Mabhenefiti neNjodzi dzeAmmonia Gas
Gasi reAmmonia musanganiswa wemakemikari une fomura yeNH₃, ine hwema hunonhuhwirira uye hunonyatsooneka. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, ammonia inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, kurima, uye mudzimba. Zvisinei, pasinei nemabhenefiti ayo makuru, gasi reAmmonia rinewo njodzi dzakakomba kuhutano hwevanhu nenharaunda kana rikasabatwa nemazvo. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura mabhenefiti egasi reAmmonia pamwe nenjodzi dzaro dzinogona kuitika, pamwe chete nematanho ekutanga ekudzivirira.
Chii chinonzi Ammonia Gas?
Ammonia igesi isina ruvara, ine alkaline inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura. Kana yanyungudika, ammonia inoumba mhinduro inoparadza yeammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH). Muzvisikwa, ammonia inoumbwa kubva mukuora kwezvinhu zvipenyu (zvakaita semarara echikafu, tsvina yemhuka, uye zvitunha) netupukanana. Nokudaro, gasi reammonia rinowanzoonekwa mumatanga ezvipfuyo, mumarara, kana mumasisitimu etsvina.
Mumaindasitiri, ammonia inogadzirwa zvakanyanya uchishandisa nzira yeHaber-Bosch, iyo inosanganisirwa pakati penitrogen (N₂) nehydrogen (H₂) pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa uchishandisa catalyst. Kugadzirwa uku kunoita kuti ammonia ive imwe yemakemikari akakosha eindasitiri pasi rose.
Mabhenefiti eAmmonia Gas
1. Zvishandiso zveFetereza yekurima
Kushandiswa kukuru kweAmoniya sechinhu chikuru mufetereza yenitrogen. Nitrogen inokosha pakukura kwezvirimwa, kunyanya pakuumbwa kwemashizha nechlorophyll. Amoniya inoshandiswa kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzefetereza, dzakadai se:
– Urea
- Ammonium nitrate
– Ammonium sulfate
– Ammonium phosphate
Pasina fetereza inobva kuammonia, goho rekurima remazuva ano raizoderera zvakanyanya. Nyika zhinji dzinoshandisa fetereza yenitrogen kuti dzigutse zvinodiwa nevanhu vadzo nezvekudya.
2. Zvidziyo zvemafiriji muindasitiri
Amonia inoshandiswa semuchina wekuisa mufiriji ine kodhi R-717 mumaindasitiri ekutonhodza, semuenzaniso mune:
- fekitori yekudya yakaomeswa nechando,
- imba yekuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora,
- indasitiri yekugadzira nyama nehove,
– fekitari yechando.
Amonia yakasarudzwa nekuda kwekugona kwayo kupinza kupisa kwakanyanya uye kushanda kwayo zvakanaka kwethermodynamic. Kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mafiriji ekugadzira, ammonia inoonekwawo seyakachengeteka kune zvakatipoteredza kana tichitarisa kugona kwayo kudziya kwepasi rose (GWP) nekuda kwekukosha kwayo kwakaderera. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwayo kunoda mitemo yakachengeteka yepamusoro nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hune chepfu uye ngura.
3. Kuchenesa uye Kuchenesa Zvinhu
Mune zvimwe zvinhu, ammonia inoshandiswa semushonga wekuchenesa, semuenzaniso kubvisa mafuta, mavara akaomarara, kana tsvina kubva mugirazi nepamusoro pevhu. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvine ammonia nekuda kwekugona kwayo kunyungudutsa mafuta netsvina.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kana uchishandisa michina yekuchenesa yakagadzirwa neammonia, tevera mirairo yakanyorwa. Kusanganisa ammonia nezvimwe zvinhu (zvakaita sechlorine bleach) kunogona kuburitsa magasi anokuvadza.
4. Indasitiri yeMakemikoro neMishonga
Amoniya inoshanda sechinhu chisina kugadzirwa kana kuti reagent mumaitiro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari, semuenzaniso mukugadzirwa kwe:
- mamwe mapurasitiki nemafiber ekugadzira,
– zvinoputika zvemaindasitiri (kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakaita seammonium nitrate),
- dhayi,
- makemikari ekurapa mvura,
- matanho akati wandei ekugadzira mishonga muindasitiri yemishonga.
Kuvapo kweammonia kunoita kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvatinoshandisa zuva nezuva zvibudirire, kunyangwe zvisingawanzoonekwi nevatengi.
5. Kurapa Mvura Netsvina
Amonia nezvimwe zvinobva mairi zvine basa guru mukurapa mvura. Zvisinei, ammonia inogonawo kusvibisa. Nokudaro, mumiti yekurapa mvura yakasviba (WWTPs), huwandu hweammonia hunowanzo tariswa uye huderedzwa kuburikidza nemaitiro ehupenyu (nitrification-denitrification) kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Njodzi dzeAmmonia Gas
Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira, gasi reammonia rinotsamwisa zvikuru uye rinogona kuva nechepfu pane mamwe mazinga. Njodzi dzekusangana naro dzinogona kuitika mumaindasitiri, zvipfuyo, marabhoritari, kana mudzimba (zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa).
1. Njodzi kuSistimu yeKufema
Gasi reAmmonia rinogona kutsamwisa mhuno, pahuro, nemapapu. Kupisa zvishoma kunogona kukonzera:
- kukosora,
- kunzwa kupisa mumhino nepahuro,
- zvakaoma kufema,
– maziso ane mvura.
Kuonekwa kwenguva refu kana kuti kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera:
- bronchospasm (kutetepa kwenzira dzekufema),
– kuzvimba kwemapapu (kuungana kwemvura mumapapu),
- kukuvara kwakanyanya kwenhengo dzemapapu.
Nekuti ammonia inonyungudika mumvura, inokurumidza kusangana nehunyoro muhuro hwekufema uye mucous membranes, zvichikonzera kutsamwa kukuru.
2. Kurwadziwa kwemaziso neganda
Amoniya ine njodziwo kana ikasangana nemaziso neganda, kunyanya muzvinhu zvakasanganiswa kana mumhando dzegasi dzine huwandu hwakawanda. Migumisiro inogona kuitika inosanganisira:
- maziso anovava uye matsvuku,
- njodzi yekutsva nemakemikari ku cornea,
– ganda rinokwenya, rakatsvuka, uye rine maronda.
Kana zvikapinda mumaziso, chirwere ichi chinogona kunge chiri chekukurumidzira kurapwa nekuti chinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekuona zvachose kana chikasarapwa nekukurumidza.
3. Njodzi yeChepfu uye Kusangana Nevanhu Vakanyanya Kurwara
Kusangana nehuwandu hwakawanda hweammonia kunogona kukonzera dzungu, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, uye kutorasikirwa nepfungwa. Kana paine kudonha kukuru kwemvura munzvimbo yeindasitiri, gasi reammonia rinogona kupararira nekukurumidza uye ringave nengozi kuvashandi nenharaunda yakapoteredza, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakavharirwa kana dzisina mhepo yakakwana.
Muzviitiko zvakanyanya, kubatwa nechirwere ichi zvakanyanya kunogona kuuraya.
4. Kusangana Nengozi Nemamwe Makemikoro
Imwe njodzi inowanikwa mudzimba ndeyekusanganisa mishonga yekuchenesa yakagadzirwa neammonia ne chlorine-containing bleach. Musanganiswa uyu unogona kuburitsa magasi ane chepfu (akadai se chloramines) anotsamwisa nekukuvadza nzira yekufema.
Saka, nheyo dzakakosha pakushandisa zvinhu zvekuchenesa ndedzinotevera:
– usasanganisa zvigadzirwa zvisina hanya,
- verenga chinyorwa,
- shandisa mhepo yakanaka.
5. Kukanganiswa Kwezvakatipoteredza
Amoniya inogona kusvibisa kana ikaburitswa mumhepo nemumvura. Munharaunda:
– Amoniya inogona kuburitsa hwema hunokanganisa, kunyanya pedyo nezvipfuyo kana nzvimbo dzinorasirwa marara.
– Mumvura, huwandu hwakawanda hweammonia hune chepfu kuhove nezvisikwa zvemumvura.
– Amoniya inogonawo kubatsira mukuumbwa kwezvidimbu zvidiki (PM2.5) mumhepo kuburikidza nekuita pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemhepo.
Kuchengetedzwa Kwepakutanga uye Kudzivirira
Kuti uwane mabhenefiti eammonia pasina kukuvadza, matanho ekuchengetedza anotevera akakosha kuita:
1. Kufema zvakanaka
Shandisa ammonia munzvimbo yakashama kana munzvimbo ine mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka. Dzivisa kufema utsi hwacho.
2. Shandisa midziyo yekudzivirira (PPE)
Munzvimbo yebasa: pfeka chifukidziro/chinofema chakakodzera, jira rekudzivirira maziso, magirovhosi asingashandise makemikari, uye mbatya dzekudzivirira.
3. Usasanganisa zvinhu zvekuchenesa
Kunyanya musasanganisa ammonia nechlorine bleach kana strong acids.
4. Chengeta zvakanaka
Chengeta zvigadzirwa zveammonia mumidziyo yakavharwa zvakasimba, kure nevana, uye dzivisa kupisa zvakanyanya.
5. Kubatsira kana mvura yabuda panguva yekukurumidzira
Kana ammonia ikadonha zvakanyanya, bvisai nzvimbo yacho, dzivisai nzira dzinofamba nemhepo dzinotakura gasi, uye taurai nevakuru vakuru kana timu yeK3.
Mhedziso
Gasi reAmmonia chinhu chakakosha muhupenyu hwemazuva ano. Rinobatsira kuwedzera goho rekurima kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwaro sefetereza yenitrogen, rinovandudza mashandiro ekutonhodza mumaindasitiri, uye rinotsigira maitiro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari nekuchenesa. Zvisinei, ammonia inewo njodzi huru: inotsamwisa nzira yekufema, inokuvadza maziso neganda, ine mukana wekukonzera chepfu, uye inogona kukanganisa nharaunda kana ikaburitswa isina kudzorwa.
Chinhu chikuru chekushandisa ammonia zvinobudirira kushandiswa nemazvo, kutevedzera nzira dzekuchengetedza, uye kutarisa huwandu hweamoniya nedzekuchengetera. Nenzira iyi, mabhenefiti ayo anogona kuwedzerwa pasina kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu nekuchengetedzeka kana kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
