Mhando dzeCables muTerecommunications
Munyika yekutaurirana, tambo dzinoita basa rakakosha senzira yekubatanidza nharembozha—kubva panhare dzemagetsi neinternet network kusvika kumasisitimu eredhiyo nedata center infrastructure. Pasinei netsika yetekinoroji yekubatana kwenharembozha, tambo dzinoramba dziri musimboti wenetwork nekuda kwekugadzikana kwadzo, kugona kwadzo, uye kuvimbika kwadzo. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura mhando dzetambo dzinowanzo shandiswa mukutaurirana, hunhu hwadzo, zvakanakira, zvakaipa, uye mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwadzo.
1. Tambo Yakamoneredzwa (Twinsed Pair)
Tambo dzakatwasuka ndeimwe yemhando dzetambo dzinonyanya kufarirwa, kunyanya kune network dzefoni uye network dzemakombiyuta (LANs). Tambo iyi ine makondakita maviri emhangura akakomberedzwa pamwe chete kuderedza kupindirana kwemagetsi (EMI) uye crosstalk (kupindirana pakati petambo).
a. UTP (Pair Yakamonyoroka Isina Kuvharwa)
UTP iwaya yakakombama isina dziviriro yekuwedzera. Rudzi urwu runonyanya kushandiswa muwaya dzeEthernet dzakadai seCat5e, Cat6, uye Cat6A.
Zvakawandisa:
- Yakachipa uye iri nyore kuwana
- Kuiswa kuri nyore uye kunochinjika
- Yakakodzera network dzemahofisi nedzemumba
Kekurangan:
- Inogona kukanganiswa nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi kana iri pedyo nemagetsi makuru
- Kureba kushoma kunoshanda (kazhinji mamita zana eEthernet)
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
– Network yeLAN, tambo yeinternet yepamba, chinja chinongedzo kune komputa
b. STP (Peya Yakamonyoroka Yakachengetedzwa)
STP ine nhoo yekuderedza kukanganiswa. Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai seFTP (Foiled Twisted Pair) kana S/FTP, iyo inoshandisa musanganiswa wefoil nerukwa shielding.
Zvakawandisa:
- Inodzivirira kukanganiswa kupfuura UTP
– Yakagadzikana munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri kana nzvimbo dzine tambo dzakawanda dzemagetsi
Kekurangan:
- Mutengo unodhura kupfuura UTP
- Kuisa kwacho kwakaoma uye kunoda kugadzika zvakanaka
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
- Mafekitori, makamuri evanoshandisa seva, nzvimbo dzine kukanganiswa kwakanyanya
2. Tambo yeCoaxial
Waya yeCoaxial ine core conductor (kazhinji copper), insulator, layer yekudzivirira (ruided/foil shield), uye bhachi rekunze. Chimiro ichi chinoita kuti waya yeCoaxial ive yakasimba zvikuru kubva pakukanganiswa uye yakakodzera kutumira masaini emagetsi ane frequency yakakwira.
Zvakawandisa:
- Inodzivirira kukanganiswa kupfuura twisted pair
- Inogona kushandiswa kure kure mune mamwe maapplication
- Yakakodzera masaini eRF (redhiyo)
Kekurangan:
- Yakakora uye isingachinjiki zvakanyanya
- Kuiswa uye kugumisa zvinogona kuoma zvakanyanya
- Kune network dzemazuva ano, dzakawanda dzinotsiviwa nefiber
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
– Cable TV, antenna, cable modem (DOCSIS), analog CCTV, redhiyo network
Mhando dze coaxial dzinowanzo wanikwa dzinosanganisira RG-6 (inowanzo shandiswa paTV/internet) uye RG-59 (inowanzo shandiswa paCCTV).
3. Tambo yeFiber Optic
Tambo dzefiber-optic dzinotumira data muchimiro chechiedza kuburikidza negirazi kana mapurasitiki. Ndidzo sarudzo dzinonyanya kufarirwa kune network dzemusana nekuda kwesimba radzo rebandwidth rakakwirira uye daro refu rekutumira data.
a. Fiber yeModhi Imwe Chete (SMF)
Single mode inoshandisa fiber core diki (inenge 9 microns) kuitira kuti chiedza chifambe mu single mode. Yakakodzera madaro marefu uye kumhanya kwakanyanya.
Zvakawandisa:
- Nhanho refu kwazvo yekutumira (makiromita gumi kusvika kumazana kana uine michina yakakodzera)
- Kukwanisa kukuru uye kunonoka kwakaderera
- Kukanganisa kushoma kwazvo
Kekurangan:
– Midziyo iyi (transceiver) inodhura zvakanyanya
- Kubatanidza kunoda maturusi ane hunyanzvi uye matekiniki.
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
- Musana weISP, network yekuvaka pakati pezvivakwa (MAN), tambo dzemugungwa
b. Multi Mode Fiber (MMF)
Multi-mode ine core yakakura (50/62,5 microns) uye inobvumira nzira dzakawanda dzechiedza. Inowanzo shandiswa padaro pfupi kusvika pakati nepakati.
Zvakawandisa:
- Mutengo wezvishandiso zve optical unodhura zvishoma pane single mode
- Yakakodzera network dzemukati kana dzepakoreji
Kekurangan:
- Kureba kupfupi pane SMF nekuda kwekupararira kwemodal
- Hazvina kunaka kune kubatana kure
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
- Nzvimbo yedata, network yekambasi, kubatana pakati pema racks eseva
Fiber optics inowanzo shandisa zvinobatanidza zvakaita seSC, LC, ST, kana MPO/MTP pazvinodiwa nevanhu vakawanda munzvimbo dzedata.
4. Cable yemhangura yekutaurirana kwetsika (Cable Telephone/Drop Waya)
Internet ye fiber-optic isati yapararira, tambo dzemhangura dzaishanda senzira huru yebasa refoni neDSL. Tambo idzi dzaigona kunge dzakagadzirwa nemapeya akawanda muchikamu chimwe chete, chikuru.
Zvakawandisa:
- Zvivakwa zvekuvaka zvakakura uye zvave zvichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba
- Inogona kushandiswa pamafoni e analog kana ADSL/VDSL
Kekurangan:
- Bandwidth shoma kana tichienzanisa nefiber
- Chiratidzo chinodonha zvakanyanya padaro refu
- Inogona kukanganiswa uye kukanganiswa kana isina kuiswa zvakanaka
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
– Tambo dzefoni dzemumba, network dzePSTN, ADSL/VDSL
5. Tambo yeRibhoni Fiber uye Tambo yeFiber ine Makobvu Akawanda
Sezvo zvinodiwa pakubata zvinhu zvichiwedzera, vazhinji vari kushandisa tambo dzefiber dzakawanda kana ribhoni kuti vakurumidze kubatanidza zvinhu zvakawanda.
Zvakawandisa:
– Kukwanisa kukuru kwazvo muwaya imwe chete
- Inoshanda zvakanaka pakuchengetedza musana nedata centre
- Inokurumidza kuisa kana uchishandisa nzira yakakosha yekubatanidza
Kekurangan:
- Mitengo yakaoma uye kubata kwacho kwakaoma
- Inoda michina chaiyo yekugumisa uye matekiniki
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
- Metro Ethernet, musimboti weguta, nzvimbo huru yedata
6. Matambo eRadio neMicrowave (Feeder Cable/Waveguide)
Mumafoni emagetsi uye masisitimu ema microwave, tambo dzekufambisa dzinobatanidza michina yeredhiyo nema antenna. Kunze kwetambo dze coaxial, kunewo ma waveguides e ma frequency chaiwo.
Zvakawandisa:
- Inotsigira kutapurirana kweRF kubva pachiteshi chepasi kuenda kune antenna
- Yakagadzirirwa kuderedza kupenya kwesimba pahuwandu hwepamusoro
Kekurangan:
- Mutengo wakakwira, kuiswa kunoda kunyatsorongeka
- Hazvina kuchinjika zvakanyanya uye zvinowanzo kuve zvakanangana neindasitiri yekutaurirana
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
– BTS (Base Transceiver Station), microwave link, antenna inotumira
7. Tambo dzePatch neTambo Dzakakosha Dzemumba
Munzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzekuisa network, kune tambo dzakakosha dzekushandisa mumba, dzakadai setambo dzefiber/UTP patch, tambo dzeplenum (dzemakamuri ane mitemo yekudzivirira moto), uye tambo dzeLSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) dzakachengeteka kana pakaitika moto.
Zvakawandisa:
- Yakagadzirirwa manejimendi yetambo yakachena uye yakachengeteka
- Inosangana nemitemo yekuchengetedza yekuvaka
Kekurangan:
– Kazhinji inodhura kupfuura tambo dzakajairwa
- Unoda sarudzo chaiyo zvichienderana nenzvimbo yauri kugara
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
- Imba yevashandisi, nzvimbo yedata, chivakwa chemahofisi
Mhedziso
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzetambo mukutaurirana, imwe neimwe iine mabasa ayo uye zvayakanakira. Twisted pair (UTP/STP) yakanaka kune network dzemunharaunda uye kuiswa kuri nyore. Coaxial cable inoramba yakasimba muRF uye mamwe masevhisi akadai se cable TV. Zvisinei, fiber optic cable ndiyo sarudzo huru ikozvino uye mune ramangwana nekuda kwebandwidth yayo yakakwira, madaro marefu, uye kuramba kukanganiswa. Uyezve, tambo dzefeeder uye waveguides zvinoramba zvakakosha muzvivakwa zvefoni uye microwave.
Kusarudza tambo yakakodzera kunoda kufunga nezvezvinodiwa nebandwidth, daro, nzvimbo yekuisa, mutengo, uye nyore kugadzirisa. Kunzwisisa zvakanaka hunhu hwemhando yega yega yetambo kunogona kubatsira kuvaka network yekutaurirana zvinobudirira, zvakagadzikana, uye kuigadzirira kuwedzera kwekuda kwedata mune ramangwana.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kuwedzera tafura yekufananidza (bandwidth, daro, mutengo, uye mashandisirwo) kana kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nebasa rechikoro/koreji nechimiro checitation.
