Izisekelo Zomnotho Wezezimali
Umnotho wezezimali ugatsha lwezomnotho olufunda ubudlelwano phakathi kwezici zezimali, njengemali, amazinga enzalo, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezikweletu, kanye nendlela inqubomgomo yezezimali esetshenziswa ngayo amabhange amakhulu ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzinza komnotho wezwe. Ukuqonda izisekelo zomnotho wezezimali kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuguquguquka komnotho jikelele.
Ukubaluleka Kwemali Kwezomnotho
Imali idlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wanamuhla . Njengendlela yokushintshana, imali yenza ukuthengiselana kwezomnotho kwenzeke kalula kunesistimu yokushintshana. Ngaphandle kokuba yindlela yokushintshana, imali iphinde isebenze njengeyunithi ye-akhawunti kanye nesitolo senani. Ngamanye amazwi, imali isivumela ukuthi silungise amanani ezimpahla nezinsizakalo futhi sigcine ingcebo ngendlela ewuketshezi futhi edluliselwa kalula.
Izinhlobo Zemali
Izinhlobo zemali zingahlukaniswa zibe yimali yezimpahla kanye nemali ye-fiat. Imali yezimpahla yimali enenani elingaphakathi, njengegolide noma isiliva, esetshenziswa ekuhwebeni. Okwamanje, imali ye-fiat ayinanani elingaphakathi kodwa iyaziswa ngoba inani layo linqunywa uhulumeni, njengemali yephepha esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke.
Ibhange Eliphakathi kanye Nenqubomgomo Yezimali
Ibhange eliphakathi liyisikhungo esinomthwalo wokulawula nokwengamela uhlelo lwezimali lwezwe. Enye yemisebenzi eyinhloko yebhange eliphakathi ukulawula ukunikezwa kwemali kanye namazinga enzalo ngenqubomgomo yemali. Lezi zenzo zihlose ukufeza imigomo yezomnotho njengokuzinza kwentengo, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuphansi, kanye nokukhula komnotho okusimeme .
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zenqubomgomo yezimali ezingasetshenziswa yibhange eliphakathi:
1. Inqubomgomo Yezimali Eyandisayo:
– Inhloso: Ukwandisa inani lemali esetshenziswayo.
- Izinsimbi:
– Ukwehliswa kwenzalo.
– Ukuthengwa kwezibambiso.
– Ukwehla kwesilinganiso semfuneko yokugcina.
– Umthelela: Kukhuthaza umnotho ngokwandisa utshalomali kanye nokusetshenziswa.
2. Inqubomgomo Yezimali Engavumelani:
– Inhloso: Ukunciphisa inani lemali esetshenziswayo.
- Izinsimbi:
– Ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo.
- Ukuthengiswa kwezibambiso.
– Ukwanda kwesilinganiso semfuneko yokugcina.
– Umthelela: Ukulawula ukukhuphuka kwamanani ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali.
Indlela Yokudlulisela Inqubomgomo Yezimali
Inqubomgomo yezimali ithonya umnotho ngezindlela ezahlukene zokudlulisela, okuhlanganisa:
1. Isiteshi Sezinga Lenzalo:
Inqubomgomo yesilinganiso senzalo ithinta izindleko zokuboleka nokonga. Lapho amazinga enzalo ehla, ukuboleka kuba ngeshibhile, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho amazinga enzalo enyuka, ukuboleka kuba ngentengo ephansi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokusetshenziswa.
2. Iziteshi Zesikweletu:
Inqubomgomo yezimali ingathinta ikhono lamabhange lokukhulisa isikweletu. Inqubomgomo yokwandisa ikhulisa ukutholakala kwesikweletu, kuyilapho inqubomgomo yokunciphisa iqinisa.
3. Isiteshi Sezinga Lokushintshanisa:
Izinguquko emazingeni enzalo nazo zithinta amazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali. Amanani enzalo aphezulu avame ukuheha utshalomali lwangaphandle, andise isidingo semali yasekhaya, futhi aqinise izinga lokushintshaniswa kwemali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazinga enzalo aphansi angenza buthaka izinga lokushintshaniswa kwemali.
4. Isiteshi Sentengo Yempahla:
Inqubomgomo yezimali iphinde ithinte amanani empahla njengezabelo kanye nempahla. Uma amazinga enzalo ephansi, amanani empahla avame ukukhuphuka ngenxa yezindleko zezimali eziphansi.
5. Isiteshi Sokulindela:
Inqubomgomo yezimali nayo ithonya okulindelwe umphakathi mayelana nezimo zomnotho zesikhathi esizayo. Okulindelwe okuhle kakhulu kungakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, kanti okulindelwe okubi kungakunciphisa ijubane. ukukhula komnotho.
Izinselele kuNqubomgomo Yezimali
Nakuba inqubomgomo yezimali iyithuluzi elinamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunezinselelo. Ezinye zezinselelo amabhange amakhulu avame ukubhekana nazo yilezi:
1. Ukulibala Kwesikhathi:
Imiphumela yenqubomgomo yezimali ayisheshi futhi ithatha isikhathi ukubonakala emnothweni. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuhlola ukuthi le nqubomgomo isebenza kahle kangakanani nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
2. Ukushintshana:
Inqubomgomo yezimali ivame ukubhekana nokuhwebelana phakathi kwezinhloso ezahlukene. Isibonelo, inqubomgomo yokunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo ingaholela ekwandeni kokungasebenzi esikhathini esifushane.
3. Ukuhwebelana Komhlaba Wonke:
Esikhathini sokuhlanganiswa komhlaba wonke, umnotho wezwe uhlanganiswa kakhulu nomnotho womhlaba wonke. Lokhu kwenza inqubomgomo yezimali ibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengoba kumele icabangele imiphumela yomhlaba wonke.
4. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphansi:
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, amazwe amaningana athuthukile abe nezikhathi zokwehla kwamandla emali okuphansi kakhulu noma ngisho nokwehla kwamandla emali. Lesi simo siye saphonsela amabhange amakhulu inselelo yokuthola izindlela ezintsha zokukhuthaza umnotho.
Ukuqaliswa kanye Nezifundo Zecala
Inqubomgomo yezimali isetshenziswa amabhange amakhulu ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi achazwe ngaphambilini. Izwe ngalinye lingase libe nendlela ehlukile yenqubomgomo yezimali, kuye ngezimo zalo zomnotho.
I-United States: I-Federal Reserve
I-Federal Reserve inemigomo emibili eyinhloko: ukuzinza kwentengo kanye nokwandisa amathuba emisebenzi. Ngesikhathi senkinga yezezimali ka-2008, i-Fed yehlisa amazinga enzalo yaze yacishe yaba yi-zero futhi yaqala uhlelo lokunciphisa inani ukuze ikhuthaze umnotho.
I-Indonesia: Ibhange lase-Indonesia
I-Bank Indonesia (BI) ihlose ukufeza nokugcina uzinzo lwe-rupiah. Enye inqubomgomo evelele ukuqondiswa kokwehla kwamandla emali, lapho i-BI ibeka khona umgomo wokwehla kwamandla emali njengesiqondiso senqubomgomo yezimali.
Isiphetho
Umnotho wezezimali uhlaka olubalulekile lokuqonda ukuguquguquka komnotho. Indima yebhange eliphakathi, indlela yokudlulisela imali, kanye nokuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo yezimali kuyisihluthulelo sokufinyelela ukuzinza komnotho. Naphezu kwezinselelo zayo, inqubomgomo yezezimali isalokhu iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuqondiseni umnotho wezwe.
Ngokuqonda okujulile izisekelo zomnotho wezezimali, singaqonda kangcono ukuthi izici zezimali zithinta kanjani impilo yansuku zonke kanye nomnotho wonkana.
