Basa reNessler Tube muAnalytical Chemistry
Mukuongorora kemesitiri, kururama kwekuyera kunowanzo tariswa nekuti muongorori anodzora sei zvinhu zvidiki zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro. Kunze kwezvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvakaita se spectrophotometers, kunewo magirazi akareruka anoramba akakosha nekuda kwebasa rawo rakanyatsojeka uye rinoshanda. Chimwe chishandiso chakadaro iNessler flash. Kunyangwe ichitaridzika sechubhu yekuyedza yakajairika, Nessler flash yakagadzirirwa zvakananga colorimetric analysis (kuyerwa kwesimba remavara) uye yagara ichishandiswa mumaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuyedza, kunyanya kune ma parameter anogadzira ruvara mushure memamwe maitiro emakemikari.
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu hweNessler Tube
Chubhu yeNessler ichubhu yegirazi yakaita sedenderedzwa inowanzogadzirwa negirazi rakajeka remhando yepamusoro kudzivirira kukanganisa kutariswa kwemavara. Hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana kana ichienzaniswa nemachubhu ekuyedza akajairika anosanganisira:
1. Hwaro hwechubhu hwakati sandara uye hwakajeka, kuitira kuti chubhu ikwanise kumira yakatwasuka patafura uye inobvumira kutarisa ruvara zvakanaka kubva kune imwe nzira.
2. Kureba nedhayamita zvakafanana, zvinobatsira kugadzira urefu hwenzira yechiedza hwakafanana kana uchienzanisa kusimba kwemavara pakati pemachubhu.
3. Mavanga ehuwandu (kupedza kudzidza kana mamaki) anobatsira kuona kuti huwandu hwemhinduro hwakafanana pakuenzanisa mavara.
4. Kazhinji inoshandiswa mumapoka maviri kana muchikamu, nekuti musimboti mukuru ndewekuenzanisa muenzaniso nechiyero.
Dhizaini yacho haisi yekungoyevedza chete; zvese zvakagadzirirwa kutsigira maitiro ari nyore asi anodzorwa ekuyera kana kuverenga mavara zvichibva pakuona.
Nheyo dzekushanda mukuongorora kwemavara
Basa guru rechubhu yeNessler nderekuti ive nemudziyo wekuita uye muenzanisire mukuona mavara. Munzira iyi, analyte inopindurwa nechinhu chaicho chinoita kuti ibudise ruvara. Kusimba kweruvara urwu kunoenzaniswa nemhinduro yakajairika yehuwandu hunozivikanwa. Kana ruvara rwakanyanya, huwandu hweanalyte hunokwira (chero bedzi huri mukati mehuwandu hwekushanda kwenzira uye huchitevera mutemo weBeer-Lambert maererano nehunhu uye huwandu).
Mukuita, muongorori achagadzirira:
– Chubhu iyi ine sampuli yakapindurwa.
– Chubhu iyi ine mwero (kana kuti nhevedzano yemwero) iyo inopindurwawo pasi pemamiriro akafanana.
– Dzimwe nguva inoperekedzwa nechinhu chisina chinhu (reagent isina analyte) kugadzirisa ruvara rwekutanga rwereagent kana matrix.
Chubhu yeNessler inobvumira kuenzanisa kuti kuitwe zvakaenzana nekuti chimiro chechubhu chakafanana uye hwaro hwakati sandara zvinoderedza kusiyana kwekona yekuona uye nzira yechiedza.
Basa reNessler Tube muAnalytical Chemistry
Zvinotevera ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha paNessler tube mukuongorora kemesitiri, mumarabhoritari edzidzo nemarabhoritari anoshandiswa.
1. Chigadziko cheReaction cheKugadzika Ruvara Rwakagadzikana
Mukuongorora kwemavara, kugadzikana kwemavara kwakakosha. Chubhu yeNessler inoshanda semudziyo wekuita apo ma reagents anowedzerwa, musanganiswa wacho unogadziriswa, uye ruvara runobvumirwa kukura kwenguva yakatarwa. Nekuti chubhu inogona kubatwa yakatwasuka uye ine vhoriyamu yekushanda yakafanana, kukura kwemavara kunogona kudzorwa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoderedza zvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwemavhoriyamu kana kusanganiswa kusina kufanana.
2. Chishandiso Chekuenzanisa Ruvara Runoonekwa
Basa guru reNessler tube nderekuenzanisa ruvara rwemuenzaniso nechiyero. Kuongororwa kunowanzoitwa nekuisa chubhu pamucheto muchena kana pachigadziko chekuenzanisa, wobva waiona kubva padivi kana kubva kumusoro (zvichienderana nemaitiro acho). Nekuenzanisa kusimba kwemavara, vaongorori vanogona kufungidzira huwandu hweanalyte, kunyanya kana zvishandiso zvakaita sespectrophotometer zvisipo.
Nzira iyi ine miganhu nekuti inoenderana nemaonero evanhu, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda ari nyore kana kuti murabhoritari, inoramba ichibatsira zvikuru.
3. Inovimbisa kufanana kweVhoriyamu neNzira yeOptical
Machubhu eNessler anowanzova nezviratidzo zvehuwandu hwakasiyana, zvakaita se50 mL kana 100 mL, kuitira kuti mhinduro dzese (muenzaniso neyakajairwa) dzikwanise kuenzana muhuwandu. Kufanana uku kwehuwandu kwakabatana nekuenzana kwenzira ye optical—kana zviyero zvechubhu uye hurefu hwemhinduro zvikafanana, kuenzanisa kwemavara kwakarurama. Nemamwe mashoko, machubhu eNessler anobatsira kuderedza kusiyana kusingabvi mukusiyana kwehuwandu hwe analyte.
4. Inotsigira Nzira Yakareruka yeCalibration neStandard Series
Mumarabhoritari mazhinji ekuongorora, machubhu eNessler anoshandiswa kugadzira nhevedzano yematanho (semuenzaniso, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg/L), imwe neimwe iine reagent imwechete. Mienzaniso yacho inobva yaenzaniswa nemavara zvichienderana nematanho ematanho. Maitiro aya inzira iri nyore, iri nyore kunzwisisa, isingadhuri, uye inoshanda yekudzidzisa pfungwa yemakori ematanho ekugadzirisa uye hukama huripo pakati pehuwandu hwezvinhu uye kusimba kwemavara.
5. Zvishandiso Zvakakosha mukuongorora Ammonia (Nessler Reaction)
Chubhu yeNessler inoreva kuyera ammonia (NH₃/NH₄⁺) uchishandisa reagent yaNessler. Mukuita uku, ammonia inopindura kuti ibudise ruvara rweyero kusvika rwebrown (zvichienderana nehuwandu hwayo) runogona kuyerwa nemaziso kana nemudziyo. Machubhu eNessler anowanzo shandiswa nekuti kuongorora ammonia ndeimwe yemienzaniso yakajairika yemhando yemavara ekare, semuenzaniso mukuongorora hunhu hwemvura, kuongorora mvura yakasviba, uye kuyedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kunyange zvazvo kuverenga kwava kuitwa ne spectrophotometer, machubhu eNessler achiri kushandiswa padanho rekugadzirira reaction kana seimwe nzira kana michina isipo.
6. Inobatsira pakuona nekuongorora zvinhu zvishoma (Semi-Quantitative Detection and Screening)
Mukutonga kwemhando yepamusoro kana kuyedza nekukurumidza, dzimwe nguva chinodiwa hachisi nhamba chaiyo, asi kuti chione kana huwandu hwechinhu huchipfuura muganho wakati. Machubhu eNessler akanakira kuongorora kwekuongorora nekuti ruvara rwunobuda runogona kuenzaniswa nyore nyore nemuganho wakajairwa. Nzira iyi inogona kuchengetedza nguva nemari, kunyanya kana uchiyedza huwandu hwakawanda hwesampuru.
Zvakanakira uye Zvisina Kukwana
Kelebihan
– Zviri nyore uye zvisingadhuri: hazvidi zvishandiso zvinodhura.
– Zviri nyore kushandisa: zvakakodzera kuma practical nema laboratory ane zvivakwa zvishoma.
- Yakavimbika kune mamwe marudzi: kunyanya kune huwandu hunoita kuti mavara aonekwe zvakasiyana.
Miganhu
– Kufunga nezvemunhu: mhedzisiro inoenderana nekugona kuona kwemuongorori, chiedza, uye maonero emavara.
– Inogona kukanganiswa nekukanganiswa kwematrix: ruvara rwesampuro, turbidity, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinopindura zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro.
- Kunyatsojeka kushoma kana tichienzanisa nenzira dzekushandisa; pakuongorora mitemo, kuongororwa ne spectrophotometry kunowanzodiwa.
Saka, kushandiswa kwemachubhu eNessler kunowanzo shandiswa pakudzidza, kuongorora nekukurumidza, kana nzira dzekare dzinokurudzirwa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Maitiro Akanaka Pakushandisa Nessler Tubes
Kuti mhedzisiro yekuongorora ienderane, maitiro akanaka akati wandei anofanirwa kuitwa:
1. Shandisa mwenje wakafanana uye kumashure kuchena.
2. Enzanisa vhoriyamu yekupedzisira yemuenzaniso uye yakajairika nemazvo.
3. Iva nechokwadi chekuti nguva yekupindura yakafanana kune machubhu ese.
4. Chenesa chubhu kusvika yapera mavara, sezvo mavara anogona kuchinja maonero eruvara.
5. Kana zvichibvira, enzanisai nevacherechedzi vanopfuura mumwe chete kuti muderedze rusaruro rwepfungwa.
Penutup
Chubhu yeNessler muenzaniso wekuti midziyo yegirazi iri nyore ichiri kuita basa rakakosha sei mukuongorora kemikari. Basa rayo guru semudziyo wekuita uye chishandiso chekuenzanisa mukuongorora kwemavara chinoita kuti ive yakakosha, kunyanya pakusarudza kwakavakirwa pahuremu hwemavara senge kuongorora kweammonia neNessler reagent. Nekugadzirwa kwayo kunokurudzira kufanana kwehuwandu uye nzira yekutarisa, chubhu iyi inobatsira kugadzira kuenzanisa kwemavara kwakafanana kupfuura machubhu akajairwa. Pasinei nekusakwana kwayo mukururama uye subjectivity, chubhu yeNessler inoramba iri chishandiso chinobatsira pakudzidzisa, nzira dzekare, uye kuyedza nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuongorora makemikari.
