Ukuphathwa Kokunakekelwa Kwababelethisi Ezimweni Ze-Schizophrenia
I-Pendahuluan
I-Schizophrenia isifo sengqondo esibi esibonakala ngokuphazamiseka kwemicabango, ukuqonda, imizwa, kanye nokuziphatha. Lesi simo singabonakala njengokubona izinto ezingekho, ukukhohlisa, inkulumo engahlelekile, ukuziphatha okuxakile, kanye nezimpawu ezimbi njengokunganaki kanye nokuhoxa. Kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala, i-schizophrenia ibeka inselele ethile ekunakekelweni kokubeletha ngoba ingathinta amakhono okuzinakekela, ukunamathela ekunakekelweni kokubeletha, ubudlelwano bomndeni, ngisho nokulungela ukubeletha kanye nokunakekela umntwana. Ngakho-ke, ukuphathwa kokunakekelwa kokubeletha kwamacala e-schizophrenia kumele kube okuphelele, okusebenzisana, futhi okuqondiswe ekuphepheni komama nomntwana osanda kuzalwa.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokunakekelwa Kombelethisi Kwamakhasimende Ane-Schizophrenia
Ukunakekelwa kwababelethisi beziguli ezine-schizophrenia akugxili nje kuphela ezicini zomzimba zokukhulelwa noma zokubeletha, kodwa futhi nasezicini zengqondo, zenhlalo, kanye nokuphepha. Izimiso ababelethisi okumele bazilandele zifaka indlela egxile esigulini, ukuxhumana kwezokwelapha, inhlonipho ngamalungelo esiguli, ukuvimbela ukucwaswa, kanye nokubambisana phakathi kochwepheshe. Empeleni, ababelethisi kudingeka bakhe ukwethembana, basebenzise ulimi olulula, banikeze izincazelo ezimfushane kodwa ezicacile, futhi baphinde ulwazi njengoba kudingeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababelethisi kumele bahlole ikhono lesiguli lokwenza izinqumo. Kwezinye izimo, iziguli zingase ziphinde zibuyele esimweni sazo esibucayi, okwenza buthaka ikhono lazo lokuhlola iqiniso. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izinqumo zezokwelapha zivame ukudinga ukwesekwa umndeni noma umnakekeli oseduze, kuyilapho kusacatshangelwa izimiso zokuziphatha nemithetho esebenzayo.
Ukuhlolwa Okuphelele Kokubelethisa
Isigaba sokuqala ukuphathwa kokunakekelwa ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Umbelethisi udinga ukuthola umlando wokubeletha (i-LMP, iminyaka yokukhulelwa, umlando wokubeletha nokubeletha, ukuphuphuma kwesisu), isimo sokudla okunempilo, izifo ezihambisana nalesi simo, kanye nomlando wemithi. Ku-schizophrenia, ulwazi olwengeziwe olubalulekile luhlanganisa:
1. Umlando wezinkinga zengqondo: lapho kutholakala ukuthi unesifo, ukuphindaphindeka kokubuyela emuva, umlando wokulaliswa esibhedlela, ukuba khona kokuziphatha okunolaka noma okuzilimazayo.
2. Ukuthobela imithetho yokwelashwa: ukuthi isiguli sithatha imithi yokwelapha ingqondo njalo yini, yimiphi imiphumela emibi esiyizwayo, kanye nezizathu zokuyeka uma kunjalo.
3. Ukusekelwa komndeni: ubani umnakekeli oyinhloko, yiziphi izindlela zomndeni, kanye nekhono lomndeni lokuqapha isiguli.
4. Isimo sengqondo samanje: ukuba khona kwemibono engekho, ukukhohliswa, ukucasuka, ukusola ngokweqile, ukukhathazeka, noma ukucindezeleka.
5. Izingozi zokuphepha: ingozi yokuzibulala, ingozi yokulimaza abanye, kanye nengozi yokuzidebeselela (ukungadli, ukungagezi, ukungalawuli).
Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kusaqhutshwa ngokwezindinganiso zokubelethisa: izimpawu zokuphila, isimo esijwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwesisu, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kwengane (FHR), ukunyakaza kwengane, kanye nokuhlolwa okusekelayo njenge-hemoglobin (Hb), ushukela wegazi, kanye nokuhlolwa kokutheleleka, uma kudingeka. Ababelethisi kufanele futhi baqaphele imiphumela ye-metabolic yemithi ethile yokulwa nesifo sengqondo, engandisa ingozi yokukhuluphala noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-glucose.
Ukuhlela Ukunakekelwa Okuhlanganisiwe
Ukuhlela ukunakekelwa kuvuliwe Abesifazane abakhulelwe abane-schizophrenia kufanele bacabangele isimo sabo sengqondo, uhlelo lwemithi, kanye nokulungela izinguquko zomzimba zokukhulelwa. Ezinye izingxenye zohlelo lokunakekelwa zifaka:
1. Uhlelo Oluphephile Lokukhulelwa Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe
Ababelethisi kudingeka bahlele ukuvakashelwa kwe-ANC okuhlelekile kakhulu ngezikhumbuzo ezicacile. Uma isiguli sihlala sikhohlwa, umndeni ungabandakanyeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona abantu abakhona. Imfundo kufanele inikezwe kancane kancane, isibonelo, ngezimpawu zokukhulelwa eziyingozi, ukudla okunomsoco, ukuphumula, kanye nokulungiselela ukubeletha. Dlulisa ulwazi usebenzisa imisho emifushane bese ucela isiguli ukuthi siluphinde ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi siyakuqonda.
2. Ukudluliselwa kanye Nokubambisana Nodokotela Bezifo Zengqondo
Ukubambisana kubalulekile ngoba eminye imithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo idinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa. Ababelethisi abayishintshi imithi ngokuzimela kodwa benza kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwesiguli nodokotela wezifo zengqondo. Umgomo uwukuzinza kwezimpawu ngomthamo ophansi kakhulu osebenzayo, kanye nokuqapha imiphumela emibi.
3. Ukuvimbela Ukuphinda Kubuye
Ukucindezeleka, ukuntuleka kokulala, izingxabano zomndeni, kanye nokuyeka imithi ngokuzumayo kungabangela ukubuyela emuva. Ababelethisi nemindeni kudingeka bathuthukise uhlelo lokuvimbela: isimiso sokulala, imisebenzi yansuku zonke ejwayelekile, ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo, kanye nokutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezimpawu zokubuyela emuva njengobunzima bokulala, ukusola ngokweqile, noma inkulumo engahlelekile.
4. Uhlelo Lokuzalwa Nokulungela Inhlekelele
Uhlelo lokubeletha kufanele luhlanganise indawo ephephile yokubeletha, izinto ezithandwa ngumnakekeli, kanye nezimo uma isiguli sibhekana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma isifo sengqondo esibi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinobungozi obukhulu, ukubeletha endaweni yokudlulisela ngosizo lodokotela bezifo zokubelethisa nodokotela bezifo zengqondo kuyathandwa. Ababelethisi balungiselela nezindlela ezingezona ezemithi zokuzola isiguli, njengegumbi elithule, ukuvuselela okuncane, kanye nokuxhumana okungasongeli.
Ukuqaliswa Kokunakekelwa Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa, Ukubeletha, kanye Nangemva Kokubeletha
Ukunakekelwa Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa
Ababelethisi baqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo eziyisisekelo zeziguli ziyahlangatshezwa: ukudla okwanele, iziphuzo, inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, kanye nokuphumula. Imfundo yezempilo inikezwa njalo kodwa hhayi ngokweqile ukuze kugwenywe ukukhungathekisa isiguli. Uma isiguli sithola izimpawu zengqondo ezincane, ababelethisi balondoloza isimo sokuzola, bagweme ukuphikisana nokukhohlisa, futhi baqondise ingxoxo ezidingweni zezempilo. Uma kwenzeka imibono esongela ukuphila noma ukuziphatha okungalawuleki, kudingeka ukudluliselwa ngokushesha.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphakathi Kokubeletha (Ngesikhathi Sokubeletha)
Ukubeletha kungaba isikhathi esicindezelayo kakhulu. Ababelethisi kudingeka badale indawo ephephile nesekelayo, banciphise inani labantu egumbini, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi isiguli sithola incazelo yazo zonke izinqubo. Uma isiguli singabambisani ngenxa yezimpawu, umbelethisi uzosebenzisana nethimba lezokwelapha ukuze bacabangele ukudambisa noma ukungenelela njengoba kubonisiwe, ngenkathi besacabangela ukuphepha komntwana osanda kuzalwa.
Umngane wokubeletha othembekile angasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka. Amasu alula okuphumula , ukusekelwa ngamazwi, kanye nokuphathwa kobuhlungu okufanele nakho kunganciphisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangemva Kokubeletha Nokuncelisa
Isikhathi sangemva kokubeletha yisikhathi esisengozini kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha noma ukubuyela emuva kwesifo sengqondo. Ababelethisi baqapha isimo sengqondo sikamama, ikhwalithi yokulala, izindlela zokudla, kanye nekhono lokunakekela umntwana. Ukuncelisa kufanele kucatshangelwe nodokotela wezifo zengqondo ngoba eminye imithi ingadlulela ebisini lebele. Uma ukuncelisa kubhekwa njengokuphephile, umama kufanele ahambisane naye ukuqinisekisa ukuncelisa ngempumelelo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ababelethisi basiza imindeni ukulungiselela ezinye izindlela zokuhlinzeka ngomsoco wengane nokuqinisekisa ukusondelana ngokuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba kanye nokusebenzisana okuhle.
Kunakekelwa kakhulu ukuphepha komntwana. Uma umama ebonisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi, umndeni kufanele uhole ngenkathi umama ethola ukunakekelwa.
Ukuhlola kanye Nemibhalo
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa njalo: ukuthi umama uyaya yini ekuhlolweni, ukuthi uphuza imithi yakhe njalo, isimo sengane esanda kuzalwa, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izimpawu zokuphinda ivele. Imibhalo kumele iphelele, okuhlanganisa okutholakele ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, imfundo enikeziwe, ukubandakanyeka komndeni, kanye nezinhlelo zokulandelela. Amarekhodi amahle azokwenza kube lula ukusebenzisana nomhlinzeki wezempilo. izinsizakalo zezempilo abanye futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa.
Izinselele Namasu Okunqoba
Ukuphathwa kokubeletha kwe-schizophrenia kuvame ukubhekana nezinselele ezifana nokucwaswa, ukwenqaba ukwelashwa, ukwesekwa okulinganiselwe komndeni, kanye nengozi yobudlova. Amasu ababelethisi abangawasebenzisa afaka phakathi ukusungula ubudlelwano bokwelapha, ukuhlinzeka ngemfundo engahluleli, ukubandakanya abantu ababalulekile emndenini, kanye nokuqinisekisa inethiwekhi yokudlulisela esebenzayo. Ababelethisi nabo badinga ukugcina ukuphepha komuntu siqu ngokulandela izinqubo zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi uma isiguli sibonisa izimpawu zolaka.
Isiphetho
Ukuphathwa kokunakekelwa kwababelethisi be-schizophrenia kudinga indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa izici zokubelethisa kanye nempilo yengqondo. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele, ukuhlela okuhlelekile, ukubambisana nodokotela wezifo zengqondo, kanye nokubandakanyeka komndeni kubalulekile. Umgomo wokugcina wokunakekelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komama nomntwana, ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwesifo, kanye nokusekela isiguli. inqubo yomsebenzi kuphephile, futhi kusize omama ukuthi baphathe izindima zabo zobuzali ngokusekelwa okwanele. Ngezinsizakalo ezinozwela, ezihleliwe, nezisebenzisanayo, abesifazane abane-schizophrenia basengakwazi ukukhulelwa nokubeletha ngokuphephile nangesithunzi.
