Ukunquma Intengo Yokuthengisa Yemikhiqizo Noma Izinsizakalo
Ukunquma intengo yokuthengisa kungenye yezinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu ebhizinisini. Intengo akuyona nje inombolo elelebula noma efakiwe esicelweni sesevisi; iyisiginali yenani, isu lokuwina imakethe, kanye nethuluzi lokugcina ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi. Intengo ephezulu kakhulu ingadukisa amakhasimende angaba khona, kanti intengo ephansi kakhulu ingalimaza inzuzo futhi ilimaze nombono wekhwalithi. Ngakho-ke, ukunquma intengo yokuthengisa yomkhiqizo noma isevisi kudinga indlela elinganisiwe, hhayi ukuqagela nje noma ukulandela abancintisana nabo.
1. Ukuqonda izindleko: isisekelo samanani
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekunqumeni amanani ukuqonda izindleko ngokuphelele. Amabhizinisi amaningi ayahluleka ngokubala kuphela izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa, kuyilapho ekhohlwa ngezinye izindleko ezidla inzuzo buthule.
Ngokuvamile, izindleko zihlukaniswe kanje:
a. Izindleko ezizinzile
Izindleko ezingashintshi kakhulu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lokuthengisa liyakhuphuka noma liyancipha, isibonelo, irenti, amaholo abasebenzi ahlala njalo, ukubhaliswa kwesofthiwe, i-inthanethi yehhovisi, ukwehla kwenani lemishini, kanye nezindleko zokuphatha.
b. Izindleko eziguquguqukayo
Izindleko ezihluka kuye ngomthamo wokukhiqiza noma izinsizakalo ezinikeziwe. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukupakisha, izindleko zokuthumela nge-oda ngalinye, amakhomishini okuthengisa, noma izindleko zabasebenzi ngephrojekthi ngayinye.
Ngezinsizakalo, izindleko eziguquguqukayo zivame ukufaka amahora okusebenza, izindleko zokuhamba, amalayisense emishini asetshenziswa ngephrojekthi ngayinye, noma izimali zomkontileka ongaphansi.
Uma usuqonda izindleko zakho, nquma izindleko zakho zezimpahla ezithengisiwe (COGS). Ngemikhiqizo, lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-COGS (Izindleko Zezimpahla Ezithengisiwe), kanti ngezinsizakalo, kungabalwa njengezindleko ngephrojekthi ngayinye noma izindleko zehora. Ukusuka lapha, unganquma "intengo encane" ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa.
2. Nquma izinhloso zamanani
Intengo "efanele" iyahlukahluka kuye ngebhizinisi, njengoba imigomo yabo ingahluka. Zibuze: yiziphi izinto eziza kuqala kuwe njengamanje?
Ezinye zezinhloso ezijwayelekile zamanani:
1. Khulisa inzuzo: ifanele imikhiqizo enesidingo esizinzile nezinzuzo ezicacile.
2. Ukungena emakethe: amanani aphansi ukuze kudonswe amakhasimende amaningi ekuqaleni.
3. Ukwandisa isabelo semakethe: inhlanganisela yamanani ancintisanayo kanye nokukhushulwa okunamandla.
4. Ukwakha isithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu: amanani aphezulu ukuze kugcizelelwe ikhwalithi, ulwazi, kanye nokukhethekile.
5. Gcina ukuhamba kwemali: gxila ekushintsheni okusheshayo kanye nokukhokha okushelelayo.
Ngomgomo ocacile, ngeke uthambekele kalula lapho ubhekene nengcindezi yezaphulelo noma izimpi zamanani.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwenani: intengo ilandela izinzuzo, hhayi izindleko kuphela
Iphutha elivamile elenziwa abanikazi bamabhizinisi amancane ukubiza ngentengo ngokusekelwe ezindleleni: izindleko + imajini. Kodwa-ke, amakhasimende athenga izinzuzo, hhayi umbiko wakho wezindleko. Ngakho-ke, cabanga ngentengo esekelwe enanini: intengo inqunywa yinani elibonwa yikhasimende.
Isibonelo, izinsizakalo zokuklama amalogo aziphathelene nesikhathi sokuklama kuphela, kodwa futhi ziphathelene nomthelela wazo esithombeni somkhiqizo, ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende, kanye nokukhula kokuthengisa okungenzeka. Imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ayiphathelene nokwakheka kwezithako kuphela, kodwa futhi imayelana nokuphepha, imiphumela, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Ukuze ulinganise inani, unga:
– Hlola inkinga yekhasimende nokuthi iphuthuma kangakanani.
– Hlola imiphumela abayitholayo (ukonga isikhathi, ukonga izindleko, inzuzo eyengeziwe, ukwaneliseka okwengeziwe).
- Sebenzisa ubufakazi, izifundo zamacala, kanye nedatha yemiphumela ukuze uqinise ukubaluleka.
Uma ubonisa ukubaluleka kwakho ngokusobala, isikhundla sakho sizoqina kakhulu ekubekeni intengo enempilo.
4. Ucwaningo lwabancintisanayo: isilinganiso, hhayi ukulalela
Ukuhlaziya amanani abancintisana kubalulekile, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele uhlale ushibhile. Okudingeka ukwenze ukuqhathanisa:
– Intengo yemakethe (eshibhile kakhulu kuya kwebiza kakhulu)
- Izici, ikhwalithi, isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa, iwaranti, kanye nedumela
- Ingxenye eqondiwe (isabelomali, ibanga eliphakathi, i-premium)
- Indlela yokwethula okunikezwayo (amaphakheji, amabhonasi, ubulungu)
Uma abancintisana nabo bethengisa ngentengo ephansi, zibuze: ingabe ikhwalithi yabo iyafana? Ingabe badela insizakalo? Noma bamane nje bakhulu ngakho-ke behlisa izindleko? Ukusuka lapho, unganquma umehluko, hhayi amanani aphansi nje kuphela.
5. Khetha indlela efanele yokubeka amanani
Kunezindlela eziningana ezivame ukusetshenziswa:
a. Intengo yezindleko kanye nenani (izindleko + i-margin)
Okulula kakhulu. Kuphelele amabhizinisi asanda kuqala.
Ifomula elula:
Intengo yokuthengisa = izindleko eziphelele ngeyunithi ngayinye + umkhawulo
b. Amanani okuncintisana (asekelwe kubancintisani)
Kufanelekela izimakethe lapho imikhiqizo ifana khona futhi ukuncintisana kukhulu.
Kodwa kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungabanjwa empini yamanani.
c. Intengo esekelwe enanini (ngokusekelwe enanini)
Ifanele izinsizakalo zobungcweti, imikhiqizo eyingqayizivele, noma imikhiqizo enokuhlukahluka okunamandla.
d. Amanani asezingeni / amaphakheji asezingeni
Inikeza izinketho eziningana, isibonelo i-Basic–Standard–Premium.
Lokhu kusiza amakhasimende ukuthi akhethe ngokwesabelomali sawo futhi kukunikeza izinketho zokuthengisa kabusha.
e. Amanani engqondo
Isibonelo: I-Rp. 99.000 ibukeka “ishibhile” kune-Rp. 100.000.
Noma yenza intengo yephakheji ibonakale ishibhile kunokuthenga ngayinye.
Indlela engcono kakhulu ivame ukuba yinhlanganisela, isibonelo izindleko njengomkhawulo omncane, abancintisanayo njengereferensi, kanye nenani njengesici esinquma isikhundla sokugcina.
6. Ukubala izinzuzo kanye nokugcina impilo yebhizinisi
I-margin ayisho nje ukuthi "ufuna inzuzo engakanani", kodwa kumele ifake:
- izindleko zokusebenza ezivame ukulibaleka
– izingozi (izimpahla ezonakele, ukubuyiselwa kwemali, ukubuyekezwa, ukukhokha sekwephuzile)
– izindleko zokumaketha (ukukhangisa, okuqukethwe, izaphulelo, amakhomishini)
- ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi (amathuluzi amasha, ukuqeqeshwa, ucwaningo lomkhiqizo)
- inzuzo enhle net
Isibonelo, uma uthengisa imikhiqizo enezinzuzo ezincane kakhulu, ukwenyuka okuncane kwezindleko zezinto zokwakha noma zokuthumela kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, hlola izinzuzo njalo, ikakhulukazi njengoba izimo zemakethe zishintsha.
7. Amasu okunciphisa isaphulelo kanye nokukhushulwa: ungagcini nje ngokunciphisa amanani
Izaphulelo zingasebenza kahle, kodwa uma zivamile kakhulu, amakhasimende azolinda ukukhushulwa futhi abone intengo evamile njengephakeme kakhulu. Sebenzisa izaphulelo ngenhloso ecacile, isibonelo:
– ukuhlanganisa (iphakheji yokonga)
– isaphulelo sokuthenga kokuqala (ukuthengwa)
- izaphulelo zokuthenga ngobuningi obukhulu (ngokuthengisa ngobuningi)
– ukukhushulwa kwesizini (izikhathi ezithile)
- uhlelo lokwethembeka (ukugcinwa)
Kungcono ukudala inani elengeziwe (amabhonasi, izinsizakalo ezengeziwe, iziqinisekiso ezinde) kunokumane wehlise amanani, ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ukwakha uphawu oluqinile.
8. Ukuhlolwa kwentengo ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokuhlolwa
Intengo akuyona isinqumo esiba khona kanye empilweni. Udinga ukuhlola nokubuyekeza ngokusekelwe kudatha:
- kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuthengisa kukhuphuke noma kwehla ngemva kokushintsha kwentengo
– ingabe amakhasimende ayakhononda ngentengo noma akuyona inkinga?
– ingabe imali engenayo yanele ukumboza izindleko nokukhiqiza inzuzo?
- ukuthi abancintisana nabo bayashintsha yini isu
– ingabe kukhona ukwenyuka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa noma izindleko zezokuthutha?
Ungenza ukuhlolwa okulula kwe-A/B eziteshini ezithile, noma ukhuphule amanani kancane kancane ukuze ulinganise impendulo yemakethe. Into ebalulekile ukukala umthelela njalo.
9. Isiphetho
Ukunquma intengo yokuthengisa yomkhiqizo noma isevisi kuyinhlanganisela yokubala izindleko, ukuqonda inani lamakhasimende, kanye nesu lemakethe. Ungaweli ogibeni lokulandela nje abancintisana nabo noma ukwehlisa amanani ukuze uthengise ngokushesha. Intengo efanele yileyo enikeza amakhasimende inani ngenkathi igcina impilo yebhizinisi, ukukhula, futhi ihlinzeka njalo ngekhwalithi engcono kakhulu. Ngokubala izindleko ngokuningiliziwe, ukubeka imigomo, ukumaka amanani, kanye nokwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile, unganquma intengo engagcini nje ngokuthengisa kodwa futhi enenzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
