoff - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. Ingakanani i -voltage yokugcina yebhethri kusekethe engezansi?
Isixazululo
i-emf = amandla e-electromotive = umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwama-terminals uma kungekho zamanje ukugeleza kuye kusekethe yangaphandle.
I-voltage ye-terminal (V) = umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwama-terminal lapho ugesi ugeleza usuka ebhethrini.
Uma kungekho mandla akhishwa ebhethrini, i-voltage ye-terminal ilingana ne-emf.
Kwaziwa:
Isithambisi 1 (R1 ) = 2 Ω
Isithambisi 2 (R2 ) = 4 Ω
Isithambisi 3 (R3 ) = 4 Ω
i-emf 1 (E 1 ) = 20 Volt
i-emf 2 (E 2 ) = 15 Volt
Okufunwayo: I-voltage ye-terminal (V)
Isixazululo 1:
I-voltage yokugcina:
V = E 1 – E 2 = 20 – 15 = 5 Volts
Isixazululo 2:
Bala ukugeleza kwamanje kusekethe (I)
Okokuqala , Khetha indlela yomthombo ngamunye wamanzi. Indlela ingakhethwa ngokungahleliwe: uma umthombo empeleni uphambene, uzophuma nophawu lokususa esixazululweni.
Bese, siqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kumjikelezo, sizicabange sihambahamba ngeluphu, sengeza ama-emf kanye namagama e-IR njengoba sifika kuwo.
Okwesibili , Uma sihamba emthonjeni sisuka ku-- siya ku-+, i-emf ibhekwa njengelungile; uma sisuka ku-+ siya ku--, i-emf ibhekwa njengengalungile.
Okwesithathu , Uma sihamba nge-resistor ngendlela efanayo ne-assumed current, igama le-IR liyi-negative ngoba i-current iya endleleni yokuncipha kwamandla. Uma sihamba nge-resistor ngendlela ephambene ne-assumed current, igama le-IR liyi-positive ngoba lokhu kumelela ukwanda kwamandla.
Isiqondiso samandla kagesi sikhethwa ngendlela efanayo nesiqondiso sewashi:
E 1 – IR 1 – IR 2 – IR 3 – E 2 = 0
20 – I(2) – I(4) – I(4) – 15 = 0
20 – 15 – Mina (2) – Mina (4) – Mina (4) = 0
5 – 10 I = 0
5 = 10 I
I = 5/10
I = 0.5 Ampere
Ugesi ogeleza kusekethe ungu-0.5 Ampere. Ugesi osayinwe kahle usho ukuthi isiqondiso samandla kagesi sifana nesiqondiso sewashi.
Bala i-resistor elinganayo (R):
I-Resistor 1 ( R1 ) , i-resistor 2 ( R2 ) kanye ne-resistor 3 (R3 ) zixhunywe ochungechungeni . I - resistor efanayo:
R = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 = 2 Ω + 4 Ω + 4 Ω = 10 Ω
I-voltage ye-terminal ku-resistor R (V)
V = IR = (0.5)(10) = 5 Volts
[irp]
2. Esiketheni njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, thola amandla ahlakazekile ku- resistor engu-3-Ω.
Isixazululo:
Kwaziwa:
Umphikisi 1 (R1= = 2 Ω 
Isithambisi 2 (R2 ) = 3 Ω
Isithambisi 3 (R3 ) = 4 Ω
i-emf 1 (E 1 ) = 8 Volt
i-emf 2 ( E 2 ) = 10 Volt
Okufunwayo: Amandla anyamalala ku- resistor engu -3-Ω
Isixazululo:
Amandla ahlakazekile ku- resistor ye - 3-Ω :
P = VI
P = amandla , V = i -voltage kuyo yonke i -resistor engu-3-Ω , I = ugesi udlula kwi- resistor engu-3-Ω
Bala ugesi (I) odlula ku -resistor engu-3-Ω
Isiqondiso samandla kagesi sikhethwa ngendlela efanayo nesiqondiso sewashi:
E 1 – IR 1 – IR 2 – IR 3 + E 2 = 0
8 – I(2) – I(3) – I(4) + 10 = 0
18 – 9 I = 0
18 = 9 I
Mina = 18/9
I = 2 Ampere
Ugesi ogeleza kusekethe ungama- Ampere ama-2 . Ugesi osayinwe kahle usho ukuthi isiqondiso samandla kagesi sifana nesiqondiso sewashi.
Amasekethe axhunywe ngokulandelana ukuze ugesi ogeleza kusekethe = ugesi odlula ku- resistor engu-3- Ω = 2 Ampere.
Bala i-voltage (V) kuyo yonke i-resistor engu-3-Ω
V = IR 2 = (2 A)(3 Ω) = 6 Volts
Amandla ahlakazekile ku- resistor ye-3-Ω:
P = VI = (6 Volt)(2 Ampere) = 12 Volt Ampere = 12 Watt
[irp]
3. Ngokusekelwe kusekethe njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, yimuphi umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamaphuzu A no-B.
Kwaziwa:
Ukumelana 1 (R1= = 2 Ω 
Isithambisi 2 (R2 ) = 3 Ω
Isithambisi 3 (R3 ) = 4 Ω
i-emf 1 (E 1 ) = 8 Volt
i-emf 2 (E 2 ) = 10 Volt
Okufunwayo: Umehluko ongaba khona (V) phakathi kwamaphuzu A no-B
Isixazululo:
Bala ugesi (I) ogeleza ku- resistor engu- 3- Ω
Isiqondiso samandla kagesi sikhethwa ngendlela efanayo nesiqondiso sewashi:
– E 1 – IR 1 – IR 2 – E 2 – IR 3 = 0
– 8 – Mina (2) – Mina (3) – 10 – Mina (4) = 0
– 18 – 9 I = 0
– 18 = 9 I
I = -18 / 9
I = – 2 Ampere
Ugesi ogeleza kusekethe ungama- Ampere ama-2 . Ugesi osayinwe nge- negative usho indlela yogesi ogeleza ngayo ngokuphambene newashi.
Amasekethe axhunywe ngokulandelana ukuze ugesi ogeleza kusekethe = ugesi odlula ku- resistor engu-3- Ω = 2 Ampere.
Bala umehluko ongaba khona (V) kulo lonke i-resistor engu-3- Ω :
V = IR 2 = (2 A)(3 Ω) = 6 Volts
[irp]
4. Ngokusekelwe kusekethe njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, yimuphi umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwe -resistor ye-R 3.
Kwaziwa:
Ukumelana 1 (R1= = 2 Ω 
Isithambisi 2 (R2 ) = 4 Ω
Isithambisi 3 (R3 ) = 3 Ω
i-emf 1 (E 1 ) = 6 Volt
i-emf 2 (E 2 ) = 9 Volt
Okufunwayo: Umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwe -resistor ye - R3
Isixazululo:
Bala ugesi (I) odlula ku- resistor ye-R 3
Isiqondiso samandla kagesi sikhethwa ngendlela efanayo nesiqondiso sewashi:
E 1 – IR 1 – E 2 – IR 2 – IR 3 = 0
6 – 2I – 9 – 4I – 3I = 0
6 – 9 – 2I – 4I – 3I = 0
-3 – 9I = 0
-3 = 9I
I = -3/9
I = -1/3
Ugesi ogeleza kusekethe uyi- 1/3 Ampere. Ugesi osayinwe nge- negative usho indlela yogesi ogeleza ngayo ngokuphambene newashi.
Amasekethe axhunywe ngokulandelana ukuze ugesi ogeleza kusekethe = ugesi odlula ku- resistor ye -R 3 = 1/3 Ampere.
Bala umehluko ongaba khona (V) kulo lonke i-resistor ye -R 3
V = IR 3 = (1/3)(3) = 1 Volt
[irp]
5. Amandla kagesi akhona phakathi kwamaphuzu C no-D = 4 Volts, thola u-R!
Kwaziwa:
Ukumelana 1 (R1= = 2 Ω 
Isithambisi 2 (R2 ) = 2 Ω
Isithambisi 3 (R3 ) = R
i-emf 1 (E 1 ) = 8 Volt
i-emf 2 (E 2 ) = 4 Volt
Umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kuka -C no- D (V CD ) = 4 Volts
Kufunwa: R
Isixazululo:
I-V CD = IR
4 = i-IR
R = 4 / I
…………
Bala ugesi (I) odlula ku-resistor ye-R
Isiqondiso samandla kagesi sikhethwa ngendlela efanayo nesiqondiso sewashi:
– E 1 – 2I + E 2 – 2I – IR = 0
– 8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – I (4/I) = 0
– 8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – 4 = 0
– 8 + 4 – 4 – 2I – 2I = 0
– 8 – 4I = 0
– 8 = 4I
I = -8 / 4
I = -2 Ampere
Ugesi ogeleza kusekethe ungama- Ampere ama-2 . Ugesi osayinwe nge- negative usho indlela yogesi ogeleza ngayo ngokuphambene newashi.
Amasekethe axhunywe ngokulandelana ukuze ugesi ogeleza kusekethe = ugesi odlula ku- resistor ye-R = 2 Ampere.
R:
R = 4 / I = 4 / 2 = 2 Ohm
