Izinzuzo Zokubalwa Kwezimali Kwezinkampani
Ukubalwa kwezimali kuvame ukuqondwa njengokuqopha imali engenayo kanye nezindleko. Kodwa-ke, emikhubeni yebhizinisi yanamuhla, ukubalwa kwezimali kudlala indima ebanzi kakhulu. Ukubalwa kwezimali "ulimi lwebhizinisi" olusiza izinkampani ukuqonda isimo sazo sezezimali, ukuhlola ukusebenza, ukuhlela amasu, nokwenza izinqumo ezinemiphumela yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kohlelo lokubalwa kwezimali oluqinile, inkampani ibizosebenza ngaphandle kwekhampasi: kungaba nzima ukunquma ukuthi ibhizinisi linenzuzo ngempela yini, yiziphi izindawo ezichitha imali, nokuthi ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi.
Okulandelayo izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene zokubalwa kwezimali ezinkampanini, ezincane, eziphakathi nezinkulu.
1. Ukwethula Ulwazi Lwezezimali Oluhlelekile Nolunembile
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokubalwa kwezimali ukuhlinzekwa kolwazi lwezezimali ngendlela ehlelekile. Ngenqubo yokurekhoda, ukuhlukanisa, ukufingqa, kanye nokubika, inkampani ingaqonda ngokucacile isimo sayo sezezimali. Lolu lwazi luvame ukwethulwa ezitatimendeni zezimali ezifana nesitatimende semali engenayo, ibhalansi, isitatimende sokugeleza kwemali, kanye nesitatimende sezinguquko kumasheya.
Ngokubika okuhlanzekile nokunembile, abaphathi bangabona isithombe esiphelele: ukuthi ingakanani imali engenayo etholakalayo, yiziphi izindleko ezitholwayo, zingaki izimpahla ezinazo, nokuthi zingaki izikweletu ezikweletwayo. Lolu lwazi oluhlelekile lunikeza isisekelo sokwenza izinqumo, lugwema ukuthembela kuphela ezilinganisweni noma ekwazini.
2. Ukusiza Ukwenziwa Kwezinqumo Zokuphatha
Izinkampani zenza izinqumo nsuku zonke: ukubeka amanani okuthengisa, ukwengeza abasebenzi, ukuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa ezengeziwe, ukuvula amagatsha amasha, noma ukuyeka imikhiqizo engenzi nzuzo. Ukubalwa kwezimali kusiza lezi zinqumo ukuthi ziqondiswe kudatha.
Isibonelo, ngesitatimende semali engenayo, abaphathi bangahlola ukuthi inkampani ikhiqiza ngempela inzuzo engenayo noma imane ikhombisa ukwanda kokuthengisa. Ngokuhlaziywa kwezindleko, inkampani ingahlonza izindleko ezinkulu futhi ithole izindlela zokuzinciphisa. Okwamanje, isitatimende sokuhamba kwemali sisiza ukuhlola ikhono lenkampani lokukhokha izibopho zesikhashana, njengemiholo kanye nama-akhawunti akhokhwayo.
Izinqumo ezisekelwa idatha yokubalwa kwezimali zivame ukuba nembaba, zilinganiseke kakhudlwana, futhi zinciphise ubungozi bokuphutha.
3. Ukulawula Nokuphatha Izimali Zenkampani
Ukubalwa kwezimali kudlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni kwangaphakathi. Ngohlelo oluhle lokugcina amarekhodi, izinkampani zingaqapha ukuhamba kwemali, ziqinisekise ukuthengiselana, futhi zivimbele ukungahambi kahle.
Isibonelo, ukuqoshwa kwemali kwansuku zonke kungasiza ekuboneni ukungafani phakathi kwemali okufanele ibe khona nemali ekhona ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukanisa intela phakathi kwamarisidi emali, ukurekhoda, kanye nokuhlola kungavimbela ukukhwabanisa noma ukukhohlisa. Uma inkampani inkulu, kulapho lezi zilawuli zangaphakathi zibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni izimpahla zayo.
4. Hlola Ukusebenza Kwenkampani Ngobuqotho
Ukubalwa kwezimali kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zilinganise ukusebenza ngendlela eqotho ngezinkomba zezimali. Abaphathi bangaqhathanisa imali engenayo, izindleko, kanye nenzuzo ngezikhathi ezithile (nyanga zonke, njalo ngekota, ngisho nangonyaka). Lokhu kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zithole izitayela: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuthengisa kuyanda, izindleko zokusebenza ziyanda, noma izinzuzo ziyancipha.
Ukubalwa kwezimali kuvumela nokuhlolwa kokusebenza ngokwesigaba noma umkhiqizo. Lokhu kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zithole ukuthi yimaphi amayunithi anikela kakhulu enzuzweni nokuthi yiziphi izindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa. Lokhu kuhlolwa okunenjongo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa akusekelwe kuphela ekucabangeni kodwa nasemaqinisweni.
5. Kusiza Ukuhlela Nokwenza Isabelomali
Ukuhlela ibhizinisi kudinga ukubikezela okungokoqobo. Ukubalwa kwezimali kuhlinzeka ngemininingwane yomlando eyakha isisekelo sokuhlelwa kwesabelomali. Izinkampani zingalinganisa ukuthengisa, izindleko zokukhiqiza, izindleko zokumaketha, ngisho nezindleko zokusebenza ngokusekelwe kumaphethini adlule.
Ngokuhlela isabelomali, izinkampani zingabeka imigomo kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenzisa imali ukuze zilawule kangcono imisebenzi yokusebenza. Uma isabelomali sesikhona, izinkampani zingaqhathanisa isabelomali nemiphumela yangempela (ukuhlaziywa kokuguquguquka). Lokhu kuvumela abaphathi ukuthi baqonde izimbangela zokungafani futhi bathathe isinyathelo sokulungisa ngokushesha.
6. Kusiza Ukuphatha Ukugeleza Kwemali Ukuze Ibhizinisi Lihlale Liphilile
Amabhizinisi amaningi abonakala enenzuzo kodwa ekugcineni ahlushwa ukusinda ngenxa yezinkinga zemali engenayo. Ukubalwa kwezimali kusiza izinkampani ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwenzuzo nemali engenayo engenayo. Inkampani ingase iqophe ukuthengisa okuphezulu, kodwa izinkokhelo ezivela kumakhasimende azikatholakali, okuholela ekutheni imali enganele ukumboza izindleko zokusebenza.
Ngesitatimende sokuhamba kwemali, inkampani ingahlela izinkokhelo zezikweletu, iphathe imali ekhokhwayo ngamakhasimende, ilawule isitokwe, futhi inqume ukuthi kuphephile nini ukutshala imali noma ukwandisa. Ukuphathwa kahle kwemali kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni inkampani ukuthi iphelelwe yimali.
7. Ukugcwalisa Izibopho Zentela kanye Nokuthobela Imithetho
Ukubalwa kwezimali kwenza kube lula ezinkampanini ukubala, ukubika, nokukhokha intela ngokwemithethonqubo. Ngokugcinwa kwezincwadi okunembile, izinkampani zingalungiselela amadokhumenti asekelayo uma kwenzeka ukuhlolwa kwentela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zingahlela ngokusemthethweni intela yazo ukuze zinciphise ingozi yezinhlawulo ngenxa yokubika sekwephuzile noma okungalungile.
Ngaphezu kwezintela, ezinye izinkampani kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile zokubika ngezezimali, njengezinjongo zokuhlola, ukubika abatshalizimali, noma ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo yemboni. Ukubalwa kwezimali kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani zisebenza ngaphakathi komthetho futhi zigweme izinkinga zomthetho.
8. Khulisa Ukwethenjwa Kwabatshalizimali, Ababolekisi, kanye Nabalingani Bebhizinisi
Ukubika kahle ngezezimali kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwenkampani. Abatshalizimali badinga imibiko ukuze bahlole ukufaneleka kwenkampani. Amabhange nezikhungo zezimali bathembele kudatha yokubalwa kwezimali lapho behlola ukufaneleka kwesikweletu. Abalingani bebhizinisi nabo bavame ukuba nokwethemba okwengeziwe ezinkampanini ezinokuphathwa okusobala nokuhlelekile.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukubalwa kwezimali kuyithuluzi lokuxhumana elibonisa ubungcweti benkampani. Uma imibiko yezezimali ilungiswa ngokwezindinganiso futhi inesibopho, amathuba okuthola uxhaso lwezimali, utshalomali, noma ubudlelwano obunesu makhulu.
9. Kusiza Ekunqumeni Amanani Ezindleko Namasu Okubeka Amanani
Ukubalwa kwezindleko kusiza izinkampani ukuthi zinqume izindleko zangempela zokukhiqiza umkhiqizo noma isevisi. Izinkampani zingabala izindleko zezimpahla ezikhiqizwe (COGS), okuhlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, abasebenzi, kanye nezindleko zokukhokha ngaphezulu.
Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekunqumeni amanani okuthengisa ancintisanayo kodwa anenzuzo. Ngaphandle kokubala izindleko okunembile, izinkampani zingathengisa okuphansi kakhulu (ukulahlekelwa) noma okuphezulu kakhulu (ukungathengisi). Ngokusekelwa kokubalwa kwezimali, amasu okubeka amanani angenziwa ngokwezimo zemakethe, imigomo yenzuzo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
10. Ukusekela Ukukhula Kwebhizinisi Nokuzinza
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubalwa kwezimali kusiza izinkampani zikhule ngendlela eqondiswe kakhulu. Idatha yokubalwa kwezimali ingasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukutshalwa kwezimali, njengokuthenga imishini emisha, ukuvula igatsha, noma ukuqalisa umkhiqizo omusha. Izinkampani zingabala inzuzo engaba khona, izingozi, kanye nezikhathi zokukhokha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubalwa kwezimali kusiza abaphathi ukuhlaziya impilo yezezimali ngokusebenzisa izilinganiso zezimali ezifana nokungabi namali, ukungabi namali, kanye nenzuzo. Ukuqonda lezi zinkomba kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zilondoloze ukuzinza, zilindele izinkinga, futhi zithuthukise amasu okuzinza kwebhizinisi.
Isiphetho
Ukubalwa kwezimali kungaphezu nje kokugcinwa kwamabhuku; kuyisistimu yolwazi esiza izinkampani ukuphatha izimali zazo ngokuphelele. Izinzuzo zayo zifaka phakathi ukuhlinzeka ngedatha enembile, ukuthuthukisa ukwenza izinqumo, ukulawula kwangaphakathi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, isabelomali, ukuphathwa kwemali engenayo, ukuthobela imithetho yentela kanye nemithetho, ukwandisa ukwethenjwa kwangaphandle, ukunquma amanani afanele, kanye nokusekela ukukhula kwebhizinisi.
Izinkampani ezisebenzisa ukubalwa kwezimali ngempumelelo zizoba nesisekelo esiqinile sokubhekana nokuncintisana, ukugwema izingozi zezimali, nokufeza imigomo yesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali ohlelweni lokubalwa kwezimali—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokusebenzisa izinsizakusebenza zabantu noma ubuchwepheshe bokubalwa kwezimali obunekhono—akuyona nje imali eningi, kodwa kunalokho kuyisinyathelo esihlakaniphile sokuqinisekisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo nokusinda kwenkampani.
