Tekinoroji yekutaurirana ye6G
Tekinoroji yekutaurirana iri kuramba ichifambira mberi nekukurumidza kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe. Mushure me1G, iyo yakaunza mafoni e-analog, 2G, iyo yakaunza SMS, 3G, iyo yakaita kuti internet yefoni ikurumbire, 4G, iyo yakaita kuti vhidhiyo iite tsika, uye 5G, iyo inopa kunonoka kwakaderera uye rutsigiro rwakakura rwemidziyo, nyika ikozvino iri kutarisa padanho rinotevera: 6G. Kunyangwe isati yashandiswa zvakanyanya mukutengeserana, 6G yave chinhu chinonyanya kutsvagurudzwa munyika dzakawanda, mayunivhesiti, nemakambani makuru etekinoroji. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura pfupiso ye6G, zvinangwa zvayo zvekusimudzira, hunhu hukuru, matekinoroji anotsigira, pamwe nematambudziko ayo nemhedzisiro yayo munharaunda.
Chii chinonzi 6G?
6G (chizvarwa chechitanhatu) ndicho chizvarwa chechitanhatu chema network emafoni chinotarisirwa kutsiva 5G, nechinangwa chekupa data rinomhanya zvakanyanya, kunonoka kwakaderera, kugona kukuru, uye kubatanidzwa kwakasimba pakati pe network dzekutaurirana nehuchenjeri hwekugadzira. Kana 5G ichiwanzonzi hwaro hweInternet of Things yemazuva ano (IoT), saka 6G inoonekwa se "network yakangwara" inokwanisa kubatanidza vanhu, michina, masensa, nenzvimbo yedhijitari nenzira yakabatana.
Kufungidzira kwakasiyana-siyana kunoratidza kuti 6G ichatanga kuyedzwa kwakakura mukupera kwemakore a2020 uye inogona kunge iri kutengeswa kunenge muna 2030. Zvisinei, nguva iyi inogona kuchinja zvichienderana nekugadzirira kwetekinoroji, mitemo yepasi rose, uye mari yekudyara muzvivakwa.
Sei tichida 6G?
Mubvunzo unowanzo bvunzwa ndewekuti: kana 5G isati yapararira, sei tava kutofunga nezve 6G? Mhinduro iri muzvinodiwa mune ramangwana. Mumakore mashoma anotevera, huwandu hwezvishandiso zvakabatana hunotarisirwa kuwedzera zvakanyanya, kusanganisira masensa eguta akangwara, mota dzinozvitonga, zvishandiso zvehutano, madrone, marobhoti emuindasitiri, uye kunyange zvishandiso zveAR/VR zvinoda kubatana kwakasimba uye kwenguva chaiyo.
Uyezve, mashandisirwo emangwana haazongove "anokurumidza" chete mupfungwa yebandwidth yakakura, asiwo anoda mhinduro nekukurumidza, kuvimbika kwakanyanya, uye kugona kwenetwork kutonga zviwanikwa otomatiki. 6G inotarisirwa kugadzirisa izvi zvinodiwa, kunyanya kune masevhisi akadai sekuvhiyiwa kuri kure, maindasitiri edhijitari mapatya, kutaurirana kwakachengeteka kwemotokari-ku-zvese (V2X), uye zviitiko zvechokwadi zve metaverse.
Zvinangwa zvikuru zve6G uye hunhu
Kunyange hazvo mitemo yepamutemo ye6G ichiri kukurukurwa, zvinangwa zvakawanda zvinowanzotaurwa mumabhuku ekutsvagisa:
1. Kumhanya kwakanyanya
6G inofungidzirwa kuti ichasvika pakumhanya kwemazana eGbps, kunyange kusvika pa1 Tbps pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Izvi zvichaita kuti kurodha pasi zvinhu zvakakura mumasekonzi uye kuburitswa kwemashoko epamusoro-soro pasina matambudziko.
2. Kunonoka kwakanyanya
Kunyange zvazvo 5G ichida kunonoka kweinenge 1 ms mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, 6G ine chinangwa chekuideredza kusvika kuma sub-milliseconds. Kunonoka kwakanyanya kwakakosha pakudzora marobhoti, mota dzinozvitonga, uye mashandisirwo akakodzera emaindasitiri.
3. Kukwanisa kukuru kwekubatanidza uye huwandu hwezvinhu
6G ichada kushandira mabhiriyoni emidziyo, kusanganisira michina mikuru yeIoT. Izvi zvinoreva kuti network dzinofanira kukwanisa kubata connection dzakawanda panzvimbo imwe neimwe uku dzichichengetedza kushandiswa kwesimba zvakanaka.
4. Kuvimbika kwakasimba uye kuchengetedzeka
Mashandisirwo akakosha anoda kuvimbika kwakanyanya. 6G inotarisirwa kubatanidza kuchengetedzeka kwakakura kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira, kusanganisira nzira dzekusimbisa dzinochinjika uye dzekuvhara.
5. Kubatanidzwa kweAI muma network (network dzeAI-native)
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha pa6G ndechekushandisa njere dzekugadzira (artificial intelligence) sechikamu chikuru chenetwork, kwete kungoshandisawo chete. AI inogona kushandiswa pakugadzirisa ma spectrum, kugadzirisa simba, kugadzirisa zvinofanotaurwa, uye kunyange kugadzirisa traffic yenetwork panguva chaiyo.
Tekinoroji dzinotsigira 6G
Kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zvikuru izvi, 6G inotarisirwa kushandisa musanganiswa wematekinoroji matsva uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudzwa kwe5G.
1. High frequency spectrum: sub-THz uye THz
5G yatove ichishandisa ma millimeter waves (mmWave). 6G ingangowedzera kusvika kuma sub-terahertz ne terahertz (THz). Iyi spectrum inopa bandwidth yakakura, asi ine matambudziko: nzvimbo pfupi, mukana mukuru wekuvharirwa, uye kudiwa kwemagadzirirwo matsva e antenna ne hardware.
2. Maantenna akangwara uye MIMO yakakura yepamusoro
Tekinoroji hombe yeMIMO ichawedzerwa simba kuti igadzire mwenje chaiyo, kuderedza kupindira, uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwespectrum. Maantenna akangwara anogonesa network kuendesa masaini kune vashandisi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda.
3. Nzvimbo Yakangwara Inogadziriswazve (RIS)
RIS inzvimbo "yakangwara" inogona kuratidza nekutungamira mafungu eredhiyo nenzira yakadzorwa. Iyi tekinoroji ine mukana wekubatsira kukunda dambudziko rekuti masaini anovharwa nezvivakwa kana zvimwe zvinodzivisa, ukuwo ichiwedzera huwandu hwemasaini pasina kugara ichiwedzera matura matsva ekutumira maredhiyo.
4. Kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo dzepasi, dzemhepo nedzesatellite
6G inotarisirwa kusimudzira pfungwa yema network e3D: kwete chete nzvimbo dzepasi, asiwo rutsigiro kubva kuma drones, mabharuni emhepo inopisa, uye masateliti e low-lying orbit (LEO). Izvi zvinogona kutsigira kubatana munzvimbo dziri kure, mugungwa, uye munzvimbo dzakawirwa nenjodzi.
5. Kutaurirana nekunzwisisa zvinova chinhu chimwe chete
Pfungwa yeIntegrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) inoita kuti network dzisangotumira data chete asiwo "dzinzwe" nharaunda, semuenzaniso, kuona nzvimbo kana kufamba kwechinhu. Izvi zvinobatsira pamotokari dzinozvishandira dzoga, kuchengetedza, uye mabasa emaindasitiri.
6. Komputa ine simba rakawanda
Kuti kuderedze kunonoka uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabasa ari kuitwa panguva chaiyo, kugadziriswa kwedata kwakawanda kuchaitwa pamucheto, pedyo nemushandisi. Edge computing inobatsira kuderedza kudiwa kwekutumira data kunzvimbo dzedata dziri kure.
Mhedzisiro ye6G muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
Kana 6G ikazadzikiswa sezvaitarisirwa, mhedzisiro yacho inogona kunzwikwa kure nekure:
– Hutano: telemedicine yepamusoro-soro, kutarisa varwere panguva chaiyo, uye nzira dzekurapa dziri kure nemazvo.
- Indasitiri: mafekitori akangwara ane marobhoti anoshanda pamwe chete, mapatya edhijitari ekutarisa michina, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira.
- Kutakurwa: mota dzinofamba dzoga dzakachengeteka nekuti kutaurirana kweV2X kwakavimbika uye nekukurumidza.
- Dzidzo nevaraidzo: Kudzidza kwakadzika kwakavakirwa paAR/VR nezviitiko zvakaita sekuva mukirasi mhenyu kana murabhoritari yepamhepo.
- Maguta akangwara: manejimendi ekufambisa motokari, simba, uye kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu akabatanidzwa zvakanyanya zvichienderana ne sensor.
Matambudziko ekuvandudza 6G
Kunyange zvazvo zvichivimbisa, 6G inotarisana nematambudziko makuru:
1. Zvinodiwa nemitengo yezvivakwa
Mafambiro epamusoro anoda ma transmitter akawanda, michina mitsva, uye magadzirirwo akasiyana enetwork. Izvi zvinoda mari yakawanda.
2. Kushandiswa kwesimba uye kuenderera mberi kwehupenyu
Network ine vanhu vakawanda inogona kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi. 6G inofanira kugadzirwa kuti ishandise simba rakawanda uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda.
3. Kugadziriswa kwepasi rose
Kuti zvishandiso nema network zvienderane nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana, zvinodiwa kuti mitemo yepasi rose ibvumiranwe. Maitiro aya akareba uye anosanganisira mapato akawanda.
4. Kuchengetedzeka uye kuvanzika
Nekuwedzera kwesimba reAI uye kunzwa, njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzekuvanzika dziri kuwedzerawo. Masisitimu e6G anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwedata kwakasimba.
Penutup
6G haisi yekuwedzera kumhanya kweinternet yefoni chete, asi danho rekuenda kune network yekutaurirana yakangwara, inopindura, uye yakabatana ine masisitimu akasiyana-siyana edhijitari. Kuburikidza neTHz spectrum, network dzeAI-native, kubatanidzwa kwesatellite, RIS, edge computing, uye pfungwa yekutaurirana nekuona, 6G inotarisirwa kuvhura musuwo wezvinhu zvitsva zvikuru muhutano, indasitiri, kutakurwa, uye dzidzo. Zvisinei, kuti izvi zviitike, nyika ichiri kuda kugadzirisa matambudziko ari muzvivakwa, mutengo, simba, uye kuchengetedzeka. Kana budiriro ikaenda sezvakarongwa, makore gumi anotevera achava shanduko kuenda kunguva yekubatana kwakanyanya kwakabatanidzwa muhupenyu hwevanhu.
