Ukuthobela Isiguli Ukwelashwa Ngezidakamizwa
Ukunamathela kwesiguli ekwelashweni ngemithi kuyindlela ukuziphatha kwesiguli—ekuphuzeni imithi, ukulandela ishejuli, umthamo, indlela yokuphathwa kwayo, kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa—kuhambisana ngayo nezincomo zomhlinzeki wezempilo. Lesi sihloko singase sibonakale silula, kodwa sinomthelela omkhulu empumelelweni yokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa okubonakala kusebenza ephepheni kungaba yinto engeyinhle uma isiguli singakuthathi ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, ukunamathela akuyona nje indaba yokuzithiba kwesiguli, kodwa kunalokho kuwumphumela wokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwesiguli, isifo, imithi, uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nendawo yomphakathi.
Kungani ukunamathela ekwelashweni ngemithi kubalulekile?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokunikezwa kwemithi ukufeza umphumela wezokwelapha ofiselekayo: ukuqeda izimpawu, ukulawula izifo, ukuvimbela izinkinga, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ethuthukisiwe. Uma imithi ithathwa ngokungajwayelekile, imithamo ivame ukweqiwa, noma ukwelashwa kuyekwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amazinga emithi emzimbeni angase angafinyeleli emazingeni okwelapha. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sifo singaqhubeka noma sibe sibi kakhulu.
Ezifweni ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, i-asthma, i-HIV, kanye nezinkinga zengqondo, ukunamathela kuyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwezifo zesikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, iziguli azivamile ukungabi nazimpawu, okuzenza zikholelwe ukuthi imithi ayibalulekile. Kodwa-ke, umfutho wegazi ongalawuleki wandisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwezinso, nezinye izinkinga. Okwamanje, ngokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, ukunamathela kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amagciwane aqedwa ngokuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa okungaphelele kungandisa ingozi yokubuyela emuva kanye nokumelana nama-antimicrobial, inkinga yezempilo yomhlaba wonke.
Izici ezithonya ukuthobela imithetho yesiguli
Ukuthobela imithetho akuvamile ukuthonywa yinto eyodwa. Ngokuvamile kunezimbangela eziningana ezihlobene:
1. Izici zesiguli nezengqondo
Ukuntuleka kolwazi mayelana nesifo kanye nemithi, ukwethemba ukwelashwa, isisusa, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nezici zokuqonda (isib., ukukhohlwa kubantu asebekhulile) kunganciphisa ukunamathela. Ezinye iziguli zesaba nokuthembela, zesaba "ukulimala kwezinso," noma zibona ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali njengokuyingozi.
2. Izici zezifo
Izimo ezingabonakali (njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma i-dyslipidemia) zivame ukuholela iziguli ekukholweni ukuthi azidingi ukuthatha imithi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo ezinezimpawu ezinzima zingandisa ukunamathela—yize kwezinye iziguli, imiphumela emibi noma ukukhathala okuvela ekwelashweni empeleni kuyakunciphisa.
3. Izici zezidakamizwa
Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi (imithi eminingi, imithamo eminingi nsuku zonke), amaphilisi amakhulu, ukunambitheka okungathandeki, noma izindlela zokuphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi (isb., ama-inhaler) kungaphazamisa ukunamathela. Imiphumela emibi efana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, isiyezi, ukozela, noma ukuphazamiseka kwesisu nakho kuyizizathu ezivamile zokuba iziguli ziyeke imithi.
4. Abasebenzi bezempilo kanye nezici zokuxhumana
Indlela udokotela, umhlengikazi, noma usokhemisi abachaza ngayo ukwelashwa ibalulekile. Imiyalelo esheshayo kakhulu, ulimi lwezokwelapha olunzima, noma ukuntuleka kwamathuba okubuza imibuzo kweziguli kungaholela ekungaqondani kahle. Ukuntuleka kwemfudumalo kanye nokuntuleka kozwela ebudlelwaneni bezokwelapha nakho kungenza iziguli zingabaze ukulandela izincomo.
5. Izici zezempilo kanye nezenhlalo-zomnotho
Izindleko zemithi, ukutholakala ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo, ibanga eliya emakhemisi/emitholampilo, imigqa emide, kanye nokumbozwa okulinganiselwe komshuwalense wezempilo nakho kuyasiza. Ukusekelwa komndeni kanye nokwezenhlalo nakho kubalulekile; iziguli ezihlala zodwa noma ezingenalo ukwesekwa zivame ukukhohlwa kakhulu futhi zingaguquguquki.
Izindlela ezivamile zokungalandeli imithetho
Ukungalandeli imithetho akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi “ungawuthathi nhlobo umuthi.” Ezinye izindlela ezivamile zifaka:
– Ukukhohlwa ukuphuza imithi ngesikhathi esithile.
– Nciphisa noma wandise umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana.
– Yeka imithi uma uzizwa ungcono.
– Ukungagcwalisi incwadi kadokotela ngenxa yezindleko noma ukuzizwa ungadingekile.
– Ukuthatha imithi hhayi ngokwemithetho (isibonelo, kufanele ithathwe ngaphambi kokudla, kodwa ngemva kokudla).
– Ukuhlanganisa imithi nemithi/izithasiselo ezithile zamakhambi ngaphandle kokwazisa abasebenzi bezempilo, ngaleyo ndlela kubeke engcupheni ukusebenzisana kwemithi.
Ukuqonda lezi zindlela kubalulekile ukuze ukungenelela okuhlinzekwayo kuqondiswe ngqo.
Umthelela wokungalandeli imithetho ezigulini nasemphakathini
Imiphumela eqondile ezigulini ihlanganisa ukwehluleka kokwelashwa, ukubuyela emuva kwesifo, izinkinga, kanye nokwanda kwamazinga okulaliswa esibhedlela. Ukungalandeli imithetho nakho kungabhebhethekisa ukuqhubeka kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona, kudinge imithi eminingi noma izinqubo zezokwelapha ezihlaselayo kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nezindleko, izindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo ziyanda ngoba ukulawulwa kabi kwezifo kuvame ukudinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, ukuvakashelwa njalo, noma ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
Ezingeni lomphakathi, ukungalandeli imithetho yama-antibiotic kunomthelela ekumelaneni namagciwane. Ukumelana namagciwane kuholela ekukhetheni ama-antibiotic okulinganiselwe, izindleko eziphezulu zokwelapha, kanye nokufa okwandisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungalandeli imithetho yezifo ezithile ezithathelwanayo kungandisa ingozi yokudluliselwa.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuhambisana nokwelashwa ngemithi
Ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kudinga indlela enengqondo, enozwela, negxile esigulini. Amanye amasu abonakale ewusizo afaka:
1. Imfundo ecacile neyomuntu siqu
Iziguli kudingeka ziqonde ukuthi kungani imithi yazo ibalulekile, ukuthi ziyisebenzisa kanjani, nokuthi ziqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani ziyithatha. Izincazelo kufanele zenziwe ngolimi olulula futhi zifake izibonelo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangacela iziguli ukuthi ziphinde imiyalelo (zifundise) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyayiqonda.
2. Yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa imithi
Uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa imithamo ethathwa kanye ngosuku, inhlanganisela yemithamo engaguquki, noma unciphise inani lemithi engadingeki. Uma uhlelo lomuthi lulula, kulapho amathuba okuhambisana nesiguli eba ngcono khona.
3. Ukuphatha imiphumela emibi kanye nezithiyo ezingokoqobo
Imiphumela emibi ivame ukuba yimbangela eyinhloko yokuthi iziguli ziyeke ukwelashwa. Abahlinzeki bezempilo kufanele baxoxe ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona, ukuthi bangayiphatha kanjani, nokuthi babuye nini ukuze balandelelwe. Ngale ndlela, iziguli ngeke zesabe futhi ziyeke ukuthatha imithi yazo zodwa.
4. Izikhumbuzo namathuluzi
Ibhokisi lamaphilisi, i-alamu yocingo, uhlelo lokusebenza lokukhumbuza, noma ikhalenda kungasiza iziguli ezivame ukukhohlwa. Ezigulini esezikhulile, ukusekelwa komndeni noma abanakekeli kubalulekile.
5. Ukwakha ubudlelwano bokwelapha kanye nezinqumo ezihlanganyelwe
Ukuthobela imithetho kuyathuthuka lapho iziguli zizizwa zilalelwe futhi zihilelekile. Ukuxoxa ngezintandokazi zesiguli, indlela yokuphila, kanye nezinto ezikhathazayo kwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa lube olufaneleke kakhulu futhi olusebenzisekayo. Ukwenza izinqumo ngokuhlanganyela kusiza iziguli zizizwe zilawula.
6. Ukuqapha nokulandelela
Ukuhlolwa njalo, izingcingo zokulandelela, noma ukubonisana nabezokwelapha kungabona izinkinga ngokushesha—isibonelo, uma isiguli sinenkinga yokuthenga imithi noma sibhekene nemiphumela ethile emibi. Ukuqapha okulula, njengokuqopha umfutho wegazi noma ushukela wegazi ekhaya, nakho kungandisa ugqozi ngoba iziguli zibona imiphumela ebonakalayo.
Indima yomndeni nomphakathi
Imindeni ingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imithi ithathwa njalo, ikhumbuze iziguli ngezikhathi ezibekiwe, iziphelezele lapho ziyohlolwa, futhi inikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Emphakathini, imfundo yezempilo enikezwa yizikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi, izisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi, noma izinhlelo zokuphatha izifo ezingamahlalakhona ingathuthukisa ulwazi lwezempilo futhi inciphise ukucwaswa, ikakhulukazi kwezifo ezibucayi njenge-HIV noma izifo zengqondo.
Isiphetho
Ukunamathela kwesiguli ekwelashweni ngemithi kuyisici esibalulekile empumelelweni yokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezingamahlalakhona kanye nokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside. Ukunganamatheli akuyona nje iphutha lesiguli, kodwa kunalokho kuwumphumela wezici eziningi: ubunzima bemithi, ukuxhumana kwabahlinzeki bezempilo, izimo zenhlalo nezomnotho, kanye nokuqonda kwesiguli. Ngemfundo efanele, uhlelo olulula, ukwesekwa komndeni, kanye nohlelo lwesevisi olusiza ekufinyeleleni imithi, ukunamathela kungathuthukiswa. Ekugcineni, ukunamathela akukhona nje ukuthatha imithi ngesikhathi, kodwa mayelana nokwakha ukubambisana okuqinile phakathi kweziguli nabahlinzeki bezempilo ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono yezokwelapha kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ethuthukisiwe.
