Kushandiswa Kwezvinodhaka Muvana Nevakwegura: Kuongorora Kuenzanisa
Kushandiswa kwemishonga, kusanganisira mishonga inonyorwa nachiremba uye mishonga inotengeswa kunze kwemutero, chinhu chakakosha muhutano hwemazuva ano hunobata vanhu vemazera ese. Pakati pemapoka anonyanya kutambura pane vana nevakwegura, vane hunhu hwakasiyana hwemuviri, kukura, uye hwepfungwa hunoda nzira dzakagadzirwa dzekushandisa nekutarisira mishonga. Kunyange zvazvo mapoka aya akasiyana zvakanyanya mupharmacokinetics yavo uye pharmacodynamics, vane matambudziko akafanana nenjodzi dzinobatanidzwa nekushandisa mishonga. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa kuoma kwekushandiswa kwemishonga muvana nevakwegura, chichiongorora mabhenefiti, njodzi, uye nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuvandudza mhedzisiro yekurapa.
Kushandisa Zvinodhaka Muvana
Vana, kubva pavacheche kusvika kune vechidiki, vanomiririra vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano. Miviri yavo inogara ichichinja-chinja muviri izvo zvinokanganisa kupinza, kupararira, kugadzirwa kwemuviri, uye kubviswa kwemishonga. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pharmacokinetics yemishonga muvana yakasiyana zvikuru neyevanhu vakuru, zvichiita kuti pave nekuongororwa kwakanyatsoenderana nezera ravo.
1. Pharmacokinetics uye Pharmacodynamics muVana
Muvana vacheche nevacheche, kusakura kwenhengo dzemuviri kunoita basa guru mukushandiswa kwemishonga. Chiropa, icho chinoita kuti mishonga yakawanda ishande zvakanaka, hachina kukura zvakakwana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kunonoka kwekushandiswa kwemishonga uye kushanda kwenguva refu kwemishonga. Saizvozvowo, kushanda kweitsvo, kwakakosha pakuburitswa kwemishonga, hakusati kwakura muhudiki, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekuunganidzwa kwemishonga uye chepfu.
Varwere vevana vanoratidzawo maitiro akasiyana emishonga. Semuenzaniso, vana vanogona kusangana nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana emishonga, akadai sekushanda zvakanyanya mushure mekunwa mishonga inonyaradza. Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kwakakosha kune vanachiremba vevana nevanoona nezveutano kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti mishonga inorapwa zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira.
2. Mishonga Inoshandiswa Kazhinji uye Zviratidzo
Vana vanowanzoda mishonga yezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira hutachiona, asima, ADHD, uye zvirwere zvisingaperi zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga nepfari. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mishonga inonyaradza marwadzo, mishonga inobvisa manyoka, uye mishonga inosimudzira pfungwa ndeimwe yemishonga inowanzo nyorwa. Mishonga yekudzivirira, chikamu chakakosha chekuchengeta vana, inosanganisirawo kupa mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira.
3. Matambudziko uye Njodzi
Kuva nechokwadi chekuti mishonga inoshandiswa zvakachengeteka kuvana kunosanganisira matambudziko akawanda. Kukanganisa pakuyera mishonga, kusawirirana nemishonga (ADRs), uye kushandiswa kwemishonga isina kunaka zvinhu zvinonyanya kushungurudza. Mishonga yevana, iyo yakasiyana neyavakuru muhuwandu hwemishonga uye zvinhu zvinobatsira, inofanira kugadzirwa nokungwarira kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nevana. Pamusoro pezvo, kutevedzera mishonga kunogona kuva nedambudziko, kunyanya kana mushonga wacho usina kunaka kana uchida kuwedzerwa mishonga nguva nenguva.
Vabereki nevanotarisira vana vane basa guru mukupa mishonga kuvana. Kuvadzidzisa nezvemushonga wakakodzera, migumisiro inogona kuitika, uye kukosha kwekutevedzera mitemo kwakakosha kuderedza njodzi uye kuwedzera mhedzisiro yekurapa.
Kushandisa Zvinodhaka Muvanhu Vakwegura
Vanhu vakwegura, vanowanzotsanangurwa sevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira, vane rimwe dambudziko rakasiyana mukurapa nemishonga. Kukwegura kunounza shanduko dzakawanda dzemuviri dzinokanganisa pharmacokinetics yemishonga uye pharmacodynamics, zvichiwedzera kuoma kwekutarisira mishonga.
1. Pharmacokinetics uye Pharmacodynamics muVakwegura
Kukwegura kunokanganisa matanho ese ekugadzirwa kwemishonga. Kuderera kweacidity mudumbu uye kunonoka kwekubvisa zvinhu mudumbu kunogona kuchinja kunwa kwemishonga. Kuderera kwetsandanyama nemafuta emuviri akawandisa kunokanganisa kupararira kwemishonga, nepo kudzikira kwekushanda kwehepatic neitsvo kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro emushonga uye kubviswa kwawo. Kuchinja uku kunowanzoda kugadziriswa kwemuyero uye kutarisisa zvakanyanya kudzivirira migumisiro yakaipa uye kuona kuti mushonga unoshanda zvakanaka.
Kuchinja kwemishonga muvanhu vakwegura kunosanganisira kuwedzera kwekusawirirana nemishonga, yakadai semishonga inonyaradza marwadzo uye inorwisa ropa, uye kusawirirana kwemimwe mishonga, yakadai se beta-blockers. Polypharmacy, kana kushandiswa kwemishonga yakawanda, kwakajairika muvarwere vakwegura uye kunowedzera njodzi yekusangana kwemishonga uye ADRs.
2. Mishonga Inoshandiswa Kazhinji uye Zviratidzo
Varwere vakwegura vanowanzosangana nezvirwere zvakawanda zvisingaperi, zvinosanganisira BP, chirwere cheshuga, arthritis, zvirwere zvemwoyo, uye dementia. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanonyorerwa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana, yakadai semishonga inoderedza BP, mishonga inoderedza chirwere cheshuga, mishonga inoderedza marwadzo, mishonga inoderedza ropa, uye mishonga inoderedza marwadzo.
Kutevedzera mitemo yekurapa kune vakwegura kunogona kuva kwakaoma nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekutadza kuziva, kusakwanisa kurapa, nguva dzakaoma dzekutora mishonga, uye migumisiro yakaipa. Kurerutsa mitemo, kusanganisira vatarisiri, uye kushandisa zvinhu zvinobatsira pakutevedzera mitemo kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko aya.
3. Matambudziko uye Njodzi
Kuwanda kwemishonga yakawanda muvarwere vakwegura kunowedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yekudyidzana kwemishonga uye ADRs. Beers Criteria, runyorwa rwemishonga ingangove isina kukodzera kune vakwegura, inoshanda sechishandiso chakakosha kune vanopa hutano kuderedza njodzi idzi. Kuongororwa kwemishonga nguva dzose uye kunyorerwa mishonga, kana zvakakodzera, kunogona kuderedza mutoro wemishonga yakawanda.
Vanhu vakwegura ndivo vanonyanya kuwira, kutyoka mapfupa, uye kukuvara nekuda kwemigumisiro yemimwe mishonga, yakadai semishonga inonyaradza uye inoderedza BP. Kushandisa nzira dzekudzivirira kuwa uye kugara uchiongorora huwandu hwengozi nerubatsiro rwemishonga matanho akakosha mukuderedza njodzi idzi.
Kuongorora Kuenzanisa uye Maitiro Akanakisisa
Pasinei nekusiyana kwakasiyana mukushandiswa kwemishonga pakati pevana nevakwegura, mimwe misimboti mikuru inoshanda kumazera ese ari maviri. Mishonga yakagadzirirwa munhu mumwe nemumwe, iyo inotarisa hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemishonga, yakakosha pakuvandudza kurapwa kwemishonga. Kugara uchitarisa, kudzidzisa varwere nevanochengeta varwere, uye kutaurirana pakati pevanopa hutano zvinhu zvakakosha pakushandisa mishonga zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira.
Muvana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mushonga unopinzwa uye unoteverwa nemazvo, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwemishonga inoenderana nezera ravo, zvinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mhedzisiro yekurapa. Kubatanidza vabereki nevatarisiri mukuita sarudzo uye kupa mirairo yakajeka matanho akakosha mukuzadzisa chinangwa ichi.
Kune vakwegura, kuderedza mishonga yakawanda, kugara vachiongorora mishonga, uye kushandisa nzira dzisiri dzemishonga kana zvichibvira kunogona kuderedza njodzi yeADRs uye kusangana kwevanhu. Kushanda pamwe chete nevanoita zvemishonga, kuita ongororo dzakakwana dzevakwegura, uye kushandisa maturusi akaita seBeers Criteria kunogona kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwemishonga.
mhedziso
Kushandiswa kwemishonga muvana nevakwegura kunoda nzira yakasiyana-siyana inotsanangura hunhu hwakasiyana hwemuviri, kukura, uye hwepfungwa hwevanhu ava. Kunyange zvazvo matambudziko nenjodzi zviri zvechisikigo, kutevedzera nzira dzakanakisisa uye kuzvipira kumishonga yakagadzirirwa munhu mumwe nemumwe kunogona kuvandudza mhedzisiro yekurapa uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwemapoka aya asina dziviriro. Nekunzwisisa kuoma kwekushandiswa kwemishonga muvana nevakwegura, varapi vehutano vanogona kufamba zviri nani mumamiriro akaoma ekutarisira mishonga uye kuona kuti kurapwa kwakachengeteka uye kunoshanda kune mazera ese.
