Indima Yokuphathwa Kwezezimali Kwamabhizinisi Aqalayo
Ukwakha inkampani entsha kuvame ukufana nemibono emikhulu, ubuchwepheshe obusha, kanye nokukhula okusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwalolu daba lokusungula izinto ezintsha kunesisekelo esisodwa esinquma ukuthi inkampani entsha izosinda futhi ichume yini: ukuphathwa kwezezimali. Izinkampani eziningi ezintsha zehluleka hhayi ngoba umkhiqizo wazo mubi, kodwa ngoba ziphelelwa yimali, aziphathi kahle imali engenayo, noma azinazo izilawuli zezimali ezanele. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda indima yokuphathwa kwezezimali kusukela ekuqaleni kuyimfuneko, akuyona inketho.
1. Nquma indlela kanye nokwenzeka kwebhizinisi
Ukuphathwa kwezezimali kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni izinkampani ezintsha ukuthi zihlole ukusebenza kahle komqondo webhizinisi ngokwezomnotho. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwezilinganiso zemali engenayo, izilinganiso zezindleko, kanye nokubalwa kwezidingo zemali. Izinkampani ezintsha kudingeka zazi ukuthi kuzobiza malini ukwakha umkhiqizo, ukuqhuba imisebenzi, ukuthola amakhasimende, nokuthi inkampani izophila isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokwenza inzuzo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kwe-break-even kusiza izinkampani ezintsha ukuthi ziqonde ukuthi imali engenayo ingakwazi yini ukumboza izindleko. Nakuba izinkampani eziningi ezintsha zingaqondisi inzuzo ekuqaleni, ukuqonda isakhiwo sezindleko zazo kanye namathuba emali engenayo kusabalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo zokwandisa noma zokuqasha ezingokoqobo.
2. Phatha ukuhamba kwemali ukuze inkampani entsha "ingapheli umoya"
Ukuhamba kwemali "kuyi-oxygen" yenkampani entsha. Inkampani ingabonakala ikhula—izinombolo zabasebenzisi ziyanda, ukusakazwa kwabezindaba kuyakhula, abatshalizimali banesithakazelo—kodwa isengawa uma imali inganele ukumboza amaholo, izindleko zeseva, irenti, kanye nezindleko zokumaketha. Yilapho ukuphathwa kwezezimali kudlala khona njengethuluzi lokulawula.
Ukuphathwa kokuhamba kwemali kuhlanganisa ukuqopha imali engenayo kanye nezindleko, ukuhlela izinkokhelo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imali iyatholakala ngesikhathi esifanele. Ama-startup kudingeka ahlukanise phakathi kwenzuzo yamaphepha kanye nemali yangempela kuma-akhawunti awo. Isibonelo, i-startup ye-B2B ingase iqophe imali engenayo enkulu, kodwa ithole inkokhelo ezinsukwini ezingu-30-90 kamuva. Ngaphandle kokuhlela ukuhamba kwemali, lokhu kungaholela enkingeni yokuntuleka kwemali.
3. Lungisa isabelomali bese ulawula izinga lokushiswa kwemali
Izinga lokushiswa yizinga lapho imali isetshenziswa khona ngenyanga. Lingenye yezindlela zezimali ezibaluleke kakhulu zebhizinisi eliqalayo, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala lapho imali engenayo ingazinzile. Ukuphathwa kwezezimali kusiza izinkampani eziqalayo ukuthi zinqume izinga lokushiswa elinempilo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali kubekwa phambili.
Isabelomali sisebenza njengemephu yezindleko: ukuthi kungakanani okwabelwe amaholo, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukumaketha, ezomthetho, njalo njalo. Ngesabelomali esicacile, izinkampani ezintsha zingenza izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha, hhayi nje ekuqondeni. Isibonelo, uma izindleko zokukhangisa zikhuphuka kodwa ukuguqulwa kungakhuphuki, ithimba lezezimali lingabonisa isidingo sokuhlola kabusha isu labo lokumaketha noma ukushintsha iziteshi zokuthola.
4. Ukubala indlela yokugijima kanye nokugcina ukuqhubeka kokusebenza
I-Runway ichaza ukuthi inkampani entsha ingasebenza isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba iphelelwe yimali, ngokuvamile ibalwe ngokuhlukanisa ukugeleza kwemali etholakalayo ngesilinganiso sayo sokusha sanyanga zonke. Isibonelo, uma inkampani entsha inemali eyizigidi eziyi-1 zama-rupiah kanye nesilinganiso sokusha sama-rupiah ayizigidi ezingama-200 ngenyanga, i-runway yayo cishe iyizinyanga ezinhlanu. Lolu lwazi lunquma ukuthi inkampani entsha kufanele iqale nini ukufuna uxhaso, inciphise izindleko, noma isheshise ukwenza imali.
Ngaphandle kokubala njalo kwezindlela zokuqalisa ibhizinisi, izinkampani ezintsha zisengozini yokuthatha isinyathelo sekwephuzile. Abasunguli abaningi baqaphela isimo esibucayi kuphela uma benenyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela ezisele, noma inqubo yokuqongelela imali ingathatha izinyanga. Ukuphathwa kahle kwezezimali kukhuthaza izinkampani ezintsha ukuba zibikezele izingozi kunokusabela sekwephuzile.
5. Kusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha
Ukuphathwa kwezezimali kunikeza idatha edingekayo yokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, ingabe inkampani entsha kufanele ivule igatsha elisha, yandise ithimba layo lokuthengisa, inyuse amanani, noma yandise izici zomkhiqizo? Lezi zinqumo kumele zicabangele umthelela emalini engenayo, izindleko, izinzuzo kanye nengozi.
Imibiko yezezimali efana nezitatimende zenzuzo nokulahlekelwa, ama-balance sheet, kanye nezitatimende zokuhamba kwemali kusiza abasunguli baqonde impilo iyonke yebhizinisi. Akuwona wonke ama-startup adinga ukubika okuyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni, kodwa okungenani, kufanele abe nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi okuhlelekile futhi aqashwe njalo izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile (ama-KPI).
6. Ukuphatha ezomnotho zamayunithi kanye nenzuzo yesikhathi eside
Ibhizinisi elisha elikhulayo alinampilo ngempela uma konke ukuthengisa kuholela ekulahlekelweni. Ukuphathwa kwezezimali kudlala indima ekuhlaziyeni ezomnotho zamayunithi—inzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa ezingeni lamayunithi, njengekhasimende ngalinye, ukuthengiselana ngakunye, noma ngomkhiqizo ngamunye.
Ezinye izindlela zokulinganisa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka:
– Izindleko Zokuthola Amakhasimende (CAC): izindleko zokuthola ikhasimende elilodwa.
– Inani Lokuphila Konke (i-LTV): inani lemali engenayo etholwa yikhasimende kulo lonke ubudlelwano nenkampani entsha.
– Isilinganiso somnikelo: inzuzo ngemva kwezindleko eziqondile (njengezindleko zokukhiqiza noma izindleko zesevisi).
– Izinga lokushintsha: izinga lapho amakhasimende eyeka ukubhalisa noma engasebenzi khona.
Ngokuqonda ezomnotho zamayunithi, izinkampani ezintsha zingahlola ukuthi ukukhula kwazo kuphilile yini. Uma i-CAC inkulu kune-LTV, izinkampani ezintsha kufanele zithuthukise amasu azo okumaketha, amanani, noma okugcina amakhasimende, kunokuba zilandele nje ukukhula kwabasebenzisi.
7. Yiba yisisekelo sokuxhumana kobungcweti nabatshalizimali
Abatshalizimali ababheki nje kuphela umbono kanye nethimba, kodwa futhi babheka nesiyalo sezezimali. Amabhizinisi amasha anemibiko yezezimali ehlanzekile, izibikezelo ezingokoqobo, kanye nokuqonda izinga lawo lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kanye nokuphumelela kwawo avame ukuba nokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Ukuphathwa kwezezimali kunikeza indaba esekelwe ezinombolo echaza ukuthi imali isetshenziswa kanjani, ukuthi yini efinyelelwe, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelayo.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxhasa ngezimali, izinkampani ezintsha kumele futhi zilungiselele idatha efana nethebula lomkhawulo (isakhiwo sobunikazi), izidingo zokuxhasa ngezimali, ukusetshenziswa kwezimali, kanye nokubikezela ukukhula. Konke lokhu kudinga ukuphathwa kwezezimali okuhlelekile. Ngaphandle kwemibhalo nedatha eyanele, inqubo yokuhlolisisa abatshalizimali ingaphazamiseka noma yehluleke.
8. Nciphisa ubungozi futhi uqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho
Amabhizinisi amasha akhula ngokushesha avame ukubhekana nezinkinga zomthetho nezentela: izibopho ze-VAT, intela yengeniso, ukubika intela, izinkontileka zomsebenzi, kanye nokuphathwa kwama-invoyisi. Ukuphathwa kwezezimali kudlala indima ekuqinisekiseni ukuthobela kwenkampani imithethonqubo esebenzayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ingozi yezinhlawulo, izingxabano, noma izinkinga zomthetho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilawuli zangaphakathi ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kweziphathimandla, ukuvunyelwa kwezindleko, kanye nokuhlolwa okulula kusiza ukuvimbela amaphutha okurekhoda kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezimali. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho izinkampani ezintsha ziqala ukuba nokuthengiselana okuningi futhi zifaka abantu abaningi ekuphatheni izimali.
9. Sekela ukukhuliswa ngezinhlelo nobuchwepheshe
Njengoba ukuthengiselana kwanda, ukuqoshwa ngesandla kuba nzima futhi kuvame ukwenza amaphutha. Ukuphathwa kwezezimali kukhuthaza izinkampani ezintsha ukwakha izinhlelo: isofthiwe yokubala imali, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkokhelo, amadeshibhodi ezezimali, kanye nokwenza ama-invoyisi ngokuzenzakalela. Ngohlelo olulula kakhulu, izinkampani ezintsha zingavala izincwadi zazo ngokushesha, zinciphise ingozi yamaphutha abantu, futhi zigxile esu.
Ukusabalala akugcini nje ngobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi nangokulungela inqubo yangaphakathi. Izinkampani ezintsha ezifuna ukukhula ngokushesha zidinga isisekelo sezimali esiqinile ukuvimbela ukukhula ekuphazamiseni imisebenzi.
10. Dala isiko lokuziphatha kahle nokusebenza kahle
Ekugcineni, ukuphathwa kwezezimali akuyona nje umsebenzi wokuphatha, kodwa futhi kuwumsebenzi wokwakha isiko. Amabhizinisi amasha akha isiko lokuziphatha kwezezimali kusukela ekuqaleni avame ukusebenza kahle futhi abhekane nezinkinga. Zonke izindleko zicatshangelwa umthelela wazo, wonke amaqembu ayaqonda izinhloso zebhizinisi, futhi zonke izinqumo zilinganiswa ngedatha.
Ukuziphatha kahle ngokwezezimali akusho ukuba yisicefe noma ukwesaba ukuzama. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokulawula okufanele, izinkampani ezintsha zingenza ukuhlolwa okulinganisiwe: ukubeka isabelomali sokuhlola, ukuchaza izinkomba zempumelelo, kanye nokuqeda izinhlelo ezingasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kuvumela ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuhlakaniphile nokusimeme kakhudlwana.
Isiphetho
Indima yokuphathwa kwezezimali enkampanini entsha ibalulekile: kusukela ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ibhizinisi lisebenza kahle, ekuphatheni ukuhamba kwemali, ekulawuleni izinga lokushiswa kwebhizinisi, ekubaleni indlela yokuqalisa ibhizinisi, kuya ekusekeleni izinqumo zamasu kanye nokuxhumana nabatshalizimali. Izinkampani ezintsha ezifuna ukusinda phakathi kokuncintisana okukhulu kanye nokungaqiniseki kwemakethe kudingeka ziphathe ukuphathwa kwezezimali njengesisekelo esiyinhloko, hhayi isengezo.
Ngohlelo lwezezimali oluqinile, izinkampani ezintsha azikwazi "ukuphila isikhathi eside" kuphela kodwa futhi zikhule zibe nempilo enhle, ngokulinganiswa, futhi zilungele kangcono ukubhekana nesigaba sokukhula kanye nezinselele zomnotho. Ukuphathwa kwezezimali okuhle ekugcineni kungamandla aqhubayo agcina amaphupho amakhulu ezinkampani ezintsha engokoqobo futhi efinyeleleka.
