Tlhaloso ea Bokhoni ba li-capacitor
Khalase e nyane e ka ba le metsi a manyane, ha khalase e kgolo e ka ba le metsi a mangata. Ha khalase e le kgolo, metsi a mangata a ka ba le metsi a mangata. Kahoo, khalase ka 'ngoe e na le bokgoni kapa boholo ba bokgoni ba ho ba le metsi. Joalo ka khalase, li-capacitor li ka boela tsa boloka litefiso tsa motlakase le matla a motlakase. Bokhoni ba capacitor ba ho boloka litefiso tsa motlakase le matla a motlakase bo bitsoa capacitance.
Mabaka a amang bokgoni ba ho sebetsa
Boholo ba bokgoni ba khalase ba ho boloka metsi bo laolwa ke bophahamo ba khalase. Ho thoe'ng ka di-capacitor, ke eng e etsang qeto ya boholo ba bokgoni ba capacitor ba ho boloka tjhaja ya motlakase?
Setšoantšo se ka lehlakoreng se bontša capacitor e bonolo e nang le lipoleiti tse peli tse tsamaisang motlakase tse arotsoeng ka sebaka se itseng. Pele li hokeloa mohloling oa motlakase, joalo ka betri, lipoleiti tse peli ha li tjhajwe ka motlakase. Ebe e 'ngoe ea lipoleiti e hokeloa palong e ntle ea betri 'me poleiti e 'ngoe e hokeloa palong e mpe ea betri ho sebelisoa thapo.
Kamora ho hokela palong e ntle ea betri, tjhaja e ntle e betereng e hula dielektrone tse tjhajilweng hampe poleiting e le hore dielektrone di tsamaye palong e ntle ea betri. Sena se etsa hore dipoleiti di hloke dielektrone (tjhaja e mpe) le diprothone tse ngata (tjhaja e ntle) e le hore dipoleiti di tjhajilwe hantle.
Kamora ho hokahanngoa le palo e mpe ea betri, tjhaja e ntle poleiting e hohela lielektrone tse chajileng hampe palong e mpe ea betri e le hore lielektrone li fallele poleiting. Sena se etsa hore poleiti e imelle lielektrone hoo poleiti e chajileng hampe. Ts'ebetso ea ho tsamaisa lielektrone lipakeng tsa lipoleiti le libeteri e emisa kamora hore phapang e ka bang teng pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli e lekana le phapang e ka bang teng pakeng tsa lipalo tse peli tsa betri.
O eketsa tjhaja ya motlakase jwang hodima dipoleiti tse pedi tsa conductor? Ka mantswe a mang, ho lokela ho etswa eng ho fetisetsa dielektrone ho ya le ho tswa palong e ntle ya betri? Ho falla ha dielektrone ho etsahala feela ha phapang ya bokgoni ba motlakase pakeng tsa dipalo tse pedi tsa betri e le kgolo ho feta phapang ya bokgoni ba motlakase pakeng tsa di-conductor tse pedi. E le hore elektrone e tsamaye hape e le hore tjhaja ya motlakase poleiting e nngwe le e nngwe ya conductor e eketsehe, betri e sebediswang e nkelwa sebaka ke mohlodi o mong wa motlakase o nang le phapang e kgolo ya bokgoni ba motlakase. Ho falla ha dielektrone ho emisa ha phapang ya bokgoni mohloding wa motlakase e lekana le phapang ya bokgoni ba capacitor. Ka hona, haeba phapang ya bokgoni mohloding wa motlakase e le kgolo ho feta, phapang ya bokgoni ba capacitor le yona e kgolo.
Ho latela tlhahlobo e kaholimo, ho ka fihlelwa qeto ea hore ha tjhaja ea motlakase e bolokiloe ka har'a poleiti e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea conductor e le kholo, phapang ea matla a motlakase pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductor e ba kholo. Kahoo, tjhaja ea motlakase (Q) e lekana le phapang ea matla a motlakase (V). Kamano pakeng tsa tjhaja ea motlakase le phapang ea matla a motlakase e boletsoe papisong e latelang:
Q α V
Lipapiso tse ka holimo li fetoloa hore e be li-equation ka ho eketsa C e sa fetoheng:
Q = CV kapa C = Q / V
Q = tjhaja ya motlakase (Coulomb), V = phapang ya bokgoni ba motlakase kapa motlakase (Volt), C = e sa fetoheng e bitswang capacitance ya capacitor.
Boleng ba capacitance ha bo itshetlehe ka tjhaja ya motlakase le motlakase, empa bo itshetlehile ka sebopeho le boholo ba poleiti ya conductor. Bopaki ba dipalo ba hore capacitance e itshetlehile ka sebopeho le boholo ba poleiti ya conductor bo hlaloswa sehloohong sa capacitor ya poleiti e bapileng. Sehloohong, ho nkuwa hore pakeng tsa di-conductor tse pedi ho na le vacuum.
Bokgoni ba capacitor bo boetse bo itshetlehile ka mofuta wa thepa e pakeng tsa dipoleiti tse pedi tsa conductor. Thepa e pakeng tsa dipoleiti tse pedi tsa conductor e bitswa dielectric. Bokgoni ba di-capacitor tse nang le dielectric bo tshohlwa ka botebo sehloohong sa di-constant tsa dielectric.
Yuniti ea bokhoni
Yuniti ea tjhaja ea motlakase ke Coulomb 'me yuniti ea phapang ea matla a motlakase ke Volt, kahoo seo se ipapisitse le equation ea capacitance e kaholimo. Yuniti ea capacitance ke Coulomb ka Volt (C/V), eo hape e bitsoang Farad (F) e tsoang lebitsong la rasaense oa Leborithane Michael Faraday (1791-1867). Kahoo, 1 Farad = 1 Coulomb/Volt.
Nka hore capacitor e nang le boleng ba 2 Farad e bolela hore capacitor e boloka tjhaja ya motlakase ya +2 Coulombs ho e 'ngoe ea lipoleiti tsa conductor le -2 Coulombs poleiting e 'ngoe ea conductor. Moo lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductor li nang le phapang e ka bang teng ea 1 Volt. Haeba betri ea 12 Volt e hokahantsoe le capacitor, e 'ngoe ea lipoleiti tsa conductor tse tjhajwang ka motlakase ke Q = CV = (2) (12 Volts) = +24 Coulomb ha poleiti e 'ngoe ea conductor e le -24 Coulomb.
Ka kopo hlokomela hore Farad ke yuniti e kgolo ya capacitance hoo hangata e sebediswang e le yuniti e nyane, e leng microfarad e kgutsufaditsweng μF (10 -6 Farad ) kapa picofarad e kgutsufaditsweng e le pF (10 -12 Farad). Dipalo tsa dipalo ho bontsha hore Farad ke yuniti e kgolo, e tshohlwang sehloohong sa capacitor ya poleiti e tshwanang.
