Ukushayisana - izinkinga nezixazululo

Ukushayisana - izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Into A (3 kg) ihamba ngesivinini esingu-8 m/s kanti into B (5 kg) ihamba ngesivinini esingu-4 m/s. Uma ukushayisana phakathi kwezinto A no-B kunwebeka ngokuphelele, lingakanani ijubane lezinto A no-B ngemva kokushayisana?

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sento A (m ₁ ) = 3 kg

Isisindo sento B (m2 ₎ = 5 kg

Isivinini sento A (v ₁ ) = 8 ms ^–1

Isivinini sento B (v ₂ ) = 4 ms ^–1

Ukushayisana okunwebeka ngokuphelele.

Okufunwayo: v ₁ ' kanye v ₂ '

Isixazululo:

Uma zombili izinto zinesisindo esihlukile futhi ijubane lazo zombili izinto ngemva kokushayisana alikaziwa okwamanje, khona-ke ijubane ngemva kokushayisana libalwa kusetshenziswa lesi sibalo:

Isiqondiso sezinto zombili siyafana ukuze ijubane lazo zombili izinto libe nophawu olufanayo. Uma zombili izinto zihamba ngezindlela eziphambene khona-ke ijubane elilodwa linesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa kanti elinye ijubane linesibonakaliso sokususa.

Ijubane lento A (v _A ) ngemva kokushayisana:

Ijubane lento B (v _B ) ngemva kokushayisana:

Ijubane lento A (v ₁ ') ngemva kokushayisana liyi-3 m/s kanti ijubane lento B (v ₂ ') ngemva kokushayisana liyi-7 m/s.

2. Ibhola linomfutho ongu-P, lishayisana nodonga futhi liyakhanya. Ukushayisana kuyanwebeka ngokuphelele futhi isiqondiso salo siqonde odongeni. Kuyini ukushintsha komfutho webhola?

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sebhola = m

Ijubane lebhola ngaphambi kokushayisana = v

Ijubane lebhola ngemva kokushayisana = -v (ibhola libonakala ngakwesobunxele)

Umfutho webhola ngaphambi kokushayisana (p _o ) = mv

Umfutho webhola ngemva kokushayisana (p _t ) = m (-v) = – mv

Okufunwayo: Ushintsho lomfutho webhola

Isixazululo:

Ushintsho lomfutho:

Δp = p _t – po _o

Δp = – mv – mv

Δp = – 2 mv

Δp = -2p

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa indlela ibhola eliya ngayo.

3. Izinto ezimbili, u-A no-B, zinesisindo esifanayo ezihamba ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi zishayisana. U-A uhamba empumalanga ngesivinini sika-V no-B uhamba entshonalanga ngesivinini sika-2V. Uma ukushayisana kunwebeka ngokuphelele, pho ijubane lazo zombili izinto ngemva kokushayisana lingakanani.

Kwaziwa:

Zombili izinto zinesisindo esifanayo.

I-A iya empumalanga ngesivinini sika-V

I-B iya entshonalanga ngesivinini esingu-2V

Okufunwayo: Ijubane lezinto zombili ngemva kokushayisana

Isixazululo:

Uma zombili izinto zinesisindo esifanayo futhi ukushayisana kunwebeka ngokuphelele, khona-ke ngemva kokushayisana zombili izinto zishintsha ijubane lazo.

Ngemva kokushayisana, u-A uthuthela entshonalanga ku-2V kanti u-B uthuthela empumalanga ku-V.

Ukushayisana Okuncane Okunwebekayo

4. Izinto ezimbili ezinesisindo esifanayo zihamba ngomugqa oqondile ngezindlela eziphambene njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Uma ijubane lento 2 ngemva kokushayisana (v ₂ ') lingu-5 m/s ngakwesokudla, khona-ke ubukhulu bejubane lento 1 ngemva kokushayisana buyini.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sento ngayinye = m

Ijubane lento 1 ngaphambi kokushayisana (v ₁ ) = 8 m/s

Ijubane lento 2 ngemva kokushayisana (v ₂ ) = 10 m/s

Ijubane lento 2 ngemva kokushayisana (v ₂ ') = 5 m/s

Okufunwayo: Ijubane lento 1 ngemva kokushayisana (v ₁ ')

Isixazululo:

Ukushayisana kunwebeka kancane.

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = m ₁ v ₁ ' + m ₂ v ₂ '

m (v ₁ + v ₂ ) = m (v ₁ ' + v ₂ ')

v ₁ + v ₂ = v ₁ ' + v ₂ '

8 + 10 = v ₁ ' + 5

18 = v ₁ ' + 5

v ₁ ' = 18-5

v ₁ ' = 13 m/s

Ukushayisana kwe-Inelastic

5. Inhlamvu engamagremu ayi-10 edutshulwe ku-100 ms ^-1 , ishayisana nebhulokhi yokhuni lapho iphumule. Isisindo sebhulokhi singamagremu angu-490. Ukushayisana akunakweqile. Iyini ijubane lebhulokhi kanye nenhlamvu ngemva kokushayisana.

Kwaziwa:

isisindo senhlamvu (m ₁ ) = 10 amagremu

Isivinini senhlamvu (v ₁ ) = 100 m/s

Isisindo sebhulokhi (m ₂ ) = 490 amagremu

Isivinini sebhulokhi (v ₂ ) = 0 m/s (ibhulokhi lapho iphumule)

Okufunwayo: Isivinini sebhulokhi kanye nenhlamvu ngemva kokushayisana

Isixazululo:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) v'

(10)(100) + (490)(0) = (10 + 490) v'

1000 + 0 = 500 v'

1000 = 500 v'

v' = 1000 / 500

v' = 2 m/s

6. Iloli elihamba ngesivinini esingu-10 m/s lishayisana neloli elihamba ngesivinini esingu-20 m/s. Ngemva kokushayisana, iloli nemoto zombili zihamba ndawonye ngesivinini esifanayo. Isisindo seloli singama-1400 kg kanti isisindo semoto singama-600 kg. Liyini ijubane leloli nemoto ngemva kokushayisana?

Kwaziwa:

isivinini seloli (v ₁ ) = 10 m/s

isivinini semoto (v ₂ ) = 20 m/s

isisindo seloli (m1 ₎ = 1400 kg

isisindo semoto (m2 ₎ = 600 kg

Okufunwayo: Isivinini seloli kanye nemoto ngemva kokushayisana

Isixazululo:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) v

(1400)(10) + (600)(20) = (1400 + 600) v

14000 + 12000 = 2000 v

26000 = 2000 v

v = 13 m/s

7. Inhlamvu engamagremu angu-20 ihamba ngesivinini esingu-10 m/s ngendlela evundlile, ishayisane nebhulokhi engamagremu angu-60 elele phansi. Ngemva kokushayisana, inhlamvu nebhulokhi kuhamba ndawonye ngesivinini esifanayo nangendlela efanayo. Iyini ijubane lezinhlamvu namabhulokhi.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo senhlamvu (m _P ) = 20 amagremu = 0.02 kg

Isisindo sebhulokhi (m _B ) = amagremu angu-60 = 0.06 kg

Isivinini sokuqala senhlamvu (v _P ) = 10 m/s

Isivinini sokuqala samabhulokhi (v _B ) = 0

Okufunwayo: Isivinini senhlamvu kanye nebhulokhi ngemva kokushayisana (v')

Isixazululo:

Ukushayisana akunabo ukuqina.

m _P v _P + m _B v _B = (m _P + m _B ) v'

(0.02)(10) + (0.06)(0) = (0.02 + 0.06) v'

0.2 + 0 = 0.08 v'

0.2 = 0.08 v'

v' = 0.2 / 0.08

v' = 2.5 m/s

8. Izinto ezimbili, u-A no-B, zinesisindo esifanayo = 1.5 kg ziyasondelana bese ziyashayisana. Isivinini sento u-A (v _A ) = 4 m/s kanye nesivinini sento u-B (v _B ) = 5 m/s. Uma ukushayisana kungaqini, liyini ijubane lazo zombili izinto ngemva kokushayisana.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sento A (m _A ) = 1.5 kg

Isisindo sento B (m _B ) = 1.5 kg

Isivinini sento A ngaphambi kokushayisana (v _A ) = 4 m/s (esiqondile kwesokudla)

Isivinini sento B ngaphambi kokushayisana (v _B ) = -5 m/s (ukuya kwesobunxele okunegethivu)

Okufunwayo: Isivinini sezinto zombili ngemva kokushayisana

Isixazululo:

m _A v _A + m _B v _B = (m _A + m _B ) v'

(1.5)(4) + (1.5)(-5) = (1.5 + 1.5) v'

6 – 7.5 = (3) v'

-1.5 = (3) v'

v' = -1.5 / 3

v' = -0.5 m/s

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi ngemva kokushayisana, zombili izinto ziya ngakwesobunxele, ziqonde ngakwesokunene nento B.

1. Kuyini ukungqubuzana kumongo wefiziksi? Impendulo: Ku-physics, ukungqubuzana kubhekisela esenzakalweni lapho izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zisondelana, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amandla phezu komunye nomunye, okuholela ekushintshisaneni kwamandla kanye nomfutho.
2. Ukushayisana kwe-elastic kanye ne-inelastic kuhluke kanjani? Impendulo: Ekungqubuzaneni okunwebekayo, kokubili amandla e-momentum kanye ne-kinetic ayalondolozwa. Ekungqubuzaneni okunwebekayo, i-momentum iyalondolozwa, kodwa amandla e-kinetic awalondolozwa. Ukungqubuzana okunwebekayo ngokuphelele kuyisigaba esincane lapho izinto ezingqubuzanayo zinamathelana khona ngemva kokungqubuzana.
3. Kungani umfutho uhlala ulondolozwa ezingozini? Impendulo: Umfutho ulondolozwa ezingozini ngenxa yesimiso sokulondolozwa komfutho, esithi umfutho ophelele wesistimu evaliwe uhlala ungaguquki ngaphandle kokuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ngamandla angaphandle.
4. Ingabe amandla e-kinetic ahlala elondolozwa ezingozini? Impendulo: Cha, amandla e-kinetic agcinwa kuphela ekushayisaneni okunwebekayo. Ekushayisaneni okunwebekayo, amanye amandla e-kinetic aguqulwa abe ezinye izinhlobo zamandla, njengamandla angase abe khona, umsindo, noma ukushisa.
5. Kungani izimoto ezimbili zinganamathelana ngemva kokushayisana? Impendulo: Uma izimoto ezimbili zinamathelana ngemva kokushayisana, kuyisibonelo sokushayisana okungenakuqina ngokuphelele. Izimoto zihlala ndawonye ngenxa yokuxhumana kwemishini, ukuguqulwa, noma amanye amandla anqoba ikhono lazo lokuphindela komunye nomunye.
6. Ingabe into ebhekene nokushayisana ingabhekana noshintsho lwamandla e-kinetic ngisho noma ijubane layo lingashintshi? Impendulo: Yebo, uma into ishintsha indlela yayo ngesikhathi sokushayisana kodwa hhayi ijubane layo, ijubane layo (inani le-vector) liyashintsha, kodwa ijubane layo (inani le-scalar) lihlala lifana. Nakuba ubukhulu bamandla ayo e-kinetic (kuye ngejubane) bungase bungashintshi, into ishintshe indlela ekusatshalalisweni kwamandla.
7. Kungani amabhola e-billiard egxumagxuma uma eshayisana? ImpenduloAmabhola e-billiard adlula cishe ekushayisaneni okunwebekayo. Uma ibhola elilodwa lishaya elinye, amandla e-kinetic kanye nomfutho kuyadluliselwa, okubangela ukuthi amabhola aqhume. Ukwakheka kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa amabhola e-billiard kuwenza asebenze kahle ekulondolozeni amandla e-kinetic kulokhu kusebenzisana.
8. Uma izinto ezimbili ezinobukhulu obuhlukene zishayisana futhi zinamathelana, ingabe ijubane lazo elihlangene lizoba isilinganiso sejubane lazo lokuqala? Impendulo: Akunjalo ngempela. Ijubane elihlanganisiwe lizoncika emthethweni wokulondolozwa komfutho. Uma into eyodwa inkulu kakhulu kunenye, ijubane elihlanganisiwe lizosondela kakhulu kwijubane lokuqala lento enkulu kakhulu.
9. Ezweni langempela, ingabe kukhona ukushayisana “okunwebekayo” ngempela? Impendulo: Empeleni, akukho ukungqubuzana okunwebeka ngokuphelele. Nakuba okunye ukungqubuzana, njengalokho okuphakathi kwamabhola ebhiliyadi, kusondela, kuhlale kukhona amandla alahlekela kwezinye izinhlobo, njengomsindo noma ukushisa.

10. I-airbag iwunciphisa kanjani umthelela wokushayisana engozini yemoto? Impendulo : Ama-airbag andisa isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze umfutho womuntu ushintshe lapho eshayisana. Ngokwenza kanjalo, amandla atholwa ngumuntu (okulingana nesikhathi lapho umfutho ushintsha khona) ayancishiswa, okunciphisa ukulimala okungenzeka.