Amasu Okufuya Izinhlanzi Eziphumelelayo ze-Patin
I-Pendahuluan
I-Pangasius (i-Pangasius sp.) uhlobo lwezinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile olunenani eliphezulu kwezomnotho e-Indonesia. Leli thuba elibalulekile lisekelwa inyama yalo emnandi, ukuthungwa okuthambile, kanye nokuqukethwe okunomsoco okuphezulu. Ukutshalwa kwe-Pangasius kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, okunye kwakho ngokusebenzisa amasu okuzala. Isidingo esikhulu semakethe sidinga abalimi bezinhlanzi ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ukuzala okuphumelelayo nokuphumelelayo. Lesi sihloko sizochaza amasu okuzala e-pangasius aphumelelayo, kusukela ekukhetheni imfuyo kuya ekunakekeleni izibungu.
Ukukhetha Umzali
Ukukhetha i-broodstock kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwelashweni kwe-catfish. I-broodstock enempilo nesezingeni eliphezulu izonquma ikhwalithi ye-fry etholakala. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokukhetha i-broodstock:
1. Impilo Yezinhlanzi: Inhlanzi esanda kuzalwa kumele ingabi nezifo kanye nezinambuzane. Izinhlanzi ezinempilo zivame ukuba matasa, zinesifiso sokudla, futhi azinazo ukulimala noma ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba.
2. Ubudala Nesisindo Somzali: Umzali wesifazane kufanele abe neminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala futhi abe nesisindo esingu-3-4 kg, kanti umzali wesilisa kufanele abe neminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala futhi abe nesisindo esingu-2-3 kg.
3. Ukuvuthwa kwe-Gonad: Ukuvuthwa kwe-Gonad kungabonakala esimweni sesisu senhlanzi. Izinhlanzi zesifazane ezilungele ukuzala zizoba nesisu esikhulu nesithambile, kuyilapho izinhlanzi zesilisa zizokhipha isidoda lapho isisu sazo sihlikihlwa kancane.
Ukulungiswa Kwechibi Lokukhulisa Inzalo
Ichibi lokuzalela amaqanda kumele lilungiswe kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuzalela amaqanda kahle. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo zokulungiselela:
1. Ukuhlanza Ichibi: Hlanza ichibi ukungcola nokudla okusele. Yomisa ichibi izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ukuze uqede umjikelezo wokuphila kwezinambuzane kanye namagciwane abangela izifo.
2. Ukugcwalisa Ichibi Ngamanzi: Gcwalisa ichibi ngamanzi ahlanzekile angenawo amakhemikhali ayingozi. Amanzi echibi kufanele abe ne-pH engu-6.5-7.5 kanye nokushisa okungu-28-30°C.
3. Ukufakwa Kwesidleke: Faka isidleke sezinhlanzi ukuze zibeke amaqanda azo. Isidleke singenziwa nge-palm fibre noma nge-bamboo elukiwe. Beka isidleke ekhoneni lechibi ekujuleni okungaba yimitha engu-0.5-1.
Ukuqaliswa kwama-hormone
Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuzala, owesifazane uvame ukujovwa nge-hormone evuselela ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda. Ama-hormone avame ukusetshenziswa yi-Ovaprim noma i-LHRHa. Nazi izinyathelo zokuqaliswa kwama-hormone:
1. Umthamo wama-hormone: Umthamo wama-hormone uncike esisindweni senhlanzi. Ngokuvamile, umthamo wama-hormone u-0.5 ml/kg wesisindo somzimba wenhlanzi.
2. Imijovo yama-hormone: Ama-hormone afakwa emisipheni yangemuva noma yesifuba. Sebenzisa isirinji esingenamagciwane ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
3. Ukuqaphela: Ngemva kokujova, izinhlanzi zibuyiselwa echibini bese zibhekwa. Izinhlanzi zesifazane zizoqala ukubeka amaqanda zingakapheli amahora angu-8-12 ngemva kokujova.
Ukuzala Kwemvelo Noma Okwenziwayo
Ukuzala kwezinhlanzi ze-catfish kungenziwa ngokwemvelo noma ngokwenziwa. Nansi incazelo yazo zombili izindlela:
1. Ukuzala Kwemvelo: Kule ndlela, inzalo yesilisa neyesifazane ivunyelwe ukuzalela ngokwemvelo echibini. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inengozi yokukhulelwa okuphansi kanye namaqanda amaningi angachanyuselwa.
2. Ukuzala Okwenziwa: Le ndlela isebenza kangcono ngoba amaqanda nesidoda kuqoqwa ngesandla. Nazi izinyathelo:
– Ukuhlela Amaqanda: Izinhlanzi zesifazane zihlelwa ukuze zikhulule amaqanda abese eqoqwa esitsheni esihlanzekile.
– Ukuqoqwa Kwesidoda: Isisu senhlanzi yesilisa siyahlikihlwa ukuze kususwe isidoda esixutshwa nesisombululo se-NaCl (0.9%) esitsheni esihlukile.
– Ukuvundisa: Hlanganisa amaqanda nesidoda esitsheni. Hlanganisa ngobumnene ngesibambo noma nge-siphon kuze kusabalale ngokulinganayo.
Ukuchamisela Amaqanda
Ngemva kokukhulelwa, amaqanda e-catfish avunyelwe ukuchamisela ethangini noma esitsheni esikhethekile. Ithangi lokuchamisela kumele libe nokujikeleza kwamanzi okuhle futhi lifakwe umoya. Nazi izinyathelo zokuchamisela amaqanda:
1. Ukudlulisa Amaqanda: Dlulisa ngokucophelela amaqanda avundisiwe aye ethangini lokuchamisela. Sebenzisa i-mesh encane ukuze ugweme ukulimaza amaqanda.
2. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi: Gcina ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokuqapha izinga lokushisa, i-pH, kanye namazinga e-oxygen ancibilikile. Gwema izinguquko ezinkulu kwikhwalithi yamanzi.
3. Ukuqaphela Nokunakekela: Amaqanda azochama zingakapheli amahora angama-24-36. Ngemva kokuchama, izibungu kufanele zibhekwe ukuze kutholakale izilwane ezidla ezinye noma isikhunta. Uma kutholakala izibungu ezingavamile, zisuse ngokushesha.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezibungu
Ukukhulisa ama-larval kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukusinda kwama-catfish fry. Nazi izinyathelo zokukhulisa ama-larval:
1. Ukondla: Izibungu ze-Catfish ziphakelwa ukudla kwemvelo njenge-rotifers noma i-brine shrimp ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-3-5. Ngemva kwalokho, zingaphakelwa ukudla okwenziwe okuncane kakhulu.
2. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ageleza kahle futhi ushintshe amanzi njalo. Ungakhohlwa ukuqapha imingcele yekhwalithi yamanzi njalo.
3. Ukuvikelwa Ezilokazaneni Nezifo: Njalo qapha isimo sezibungu futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo. Sebenzisa imithi noma amakhemikhali ngokwesilinganiso esinconywayo.
Ukuhlukana Nokukhulisa
Uma izibungu ze-catfish sezifinyelele usayizi othile, zidluliselwa echibini noma ethangini lokukhulisa. Nazi ezinye izeluleko zokudlulisa nokukhulisa:
1. Ukukhetha Imbewu: Khetha imbewu enobukhulu obufanayo ukuze kube lula ukuyinakekela. Imbewu engaphilile noma enephutha kufanele isuswe.
2. Ukulungiswa Kwemvelo: Ngaphambi kokuhambisa imbewu echibini lokukhulisa, yilungise endaweni entsha ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka ezinhlanzini.
3. Ukunikeza Ukudla Okusezingeni Eliphezulu: Nikeza ukudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudla okunempilo ze-catfish fry. Ukuvama kokudla kufanele kube njalo futhi kuhambisane nezidingo zazo.
Isiphetho
Amasu okuzala izinhlanzi ze-catfish aphumelelayo adinga ulwazi namakhono akhethekile. Konke kusukela ekukhetheni izinkukhu ze-catfish, ukulungiswa kwechibi, ukungeniswa kwama-hormone, ukuzala, ukuchamisela amaqanda, kanye nokukhulisa ama-larva kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela nangokucophelela. Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezifanele, kulindeleke ukuthi isivuno sokuzala sikhule kakhulu, kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo semakethe esikhulayo. Ukutshalwa kwezinhlanzi ze-catfish okuphumelelayo akugcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo zomnotho kodwa futhi kusekela ukuvikeleka kokudla futhi kuthuthukise inhlalakahle yomphakathi.
