Kudzora Zvipembenene Uchishandisa Pheromones: Mhinduro Isina Kusvibisa Zvisikwa
Pengenalan
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, zvipembenene zvekurima zvave dambudziko guru rinotarisana nevarimi nenyanzvi dzezvekurima pasi rose. Zvipembenene zvakaita sezvipembenene, nematodes, nemakonzo hazvingodzikisi goho rezvirimwa chete asiwo zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi. Kunyange zvazvo zvichishanda mukudzora zvipembenene, kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yemakemikari kunowanzova nemigumisiro yakaipa panharaunda nehutano hwevanhu. Nekuwedzera kweruzivo rwekukosha kwemaitiro ekurima anochengetedza nharaunda, nzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene dzine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza dziri kutariswa. Imwe nzira yakadaro ndeyekushandisa mapheromones kudzora huwandu hwezvipembenene.
Chii chinonzi Pheromone?
Mapheromones makemikari anogadzirwa uye anoburitswa nemhuka kuti dzitaurirane nedzimwe mhando dzadzo. Kana tichitarisa zvipembenene, mapheromones zvishandiso zvekutaurirana zvinoshanda zvakanyanya uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pazvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kutsvaga chikafu, kugadzira nzvimbo, uye kunyanya kutsvaga shamwari yekubereka. Rudzi rwezvipembenene rumwe nerumwe rune mapheromone aro akasiyana, uye mhinduro kumapheromones aya dzakanyatsojeka.
Kushandiswa kwePheromone Mukurwisa Zvipembenene
Kushandiswa kwemapheromone mukudzora zvipembenene kwakavakirwa panheyo yekushandura maitiro ezvipembenene zvinovavarira. Nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa mapheromone dzakaratidzwa kuti dzinoshanda mukudzora kuwanda kwezvipembenene, dzinosanganisira:
1. Kubata (Kuteya)
Nzira iyi inosanganisira kushandisa misungo ine mapheromone epabonde kukwezva zvipembenene zvechirume. Kana varume vachipinda mumisungo, vanobatwa uye havagone kutiza. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hwevarume vari munharaunda, izvo zvinoderedza mikana yekuti vakadzi vabereke uye vaise mazai.
2. Kukanganiswa kwekubatana kwemurume nemukadzi
Nzira iyi ine chinangwa chekuvharidzira zviratidzo zvemapheromone zvechisikigo zvinoburitswa nezvipembenene zvechikadzi, zvichiita kuti zviomere varume kuwana shamwari dzavo. Izvi zvinoitwa nekuparadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwemapheromone ekugadzira munzvimbo yese, izvo zvinovhiringidza varume uye zvinovadzivirira kuwana vakadzi vekugadzira.
3. Kuderera Kwevanhu (Kuteya Vanhu Vakawanda)
Munzira iyi, misungo ine pheromone inoshandiswa yakawanda kubata zvipembenene zvakawanda. Nzira iyi haingoderedzi huwandu hwezvipembenene chete asi inogonawo kubatsira kutarisa huwandu hwezvipembenene.
4. Kutarisa
Mapheromone anogona kushandiswa senzira yekutarisa kuvapo uye kuwanda kwezvipembenene. Misungo yepheromone inoiswa muminda yekurima uye inoongororwa nguva nenguva kuti ione kana paine nzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene dzinodiwa. Kutarisa uku kunobvumira matanho ekudzora panguva chaiyo uye chaiwo.
Mabhenefiti Ekushandisa Pheromone
1. Kushamwaridzana Nezvakatipoteredza
Mapheromones zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa mhando dzemhuka dzinoda kuvhiyiwa, nokudaro hazvikonzeri migumisiro yakaipa panharaunda kana mhando dzisiri dzaunoda kuvhiyiwa. Izvi zvinopesana zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwakapararira kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, iyo inowanzo paradza nharaunda.
2. Yakachengeteka kuvanhu
Nekuti mapheromones imakemikari echisikigo uye anoshandiswa muhuwandu hushoma kwazvo, anowanzo chengetedzwa kuvanhu nemhuka dzinovaraidza. Hapana njodzi yekusangana nehupfu kana masara emakemikari, izvo zvinowanzo nyanya kukanganiswa nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yemakemikari.
3. Inoshanda Munguva Refu
Kushandiswa kwemapheromones kunogona kuderedza kuwanda kwezvipembenene kwenguva refu nekuvhiringidza kubereka kwazvo. Nekuderedza huwandu hwezvipembenene kuburikidza nekukanganisa kusangana kwemhuka kana kushandisa chirauro, tinogona kuderedza kudiwa kwekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene kakawanda.
4. Kusarudza
Nekuda kwehunhu hwadzo, mapheromones haakanganisi huwandu hwezvipembenene zvinobatsira, zvakaita sezvikara zvechisikigo kana zvinopa goho. Izvi zvinochengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinotsigira kusiyana-siyana kwemarudzi.
Kusasimba Kwekushandisa Pheromone
Pasinei nezvakanakira zvakawanda, kushandiswa kwemapheromone kune zvimwe zvakunoshata zvatinofanira kufunga nezvazvo:
1. Mari Yekutanga Yakakwira
Kugadzirwa nekuparadzirwa kwemapheromone ekugadzira kunogona kudhura, izvo zvingave zvakaoma kuvarimi vadiki vane zviwanikwa zvishoma. Zvisinei, mitengo iyi inowanzo deredzwa nekushomeka kwezvinodiwa zvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye kuwedzera kwegoho rezvirimwa munguva refu.
2. Hunhu hwakajeka
Kunyange hazvo kunyatsotsanangura kuri mukana wekudzivirira kukanganisa mhando dzisiri dzemhuka dzakatarwa, zvinorevawo kuti mapheromones anoshanda chete pakurwisa dzimwe mhando dzezvipembenene. Nokudaro, nzira iyi ingasavhara mhando dzese dzezvipembenene zvinorwisa zvirimwa.
3. Inoda Ruzivo neUnyanzvi
Kushandisa pheromone kunoda ruzivo rwehupenyu hwezvipembenene zvinotsvagwa uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Kuisa misungo nema pheromone zvinopa mishonga kwakakosha kuti pave nemigumisiro inoshanda, zvichida kudzidziswa kwakakosha uye hunyanzvi.
Kuitwa Mumunda
Kushandiswa kwemapheromone mukudzora zvipembenene kwakabudirira munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi rose. Semuenzaniso, muIndia, mapheromone akashandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzora zvipembenene zvedonje. Munyika dzeEurope, mapheromone anoshandiswa mukudzora zvipembenene zvemichero yemichero, senge mukudzora apple moth. MuUnited States, mapheromone akashandiswa muchibage nezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurima.
Muenzaniso wakajeka ndewekushandiswa kwemapheromone kudzora chipembenene che armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), zvipembenene zvikuru zvechibage munyika dzakawanda dzemuAfrica. Kushandisa misungo yemapheromone kunobvumira varimi kutarisa nekudzora huwandu hwezvipembenene izvi pasina kukuvadza nharaunda.
Mhedziso
Mapheromones anopa mhinduro itsva uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda yekudzivirira zvipembenene mukurima. Nekushandisa kutaurirana kwemakemikari echisikigo pakati pezvipembenene, tinogona kuderedza kuvimba kwedu nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yemakemikari uye kushandisa nzira dzekurima dzinogara kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, kutsvaga nekuvandudza zvinodiwa kuti tideredze mari yekugadzira uye kuvandudza kushanda kwekushandisa pheromone. Rutsigiro kubva kuhurumende nemasangano ekutsvagisa rwakakoshawo pakuwedzera kushandiswa kwenzira iyi pakati pevarimi.
Kana nzira chaiyo ikashandiswa, mapheromones anogona kuva chinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwakabatana hwekutarisira zvipembenene, zvichitibatsira kuchengetedza zvirimwa, nharaunda, uye hutano hwevanhu.
