Izindinganiso Zesevisi Yekhemisi Yesibhedlela
Izindinganiso zesevisi yekhemisi yasesibhedlela ziyiziqondiso zezinga eliphansi lekhwalithi okumele amayunithi ekhemisi ahlangabezane nalo lapho ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zemithi. Lezi zindinganiso zibalulekile ngoba amakhemisi akhonza okungaphezu nje "kwabahlinzeki bemithi" kodwa futhi njengengxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuqinisekisa ukwelashwa kwesiguli okuphephile, okusebenzayo, nokunengqondo. Izinsizakalo zemithi zekhwalithi zithinta ngqo ukuphepha kwesiguli, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nemiphumela yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe kanye nokwaneliseka kwesiguli.
Incazelo kanye nobubanzi bezinsizakalo zekhemisi zasesibhedlela
Izinsizakalo zekhemisi zasezibhedlela zihlanganisa yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nokuphathwa kwemithi, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, kanye nezinto zezokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nezinsizakalo zekhemisi zezokwelapha zeziguli. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa ukuhlela izidingo, ukuthengwa, ukugcinwa, ukusatshalaliswa, izinsizakalo zemithi kadokotela, ukuhlinzekwa kolwazi lwemithi, ukuqapha ukwelashwa ngemithi, kanye nemisebenzi yemfundo nokwelulekwa. Osokhemisi basezibhedlela nabo bahilelekile ezinhlelweni zekhwalithi, ukuphathwa kwezingozi , kanye nemisebenzi yokuvimbela amaphutha emithi.
Izinhloso Zezindinganiso Zezinsizakalo Zemithi
Inhloso eyinhloko yezindinganiso zesevisi yekhemisi yasesibhedlela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsizakalo zemithi zenziwa njalo, zibhalwe phansi, futhi zihambisana nezimiso zesayensi kanye nemithethonqubo esebenzayo. Ngokuqondile, amazinga ahlose:
1. Qinisekisa ukuphepha kwesiguli ngokuphathwa kahle kwemithi, ukuqapha imiphumela emibi, kanye nokuvimbela ukusebenzisana kwemithi.
2. Khulisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zithola imithi efanele, umthamo ofanele, indlela efanele yokusebenzisa, nangesikhathi esifanele.
3. Khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngendlela enengqondo ukuze kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile, ukusetshenziswa kabi, kanye nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa.
4. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesibhedlela ngokuphathwa kahle kwempahla egciniwe, ukukhetha imithi efanele, kanye nokulawula izindleko zemithi.
5. Ukwandisa ukwaneliseka kwesiguli ngokuxhumana okucacile, imfundo, kanye nensizakalo esheshayo neyobungcweti.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zezindinganiso Zesevisi Yezokwelapha
Ngokuvamile, amazinga esevisi yekhemisi yasesibhedlela angahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: amazinga okuphatha kanye namazinga esevisi yekhemisi yezokwelapha.
1. Izindinganiso Zokuphathwa Kwemithi Nezinto Zokwelapha
Ukuphathwa kwempahla yemithi kuhilela inqubo ehlelekile kusukela phezulu kuya phansi.
a. Izidingo zokuhlela
Ukuhlela kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kudatha yokusetshenziswa, amaphethini esifo, ifomula yesibhedlela, kanye nokucabangela izinhlelo zezokwelapha kanye nokutholakala kwesabelomali. Ukuhlela okuhle kuvimbela ukuphela kwemithi futhi kugwema ukuqongelela okusengozini yokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
b. Ukuthengwa kwempahla
Ukuthengwa kwempahla kumele kube sobala, kuhambisane nemithethonqubo, futhi kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukukhethwa kwabaphakeli kusekelwe emthethweni, ekuqinisekisweni kwekhwalithi, ekulethweni ngesikhathi, kanye nekhono lokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ngokwezincazelo.
c. Ukwamukelwa nokuhlolwa
Yonke imithi etholakele kumele ihlolwe ukuthi inani elifanele, inombolo yebhetshi, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, isimo sokupakisha, kanye nokuhambisana nemibhalo yokuthenga. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ukuvimbela ukungena kwemikhiqizo eyonakele noma engaphansi kwekhwalithi.
d. Isitoreji
Indawo yokugcina kumele ihambisane nezidingo zokuzinza: izinga lokushisa legumbi, uchungechunge olubandayo, ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni, kanye namalungiselelo akhethekile ezidakamizwa/izidakamizwa zengqondo. Izimiso ze-FEFO (First Expired First Out) kanye ne-FIFO (First In First Out) kumele zisetshenziswe. Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa nomswakama okuvamile kumele kubhalwe phansi.
e. Ukusatshalaliswa
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezidakamizwa kumayunithi ezinsizakalo (isiguli esingalaliswa esibhedlela, isiguli esilaliswe esibhedlela, igumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo, iyunithi yokunakekelwa okujulile, igumbi lokuhlinza) kumele kube okusheshayo, okunembile, futhi okulandelelekayo. Izinhlelo zokusabalalisa zingafaka imithi kadokotela yesiguli ngasinye, imithamo yeyunithi, noma isitokwe esiqashwe ngokucophelela. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi ifinyelela iziguli ngendlela efanele nangokuphephile.
f. Ukulawula nokubhubhisa
Imithi eyonakele/ephelelwe yisikhathi kumele ihlukaniswe, iqoshwe, futhi ibhujiswe ngokwezinqubo. Ukulawula kuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwesitoko, ukubika ngokulahlekelwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwemithi ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi.
2. Izindinganiso Zesevisi Yekhemisi Yezokwelapha
Ikhemisi lezokwelapha libeka osokhemisi njengabalingani beqembu lezokwelapha ekwenzeni ngcono ukwelashwa.
a. Ukubuyekezwa kwemithi kadokotela
Osokhemisi bahlola ukufaneleka kwemithi: izinkomba, umthamo, imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa, ukungezwani komzimba okungenzeka, ukusebenzisana, ukuphindwa kokwelashwa, iziphazamiso, kanye nokufaneleka kwesimo sesiguli (ubudala, ukusebenza kwezinso/kwesibindi). Uma kutholakala izinkinga ezingaba khona, osokhemisi baxhumana nodokotela ukuze bacaciselwe noma banikeze izincomo.
b. Ukukhishwa nokulungiswa kwemithi
Ukulungiselela imithi kumele kuhambisane nezimiso "zesiguli esifanele, umuthi ofanele, umthamo ofanele, isikhathi esifanele, indlela efanele, kanye nemibhalo efanele." Kumalungiselelo angenamagciwane (njengokujova okuthile), amasu okubulala amagciwane kumele asetshenziswe, futhi izindawo ezifana negumbi elihlanzekile noma ukuhamba komoya okuphansi kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso, uma zikhona.
c. Ulwazi kanye nemfundo ngezidakamizwa
Osokhemisi banikeza odokotela, abahlengikazi kanye neziguli ulwazi olunembile lwemithi. Imfundo ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, imiphumela emibi, ukugcinwa kwayo, ukunamathela kuyo, kanye nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma umthamo uphuthelwa. Ezigulini ezingamahlalakhona, ukwelulekwa kusiza ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwemithi futhi kuthuthukise ukulawulwa kwezifo.
d. Ukuqapha ukwelashwa ngemithi
Osokhemisi baqapha impendulo yokwelapha, imiphumela emibi, kanye nezenzakalo ezimbi. Ukuqapha kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okufanele, ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso, kanye nezincomo zokushintsha ukwelashwa.
e. Ukubika imiphumela emibi kanye namaphutha emithi
Ingxenye ebalulekile yale nqubo ukubika nokuhlaziya i-Adverse Events (AEs), i-Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), kanye nezehlakalo zamaphutha emithi. Ukubika akuhloselwe ukusola, kodwa kunalokho ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuvimbela izehlakalo ezifanayo ukuthi zingaphinde zenzeke ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela.
f. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemithi
Uma iziguli zingeniswa, zidluliselwa kwamanye amakamelo, futhi zikhishwa, osokhemisi benza ukubuyisana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlu lwemithi yesiguli lunembile futhi luhambisana. Le nqubo ivimbela ukuyeka imithi ngengozi, ukuphindaphindwa, noma ukusebenzisana okulimazayo okubangelwa izinguquko zesimiso.
Izinsiza kanye Nezindawo Ezisekelayo
Ukusebenzisa amazinga ezinsizakalo zemithi kudinga izinsizakusebenza zabantu nezanele. Izibhedlela kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi kukhona osokhemisi abanekhono kanye nochwepheshe bemithi, ukuhlukaniswa okucacile kwemisebenzi, kanye nokuqeqeshwa okuvamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo ezisekelayo ezifana nohlelo lolwazi lwemithi, indawo yokugcina eyanele, imishini yokuqapha izinga lokushisa, kanye nezinqubo zomsebenzi ezibhaliwe (ama-SOP) kumele zitholakale futhi zisetshenziswe.
Ubuchwepheshe budlala indima ekhulayo, isibonelo ukusetshenziswa kwe-Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE), ukuphathwa kwemithi yebhakhodi, kanye nezinhlelo zesitoko ezihlanganisiwe ukunciphisa amaphutha nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Izinkomba Zekhwalithi Yesevisi Yemithi
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga ayasetshenziswa, izibhedlela zidinga ukusungula izinkomba zekhwalithi, isibonelo:
– Amaphesenti okutholakala kwemithi ebalulekile/eyefomula.
– Isikhathi sokulinda izinsizakalo zikadokotela ezingadingi ukwelashwa esibhedlela.
– Amaphesenti ezigameko zamaphutha emithi abikiwe futhi alandelwa.
- Ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kokubuyekezwa kwemithi kadokotela.
– Inani lemisebenzi yokufundisa/yokweluleka iziguli.
– Amaphesenti emithi ephelelwe yisikhathi kuya esitokweni sonke.
Idatha yezinkomba ihlaziywa njalo njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi okuqhubekayo.
Izinselele kanye Nemizamo Yokuthuthukisa
Izinselele ezivamile ezinsizakalweni zekhemisi zasezibhedlela zifaka phakathi izinsizakusebenza zabantu ezilinganiselwe, umthwalo omningi womsebenzi, izinguquko zefomula, imikhawulo yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, kanye nengozi yamaphutha ngenxa yokuxhumana okungasebenzi kahle. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinselele, izibhedlela zidinga ukuqinisa ukubambisana phakathi kochwepheshe, zithuthukise izinhlelo zokubhala imibhalo, zandise ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, futhi zithuthukise isiko lokuphepha kweziguli.
I-Penutup
Izindinganiso zesevisi yekhemisi yasesibhedlela ziyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa kwemithi okuphephile, okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, nokugxile esigulini. Ngokuphathwa kwemithi okuhlelekile, ikhemisi elisebenzayo lezokwelapha, kanye nohlelo lwekhwalithi olulinganiswayo, izibhedlela zinganciphisa ingozi yamaphutha emithi, zandise ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa, futhi zinikeze ulwazi olungcono lwesiguli. Ekugcineni, ikhemisi yasesibhedlela akuyona nje iyunithi yokusekela, kodwa iyinsika ebalulekile yempumelelo yezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwempilo jikelele.
Uma ufisa, ngingalungisa lesi sihloko ukuze sihambisane nemithetho ethile (isib., uMthethonqubo kaNgqongqoshe Wezempilo mayelana nezinsizakalo zemithi ezibhedlela), ngifake uhlu lwezincwadi, noma ngenze inguqulo yezemfundo enesakhiwo sesingeniso-izindlela-ingxoxo-isiphetho.
