Zviri Mumakemikari Mukurapa Kwemiti: Kunzwisisa Kuoma Kwezvinhu Zvechisikigo
Mishonga yemishonga, inozivikanwawo se phytotherapy, yave ichishandiswa kwemazana emakore mutsika dzakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekurapa. Kusiyana nemishonga yekugadzira inowanzova nechinhu chimwe chete chinoshanda, mishonga yemishonga inoumbwa nemusanganiswa unoshanduka wemakemikari akawanda. Zvinhu izvi zvakaoma zvemakemikari zvinobatsira pakurapa, asi zvinopawo matambudziko mukugadzirisa, kushanda, uye kuchengetedzeka. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa zviri mumakemikari ari mumishonga yemishonga, chichiongorora mabhenefiti ayo, sainzi iri shure kwayo, uye kukosha kwemutemo wakakodzera.
Nzvimbo Yakasiyana-siyana yeMakomputa
Mishonga yemishonga inowanzova nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda, zvinosanganisira maalkaloids, maflavonoids, maglycosides, materpenoids, mapolyphenols, uye matannins. Rimwe nerimwe remakirasi aya emishonga rinogona kuva nemabasa akasiyana ehupenyu.
1. MaAlkaloids: Aya ndiwo mishonga ine nitrogen inozivikanwa nekushanda kwayo nesimba mukurapa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira morphine inobva kuopium poppy, ine simba guru rekuderedza marwadzo, uye berberine inobva kugoldenseal, inozivikanwa nekushanda kwayo kunorwisa mabhakitiriya uye kunorwisa kuzvimba.
2. Maflavonoid: Anowanikwa zvakanyanya mumichero, miriwo, uye mimwe miriwo, maflavonoid akadai sequercetin necatechins anozivikanwa nemabasa awo ekudzivirira hutachiona, kudzivirira kuzvimba, uye kuuraya utachiona.
3. Glycosides: Makemikoro aya, akadai sesaponins ne cardiac glycosides, ane mhedzisiro yakakura pahurongwa hwemwoyo nemamwe maitiro emuviri. Semuenzaniso, digoxin inobva mumuti wefoxglove inoita basa rakakosha mukurapa zvirwere zvemwoyo.
4. Terpenoids: Izvi zvakapararira mumiti inonhuhwirira uye zvinobatsira pakunhuhwirira, kuravira, uye kurapa kwemishonga yemishonga. Mudzi weValerian, mushonga unozivikanwa wekuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo, une terpenoids yakaita se valerenic acid.
5. Polyphenols neTannins: Zvine simba guru rekuchengetedza ma antioxidants, mishonga iyi inobatsira kudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoparadza uye ine mabasa ekudzivirira kuzvimba, mavairasi, uye ekudzivirira kenza.
Mhedzisiro yeSynergistic
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufadza pakurapa kwemishonga yemishonga ipfungwa yekubatana, uko zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakemikari zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvigadzire simba rakasimba. Kubatana uku kunogona kuwedzera mhedzisiro yekurapa uye kuderedza migumisiro, sezvo mhedzisiro yakabatana yemishonga yakawanda inogona kuderedza kushanda kwezvinhu zvinogona kuva nengozi.
Semuenzaniso, St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), inoshandiswa kurapa kushungurudzika, ine hyperforin, hypericin, uye flavonoids dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kushanda kweSt. John's Wort kuderedza kushungurudzika kunobva mukuitwa kwemakemikari aya panguva imwe chete, kwete chero chimwe chete.
Standardization Matambudziko
Kuomarara kwemishonga yemiti, ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda, kunoisa matambudziko makuru mukuona kuti mhando uye kushanda zvakanaka zvinoenderana. Kuenzanisa kunosanganisira kuona zviratidzo zvakasiyana uye kuwanda kwemishonga iyi panguva imwe chete muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemishonga yemiti. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo, mamiriro ekurima, nguva yekukohwa, uye nzira dzekuburitsa mishonga zvinogona kukanganisa chimiro chemakemikari emishonga yemiti.
Kuti izvi zviitike, masangano anotonga akadai seWorld Health Organization (WHO) nemakambani akasiyana-siyana anokurudzira nzira dzekugadzirisa mishonga. Semuenzaniso, European Pharmacopoeia inopa mamografi anosanganisira nzira dzakajairwa dzekugadzira uye kudzora mhando yemishonga yemiti.
Analytical Techniques
Maitiro emazuva ano ekuongorora ane basa guru mukuziva, kuparadzanisa, uye kuyera makemikari ari mumishonga yemishonga. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
1. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakupatsanura, kuona, uye kuverenga zvikamu mumusanganiswa, HPLC inobvumira kunyatsoona makemikari anoshanda muzvinomera.
2. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira pamakemikari anoshanduka-shanduka uye asina kugadzikana, zvichipa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemaumbirwo emamorekuru ezvinhu zvirimo.
3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: NMR inotsanangura chimiro chemamorekuru uye mashandiro emakomputa, ichipa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pemakemikoro emishonga yemishonga yemishonga.
4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): FTIR inopa ruzivo nezvemapoka anoshanda ari mukombuta, zvichibatsira kunzwisisa makemikari ari mumuti wacho.
Efficacy uye Kuchengetedza
Kunyange zvazvo mishonga yemiti ichipa vimbiso yekurapa kwechisikigo, kushanda kwayo uye kuchengetedzeka kwayo kunofanira kuongororwa zvakakwana. Kusiyana nemishonga yechinyakare, mishonga yemiti yakawanda haina miedzo yakasimba yekiriniki yekusimbisa zvavanotaura. Uyezve, kuvapo kwemishonga yakawanda inoshanda kunogona kukonzera kusangana uye migumisiro. Semuenzaniso, Kava (Piper methysticum), mushonga unozivikanwa wekurapa kuzvidya mwoyo uye matambudziko ekurara, wave uchibatanidzwa nekukuvadza tsinga dzeropa.
Zvakakosha kuti vanopa hutano nevatengi vazive zvinhu zvinotevera:
– Kudyidzana kwemishonga nemiti: Mishonga inogona kudyidzana nemishonga yakanyorerwa nachiremba, zvichichinja kushanda kwayo uye kuchengetedzeka kwayo. Semuenzaniso, Ginkgo biloba, mushonga unowanzo shandiswa kusimudzira ndangariro, unogona kudyidzana nemishonga inorwisa ropa uye kuwedzera njodzi yekubuda ropa.
– Kudzora mhando: Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhando yezvigadzirwa zvemiti ndeyekukosha. Kusvibiswa, kusvibiswa, uye kunyorwa zvisirizvo zvinhu zvakakosha zvinogona kukonzera kuti zvigadzirwa zvisashande zvakanaka kana kuti zvine njodzi.
Yemutemo Sisitimu
Kutarisirwa kwemishonga yemiti kunosiyana zvakanyanya munyika dzakasiyana. MuUnited States, Mutemo weDietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) unotonga mishonga yemiti semishonga yekudya, iyo isingade mvumo isati yatengeswa. Kusiyana neizvi, muEuropean Union, mishonga yemiti inofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuchengetedza, kushanda zvakanaka, uye mhando isati yatengeswa.
Kuedza kwenyika dzese kunotarisa pakugadza nhungamiro nemitemo yekuona kuti mishonga yemiti inoshandiswa zvakachengeteka. Chirongwa cheWHO Traditional Medicine Strategy chine chinangwa chekutsigira kubatanidzwa kwemishonga yechivanhu neyekuwedzera muhurongwa hwehutano hwenyika, zvichibva pauchapupu hwakasimba hwesainzi uye hurongwa hwemitemo.
mhedziso
Mishonga yemishonga ...
