Kuongororwa kweBhizinesi reKurima Mbudzi reEtawa
Pendauluan
Kupfuya mbudzi muEtawa kuri kuwedzera mubhizinesi rekurima muIndonesia. Kudiwa kukuru kwezvigadzirwa zvembudzi muEtawa, zvose mukaka nenyama, kunoita kuti bhizinesi iri rive netariro. Mbudzi dzeEtawa dzinozivikanwa nemukaka nenyama yadzo yepamusoro. Chinyorwa chino chichapa ongororo yakakwana yekupfuya mbudzi muEtawa kubva pamaonero akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira hunyanzvi, hupfumi, uye manejimendi, pamwe nematambudziko ari kusangana nawo.
Zvinhu zveUnyanzvi
1. Kusarudzwa kweMbeu
Kusarudza mbudzi dzemhando yepamusoro dzeEtawa idanho rekutanga rakakosha mukuchengeta mbudzi. Mbudzi dzemhando yepamusoro dzinoonekwa nemuviri wakakura, makumbo akasimba, ganda rakatsetseka, uye kusava nezvikanganiso. Kusarudza mbudzi kubva kupurazi rine mukurumbira kunowedzera mukana wekuva nembudzi dzine hutano uye dzinobereka zvakawanda.
2. Makeji neMidziyo
Matanga embudzi eEtawa anofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchena, kutenderera kwemhepo, chiedza chezuva chakakwana, uye dziviriro kubva kunaya kwemvura nemhepo. Matanga akakodzera anowanzo kuve mapuratifomu akasimudzwa ane pasi rematanda kuti manyowa adonhe. Mbudzi yega yega yeEtawa inoda nzvimbo inosvika 1,5–2 square metres. Pamusoro pedanga, vafudzi vanofanirawo kupa zvimwe zvishandiso, zvakaita sematangi ekudya uye emvura ari nyore kuchenesa.
3. Kudya uye Kudya Kunovaka Muviri
Kudya kwakanaka kwakakosha pakukura nekugadzira mbudzi dzeEtawa. Chikafu chezvirimwa zvakaita seelephant grass, calliandra, nemashizha emunzungu ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha. Pamusoro pezvo, kudya zvekudya zvine mapuroteni akawanda kuti mukaka uwedzere kugadzirwa. Mavhitamini nemaminerari zvakakoshawo pakutsigira hutano hwembudzi.
4. Kutarisira uye Hutano
Zvirwere zvinowanzobata mbudzi dzeEtawa zvinosanganisira ganda, mastitis, honye, nezvimwewo. Saka, kutarisirwa kwakakodzera uye kwenguva dzose, kwakadai sekuchenesa danga, kuongororwa kwehutano nguva dzose, uye kubaiwa majekiseni, zvinhu zvakakosha. Uyezve, kubvisa honye nguva dzose uye kupa mavhitamini nguva dzose zvakakosha.
Mativi Ehupfumi
1. Mari Yebhizinesi
Mari yekutanga yepurazi rembudzi reEtawa inosanganisira kutenga mbeu, kuvaka chivanze, uye kutenga mimwe michina. Mari yekutanga yese inosiyana zvichienderana nehukuru hwebhizinesi. Semuenzaniso, kutanga bhizinesi nembudzi gumi dzeEtawa kunoda mari inosvika mamiriyoni makumi mashanu kusvika zana emamiriyoni erupiah.
2. Mari dzekushanda
Mari yekushandisa inosanganisira mari yekudya, vashandi, mishonga, nezvimwe zvinodiwa. Chikafu ndicho chinhu chikuru chinodhura mumabasa ezvipfuyo. Nekutarisira kwakakodzera, mari yekushandisa inogona kuwanikwa zvakanaka, semuenzaniso nekushandisa marara ekurima sechikafu chekuwedzera.
3. Mari Inowanikwa Uye Kuwana Pfuma
Mari huru inowanikwa mubhizinesi iri inobva mukutengeswa kwemukaka, nyama, uye ndove yembudzi, iyo inoshandiswa sefetereza yeorganic. Mukaka wembudzi weEtawa unotengeswa ne15.000–25.000 rupiah pa litre pamusika, nepo nyama ichigona kutenga 120.000–150.000 rupiah pa kilogiramu. Nekuverenga kwakanyatsonaka, break-even point (BEP) inogona kusvikwa mukati megore 1–2.
Kutarisira Bhizinesi
Kutarisira zvakanaka ndiko kunokosha kuti pave nebudiriro mukurima mbudzi dzeEtawa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutarisira vashandi, kutarisira hutano hwemhuka, uye kutarisira mari.
1. Kutarisirwa kweVashandi
Vashandi vane hunyanzvi uye vane ruzivo mubazi rezvipfuyo vanodiwa nekukurumidza. Kudzidziswa nguva dzose uye ruzivo rwakawedzerwa rwekuchengeta mbudzi dzeEtawa zvichavandudza mashandiro evashandi.
2. Kutarisira Hutano hweMhuka
Hutano hwembudzi hunofanira kugara huchiongororwa. Kutarisa zviratidzo zvechirwere, kuisa biosecurity muchivanze, uye kushanda pamwe chete navanachiremba vemhuka pakubaiwa majekiseni nekurapwa kwakakosha.
3. Kutarisira Mari
Kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvemari zvakanaka kwakakosha pakutarisa mari inoshandiswa uye mari inowanikwa. Mishumo yemari yenguva dzose inobatsira pakuita sarudzo dzebhizinesi dzine ruzivo.
Matambudziko neMhinduro
1. Kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yezvekudya
Mitengo yezvikafu inochinja-chinja kazhinji idambudziko guru. Mhinduro ndeyekugara uchitsvaga zvimwe zvekudya zvinodhura zvishoma kana kurima chikafu chako chezvirimwa kuti uderedze kuvimba nechikafu chakatengwa.
2. Zvirwere zveZvipfuyo
Kupararira kwezvirwere kunogona kuuraya mabhizinesi ezvipfuyo. Matanho ekudzivirira kuburikidza nekutarisira hutano hwakanaka uye kushambidzika kwakasimba mudanga kwakakosha. Uyezve, kushanda pamwe chete nguva dzose navanachiremba vezvipfuyo kwakakosha kuti vatarise uye varape chirwere nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
3. Guta guru
Mari shoma inowanzova chipingamupinyi kuvarimi vadiki. Mhinduro dzingangovepo dzinosanganisira kutsvaga mubatanidzwa kana kushandisa chirongwa chehurumende chePeople's Business Credit (KUR).
Mhedziso
Kuchengeta mbudzi dzeEtawa kune mikana yakanaka kwazvo, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemusika. Kubudirira kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekusarudza mhando dzemhando yepamusoro, kuve nechokwadi chekuti chikafu chemhuka chinochengetwa zvakanaka uye hutano hwakanaka, uye kushandisa manejimendi akanaka emari. Matambudziko akadai sekuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yezvipfuyo, zvirwere zvezvipfuyo, uye kushomeka kwemari zvinogona kukundwa nehurongwa nekuronga zvakanaka.
Kurima mbudzi muEtawa hakungogumiri pakuunza mabhenefiti emari chete asiwo kunotsigira kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu chenyika uye kuvandudza kugara zvakanaka kwevarimi. Kune varimi, kiyi yekubudirira mubhizinesi iri kudzidza nguva dzose, hunyanzvi, uye kutsungirira mukutarisana nematambudziko. Nenzira iyi, kurima mbudzi muEtawa kunogona kukura kuita bhizinesi rinogara kwenguva refu uye kupa mabhenefiti akawanda kunharaunda.
