Mishonga yePhytopharmaceuticals uye Mashandisirwo Ayo
Mumakore achangopfuura, kudiwa kwemishonga yechisikigo, yemiti uye mishonga yekurapa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Kufarira uku kwakavandudzwa kwakatungamira mukufambira mberi kukuru mumunda wemishonga yephytopharmaceuticals. Mishonga yephytopharmaceuticals inoreva mishonga inobva mumiti uye yakagadziriswa kuti ive nemakemikari anoshanda ane mhedzisiro yekurapa yakasimbiswa. Inomiririra kusanganiswa kwakanaka kwemishonga yechinyakare nemishonga yemazuva ano, ichipa imwe nzira inogara kwenguva refu uye isingapindi mishonga yemakemikari panzvimbo pemishonga yekugadzira. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa munyika inonakidza yemishonga yephytopharmaceuticals, ichiongorora mashandisirwo ayo, mabhenefiti ayo, mativi emutemo, uye tarisiro yeramangwana.
Nhoroondo Pfungwa
Kushandiswa kwemiti semishonga kwakatangira kare. Tsika dzakadai sedzevaIjipita, vaGiriki, nevaChina dzakanyora zvakadzama nezvekurapa kwemiti yakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, Hippocrates, anowanzoonekwa saBaba veMishonga, akanyora nezvemishonga yakawanda yakavakirwa pamiti. Ayurveda, sisitimu yemishonga yechivanhu yeIndia, uye Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) inewo mishonga yakawanda yakazadzwa nemishonga inobva mumiti.
Chii Chinonzi Phytopharmaceuticals?
Mishonga yemishonga yakasiyana nemishonga yechivanhu yemishonga nekuti inoongororwa nesainzi uye inogadziriswa. Maitiro aya anovimbisa kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinogona kudzokororwa uye kushanda zvakanaka. Mishonga yemishonga inofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yemhando yemishonga, inosanganisira ongororo yakadzama uye matanho ekudzora mhando ayo anosimbisa huwandu uye mashandiro emishonga inorwisa utachiona iri muchikamu chemiti.
Mechanism of Action
Mishonga yemishonga inoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kazhinji inosanganisira mishonga yakawanda inoshanda pamwe chete. Semuenzaniso, mishonga inoshanda iri mumuti inogona kushanda pamwe chete nema receptors emasero, kugadzirisa mabasa ema enzyme, uye kukanganisa nzira dzekutumira zviratidzo dzinodzora mashandiro emuviri. Iyi nzira ine zvinangwa zvakawanda inogona kupa mhedzisiro yekurapa yakawanda inogona kushanda zvakanaka uye isina migumisiro yakawanda kana ichienzaniswa nemishonga yekugadzira inowanzo tarisa nzira imwe chete.
Mishonga Inowanzo shandiswa pakurapa zvipembenene (Phytopharmaceuticals) uye Mashandisirwo Adzo
1. Curcumin
– Kwakabva: Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
– Mashandisirwo: Inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kuzvimba uye antioxidant, curcumin inoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakaita searthritis, zvirwere zvemwoyo, uye mamwe marudzi ekenza. Inozivikanwawo nekukwanisa kwayo kudzivirira zvirwere zvinoderedza mashandiro etsinga zvakaita seAlzheimer's.
2. Quinine
– Kwakabva: Cinchona bark (Cinchona spp.)
– Mashandisirwo: Imwe yemishonga yekare kwazvo yekurapa yakamboshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kwekuMadokero, quinine inonyanya kushandiswa pakurapa malaria.
3. Paclitaxel
– Kwakabva: Muti wePacific yew (Taxus brevifolia)
– Mashandisirwo: Ichizivikanwa seTaxol, paclitaxel mushonga une simba wekurwisa kenza unoshandiswa kurapa kenza dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kenza yemazamu, yemudumbu, neyemapapu.
4. Morphine
- Kunobva: Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)
– Mashandisirwo: Morphine mushonga une simba wekuderedza marwadzo unoshandiswa pakurapa marwadzo akakomba. Kushanda kwayo zvakanaka kwakaita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha mukurapa kwekurwadziwa kwemutsipa uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
5. Artemisinin
– Kwakabva: Muti une wormwood (Artemisia annua)
– Mashandisirwo: Artemisinin nezvimwe zvinobva mairi mishonga ine simba yekurwisa malaria iyo yave kukosha mukurwisa marudzi emalaria asingarapike.
Mabhenefiti ePhytopharmaceuticals
1. Kuchengetedzwa: Mishonga yemishonga inowanzo chengetedzwa zviri nani kana tichienzanisa nemishonga yakagadzirwa. Nekuda kwekwayakabva, inowanzo bvumidzwa zvakanaka uye haina migumisiro yakawanda.
2. Nzira Yakanangana Nezvinhu Zvakawanda: Sezvambotaurwa, kushanda pamwe chete kwemakemikari akawanda anoshanda mumuviri kunogona kupa kurapa kwakazara, kunyanya muzvirwere zvakaoma zvakaita sekenza kana zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingaperi.
3. Kugara kwenguva refu: Nekunetseka kuri kuwedzera pamusoro pemigumisiro yekugadzirwa kwemishonga yekugadzira, mishonga yemishonga inopa imwe nzira inogara kwenguva refu uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda.
4. Kugamuchirwa Kwetsika: Mishonga yechivanhu inogamuchirwa nevanhu vakawanda mutsika dzakasiyana-siyana. Mishonga yemishonga inovhara musiyano uripo pakati pehuchenjeri hwekare nesainzi yemazuva ano, nokudaro ichigamuchirwa zvakanyanya.
Matambudziko muKubudirira kweMishonga yePhytopharmaceutical
1. Kugadzirisa: Kuwana mhando uye kurongedza zvinhu zvinoshanda mumuviri kwakaoma nekuda kwekusiyana kuripo muzvirimwa. Mamiriro ekunze, ivhu, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekurima zvinogona kukanganisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshanda.
2. Mitemo Yekutonga: Mitemo yemishonga yemishonga yemhando ye phytopharmaceuticals inosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye kazhinji haina kunyatsotsanangurwa seyemishonga yekugadzira. Izvi zvinogona kuomesa maitiro ekubvumidza.
3. Kusimbiswa kweSainzi: Kunyange hazvo paine tsvakurudzo dziri kuwedzera dzinotsigira kushanda kwemishonga yemishonga yemishonga, kuyedzwa kwakawanda kwekiriniki kunodiwa kuti zvisimbiswe zvizere zvirevo zvavo zvekurapa.
Regulatory Aspects
Nyika dzakasiyana dzine mitemo yakasiyana-siyana maererano nekubvumidzwa nekutengeswa kwemishonga yemishonga yemishonga. MuUnited States, mishonga yemishonga yemishonga inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvezvinowedzera zvekudya, mishonga, kana zvese zviri zviviri, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo uye zvinotaurwa. European Medicines Agency (EMA) ine gwara rakananga remishonga yemishonga yemishonga, iyo inoda humbowo hwakakwana hwekushanda kwayo uye kuchengetedzeka kwayo.
MuIndia, Bazi reAYUSH rinotarisira mishonga yechivanhu, inosanganisira Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, uye Homeopathy. Mutemo weDrugs and Cosmetics Act unotonga mhando, kuchengetedzeka, uye kushanda kwemishonga iyi, uchiona kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvisati zvapinda mumusika.
Zvichaitika mune ramangwana
Remangwana remishonga yemishonga yemhando ye phytopharmaceuticals rinotaridzika zvakanaka, kunyanya nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yakadai sekuongorora kwakawanda uye bioinformatics, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuzivikanwa nekusimbiswa kwemakemikari anoshanda mumuviri. Kubatanidzwa nenzira dzekurapa dzakagadzirirwa munhu mumwe nemumwe kunogona kuwedzera kushanda kwadzo, zvichiita kuti kurapwa kuenderane nemajini ega ega.
Uyezve, kushanda pamwe chete kwenyika dzakawanda mukutsvaga nekuvandudza kungangokurumidzisa hunyanzvi hutsva uye kuenzana kwemitengo. Misika iri kusimukira muAsia, Africa, neLatin America inopa mukana mukuru wemishonga yemiti, tichifunga nezvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinhu.
mhedziso
Mishonga yemishonga inosanganisa huchenjeri hwechinyakare nesainzi yemazuva ano, ichivimbisa nzira dzekurapa dzinoshanda uye dzinogara kwenguva refu. Kubva pakurapa zvirwere zvisingaperi nekurwadziwa kwakanyanya kusvika pakurwisa hutachiona husingarapike nemishonga, mukana wemishonga inobva mumiti wakakura uye wakasiyana-siyana. Sezvo kusimbiswa kwesainzi uye hurongwa hwemitemo huri kuramba huchichinja, mishonga yemishonga inorapa zvipembenene inogona kuita basa rakakura muhutano hwepasi rose.
Kunyange hazvo matambudziko achiripo pakugadziriswa kwemitemo uye kubvumidzwa kwemitemo, kutsvagurudza kuri kuenderera mberi uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji zvine vimbiso yekukunda zvipingamupinyi izvi. Pakupedzisira, kubatanidzwa kwemishonga yemishonga inorapa zvipembenene mumishonga mikuru kunogona kutungamira kune nzira yakazara, inoshanda, uye inogara kwenguva refu yehutano, zvichibatsira mamiriyoni evanhu pasi rese.
