Ukwazi Izimiso Zokutshalwa Kwezimali ZikaWarren Buffett
UWarren Buffett waziwa njengomunye wabatshalizimali abaphumelele kakhulu emlandweni. Ngenkampani yakhe yokutshala imali, iBerkshire Hathaway, ufakazele ukuthi isu elihlelekile, elilula, nelihambisanayo lingakhiqiza ukusebenza okungavamile kwesikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi bathi impumelelo yakhe ibangelwa “amaqhinga” ayinkimbinkimbi noma ikhono lokubikezela imakethe, kodwa empeleni uBuffett ugcizelela okuphambene nalokho: ukuqonda ibhizinisi, ukuthenga ngentengo efanele (noma ephansi), futhi ubekezele.
Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezimiso zokutshalwa kwezimali ezibaluleke kakhulu zikaWarren Buffett, kanye nendlela yokuziqonda ukuze zifaneleke kokubili kubaqalayo kanye nabatshalizimali abanolwazi.
1. Ukutshala imali njengobunikazi bebhizinisi, hhayi nje ukuthenga amasheya
KuBuffett, ukuthenga amasheya kufana nokuthenga ingxenye yobunikazi bebhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, ukugxila kwakhe okuyinhloko akukhona ekushintsheni kwamanani kwansuku zonke, kodwa kunalokho kusezingeni lenkampani ayithengayo. Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi inkampani ithola kanjani imali engenayo, ukuthi isidingo sayo sizinzile kangakanani, ukuthi obani abancintisana nayo, nokuthi ibhizinisi lizohlala libalulekile yini emashumini eminyaka ezayo.
Lesi simiso sivimbela abatshalizimali ekuziphatheni okuqagelayo—isibonelo, ukuthenga isitoko ngoba nje sithandwa. Uma ungaqondi ukuthi inkampani isebenza kanjani, uBuffett angasho ukuthi awukakulungeli ukuba "umnikazi" webhizinisi.
2. Qonda “Isiyingi Sobungcweti”
UBuffett udume ngomqondo wakhe wokusebenza kahle: tshala imali kulokho okuqondayo. Akazizwa enesidingo sokwazi yonke imboni. Kunalokho, ukhetha ukuqonda izindawo ezimbalwa angazihlola kahle. Isihluthulelo akukhona ukuthi ulwazi lwakho lubanzi kangakanani, kodwa ukuthi imingcele yakho icacile kangakanani.
Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi akufanele ugijimele ebhizinisini uthenge amasheya emkhakheni othile ngoba nje ethandwa kakhulu. Uma ungakayiqondi imodeli yebhizinisi, izingozi, kanye nemithombo yenzuzo, kungcono ukulinda noma ukhethe inkampani oyiqonda kangcono.
3. Funa amabhizinisi anenzuzo enkulu yokuncintisana (Economic Moat)
Omunye wemibono kaBuffett ethandwa kakhulu yi-moat yezomnotho, "i-moat" evikelayo eyenza inkampani ibe nzima ukuncintisana nayo. Izinkampani ezine-moat eqinile zivame ukukwazi ukugcina inzuzo kanye nesabelo semakethe isikhathi eside.
Ama-moats angavela ku:
– Umkhiqizo oqinile owenza amakhasimende athembeke.
– Umnotho wezinga, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi kunezincintisana nazo.
– Izindleko zokushintsha eziphezulu, ngakho amakhasimende ayanqikaza ukushintsha.
– Inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa noma umphumela wenethiwekhi.
– Imithetho/izimvume okunzima ukuzilingisa.
UBuffett uthanda amabhizinisi angagcini nje ngokwenza kahle manje, kodwa futhi anezindonga zokumelana nokuncintisana iminyaka ezayo.
4. Gxila ekhwalithini yokuphathwa kwenkampani
UBuffett ubheka ukuphatha njengento ebalulekile. Uthanda abaphathi abathembekile, abanekhono, nabagxile kubanikazi bamasheya. Ukuphatha okuhle ngokuvamile:
– Yabela imali ngokuhlakanipha (ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukwandiswa, ukubuyiselwa kwemali, izinzuzo).
– Ukungafihli lutho ekubikeni nasekuxhumaneni.
– Hhayi ukuphishekela ukukhula ukuze ubukeke umuhle, kodwa ukuphishekela inani elingaphakathi lesikhathi eside.
Ngokuvamile, izinkampani ezinemikhiqizo emihle zingawa uma zingaphathwanga kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani ezinezinga eliphezulu zingakhula ngendlela eqhubekayo.
5. Thenga ngentengo efanelekile: umqondo wenani elingaphakathi
Nakuba uBuffett ethanda izinkampani ezisezingeni eliphezulu, usakhathalela intengo. Akathengi "noma yisiphi" isitoko ngoba nje sihle. Uqhathanisa intengo yemakethe nenani elingaphakathi—inani elifanele lenkampani ngokusekelwe ekhonweni layo lokukhiqiza ukugeleza kwemali esikhathini esizayo.
Lona umehluko phakathi kokutshala imali nokuqagela. Abatshalizimali ababalulekile njengoBuffett bafuna amathuba lapho imakethe iphansi, noma okungenani ngokunengqondo, ikhwalithi yesitoko. Akafuni ukuthenga ngentengo ephansi kakhulu, kodwa kunalokho uthenga lapho ithuba lokuthola umklomelo wengozi livuma.
6. Sebenzisa “Umkhawulo Wokuphepha”
Umqondo womkhawulo wokuphepha wathandwa nguBenjamin Graham, umeluleki kaBuffett. Kusho ukuthenga ngesaphulelo ukuze unciphise ingozi yokubala kabi noma izenzakalo ezingalindelekile.
Isibonelo, uma uhlola inani elifanele lenkampani ku-10.000 ngesabelo ngasinye, ukuthenga ku-7.000 kunikeza isivikelo. Uma inani lakho lentengo liphansi kancane, usenayo i-buffer. Lesi simiso sisiza abatshalizimali ukuba bagweme izinqumo ezibuthakathaka, "zobumina" ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka.
7. Ungagxili ekunyakazeni kwemakethe: sebenzisa imizwa yemakethe.
UBuffett uvame ukubhekisela ku-"Mnu. Market"—isifaniso lapho imakethe ngezinye izikhathi inikeza amanani angenangqondo aqhutshwa yimizwa. Kunezikhathi lapho imakethe inethemba ngokweqile, kanti ngezinye izikhathi inokuphelelwa yithemba ngokweqile. Abatshalizimali abaqeqeshwe kahle basebenzisa lezi zimo.
Esikhundleni sokwethuka lapho amanani ehla, uBuffett ubheka ukuthi ukwehla kwenza izinkampani ezinhle zibe zishibhile yini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akathandi ukuthenga ngesikhathi senjabulo, njengoba amanani ngokuvamile esephezulu kakade.
8. Cabanga isikhathi eside futhi ubekezele
Esinye sezikhali ezinkulu zikaBuffett ukubekezela. Uthanda ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside ngoba inani lezinkampani ezisezingeni eliphezulu livame ukukhula ngokuhambisana nokusebenza kwebhizinisi labo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi eside sivumela umphumela omkhulu wokuhlanganisa.
UBuffett uze wathi isikhathi sakhe asithandayo sokubamba "singunaphakade," yize empeleni esengathengisa uma izisekelo zishintsha noma amanani edlula kakhulu inani elifanele.
9. Gxila emibonweni emihle kakhulu, hhayi amasheya amaningi kakhulu
Ngokungafani nendlela yokwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene ngokwedlulele, uBuffett uvame ukugxila kakhulu emathubeni awaqondayo ngempela futhi awakholelwayo. Ukholelwa ukuthi ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene ngokweqile kungaba uphawu lokuthi umtshali-zimali akaqiniseki ngokuhlaziywa kwakhe.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela: leli qhinga lifaneleka kakhulu kubatshalizimali abanamakhono aqinile okuhlaziya. Kubatshalizimali abasaqalayo, ukuhlukahluka kusabalulekile. Kodwa isifundo sicacile: kungcono ukuba nokutshalwa kwezimali okunekhwalithi okumbalwa okuqondayo kunezitoko eziningi ezithengiwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo.
10. Gwema izikweletu eziningi kakhulu futhi uqonde izingozi
UBuffett uvame ukuxwayisa ngokuthi ingozi ayiveli ekushintsheni kwentengo, kodwa ivela ekungazini nasekusebenziseni ngokweqile imali. Izikweletu zingakhulisa imbuyiselo, kodwa futhi zingabhubhisa iphothifoliyo lapho imakethe iphikisana nayo.
Izimiso zikaBuffett zikhuthaza abatshalizimali ukuba balondoloze ukuqina kwezezimali, bakhethe izinkampani ezinebhalansi enempilo, futhi bagweme ukuzandisa ngokweqile. Umgomo: ukuhlala emakethe isikhathi eside, njengoba amathuba amahle kakhulu evame ukuvela kulabo abasenayo imali lapho kuvela inkinga.
11. Ukuzithiba, ubulula, kanye nokungaguquguquki
Ngamafuphi, ifilosofi kaBuffett ilula kakhulu: thenga amabhizinisi amahle ngamanani afanele, bese uwagcina isikhathi eside. Kodwa ubulula abufani nokulula. Inselele yangempela ukuzithiba: ukuhlala uzolile ngesikhathi sokwesaba imakethe, ukungabi nobugovu ngesikhathi senjabulo yemakethe, nokunamathela ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo.
Ukungaguquguquki kubalulekile, ngoba inzuzo enkulu evela ekutshalweni kwezimali ngokuvamile ayiveli ezinqumweni ezivamile, kodwa ekwenzeni izinqumo ezifanele nokuzivumela ukuba zikhule.
I-Penutup
Izimiso zikaWarren Buffett zigcizelela ubuhlakani bebhizinisi, inzuzo yokuncintisana, ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi, kanye nokuthenga ngomkhawulo wokuphepha. Esikhundleni sokuphishekela inzuzo esheshayo, wakha ingcebo ngokubekezela kanye nomphumela wesikhathi eside wokuhlanganisa. Kubatshalizimali, ukulingisa uBuffett akusho ukuthi kufanele athenge amasheya afanayo naye, kodwa kunalokho amukele indlela yakhe yokucabanga: enengqondo, eqondisayo, futhi egxile enanini.
Uma ufuna ukuqala ukusebenzisa izimiso zikaBuffett, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqinisa ukuqonda kwakho izisekelo zenkampani, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwenani elifanele, nokuthuthukisa imikhuba yokutshala imali eqhubekayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le ndlela iyakwazi ukumelana kakhulu nokushaqeka kwemakethe futhi inethuba elikhulu lokukhiqiza ukukhula okunempilo.
