Chii chinonzi Hypertonic Solution?
Mumakirasi emakemikari nebiology, izwi rekuti hypertonic solution rinowanzo taurwa kana tichikurukura nezvekufamba kwemvura kuburikidza nemasero, kuenzana kwemvura mumuviri, uye mashandisirwo ayo mukurapa. Kunyange zvazvo zvinganzwika sezvehunyanzvi, pfungwa ye hypertonic solution iri nyore kunzwisisa kana tikanzwisisa kiyi: mutsauko mukuwanda kwe solute uye kuti mutsauko iwoyo "unodhonza" sei mvura kuti ifambe. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura tsananguro ye hypertonic solution, mashandiro ayo, mienzaniso, mhedzisiro yayo pamasero, uye mabhenefiti ayo nenjodzi dziripo.
Kunzwisisa Mhinduro dzeHypertonic
Mhinduro yehypertonic imhinduro ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe solute (senge munyu kana shuga) kupfuura mhinduro yayo yereferensi, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa nemvura iri mukati mesero kana imwe mhinduro yakaparadzaniswa ne membrane inonyungudika zvishoma. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda hwe solute, mhinduro yehypertonic ine pressure yakakura ye osmotic.
Izwi rekuti "hyper-" rinoreva "yakakwirira" kana "yakawanda," nepo "tonic" richireva tonicity, kugona kwemushonga wekugadzirisa kufamba kwemvura pamembrane inopindika zvishoma nekuda kwekusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvinonyungudutsa zvisingagone kupfuura nepamembrane. Saka, kana mhinduro ichinzi hypertonic kumasero, zvinoreva kuti mhinduro iri kunze kwemasero yakanyanya kuzara kupfuura mvura iri mukati memasero.
Kunzwisisa Osmosis uye Tonicity
Kuti pfungwa yemhinduro dze hypertonic ijekeswe, zvakakosha kunzwisisa mazwi maviri ekutanga: osmosis uye tonicity.
1. Osmosis kufamba kwemamorekuru emvura kubva kunzvimbo ine huwandu hwakaderera (hwakanyanya kunyungudika) kuenda kunzvimbo ine huwandu hwakanyanya (hwakanyanya kunyungudika) kuburikidza nemembrane inonyungudika semi-permeatable. Kamudzira kanonyungudika semi-permeatable kanobvumira mvura kupfuura nepakati, asi kanoganhurira kana kudzivirira mamwe ma solutes kuti asapfuure nepakati.
2. Tonicity imhedzisiro yemhinduro pahuwandu hwemasero nekuda kwe osmosis. Tonicity inofunga nezve solutes dzisingakwanise kuyambuka membrane (isingapindi mvura). Saka, mhinduro mbiri dzinogona kuva nehuwandu hwakafanana, asi tonicity effect inogona kusiyana kana kugona kwe solute kuyambuka membrane kwakasiyana.
Mishonga yeHypertonic, nekuti yakanyanya kusimba, "inodhonza" mvura kubva mumasero. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masero anorasikirwa nemvura uye anoderera.
Chii Chinoitika Kumasero MuHypertonic Solution?
Kana sero (rakadai sesero dzvuku reropa, sero remuti, kana sero remhuka) rikaiswa mumhinduro yehypertonic, mvura inobva musero ichienda kune mhinduro yakabatana. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti mvura inoedza kuenzana mutsauko wehuwandu.
Kukanganiswa kwemasero kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwemasero:
– Mumasero emhuka (kusanganisira masero matsvuku eropa): Masero anodzikira nekuda kwekurasikirwa nemvura. Mumasero matsvuku eropa, kudzikira uku uye kutaridzika kwemakwinya kunonzi crenation. Kana izvi zvikaitika zvakanyanya, mashandiro emasero anogona kukanganiswa.
– Mumasero emiti: Mvura inobudawo, asi masero emiti ane madziro emasero akaomarara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, membrane yesero inogona kubva pamadziro esero, zvichiita kuti sero riome. Chiitiko ichi chinonzi plasmolysis. Zvirimwa zvinosangana neplasmolysis yakanyanya zvinoita sekunge zvaoma uye zvinoomerwa nekuchengetedza turgor pressure, kumanikidzwa kwemukati kunoita kuti chirimwa chirambe chakamira.
Saka, mishonga ye hypertonic inowanzoita kuti masero aderere uye arasikirwe nehukuru.
Kusiyana pakati peHypertonic, Isotonic, uye Hypotonic Solutions
Kuti vasavhiringidzike, heino kuenzanisa:
1. Hypertonic: Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa kwakakwira kupfuura musero → mvura inobuda musero → sero rinodzikira.
2. Isotonic: Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa kwakafanana nekwakaiswa musero → hapana kufamba kwemvura kwakazara → sero rinoramba rakagadzikana.
3. Hypotonic: Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa kwakaderera pane mukati mesero → mvura inopinda musero → sero rinozvimba, uye rinogona kutoputika (mumasero emhuka) kana zvakanyanya.
Panyaya yemvura yemuviri wemunhu, mishonga ye isotonic inowanzoonekwa se "yakachengeteka" pakuisa mvura nekuti inochengetedza kugadzikana kwemasero. Zvisinei, mishonga ye hypertonic ichiri nezvakanaka kana ikashandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera uye muchiyero chakakodzera.
Mienzaniso yeHypertonic Solutions muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
Pfungwa yemhinduro dze hypertonic inogona kuwanikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda, semuenzaniso:
– Mvura ine munyu wakawanda: Kana munyu wakawanda kupfuura mvura iri musero, zvinoreva kuti une simba guru.
– Mushonga wakakora weshuga: Semuenzaniso, sirapu ine shuga yakawanda inogona kukonzera masero madiki.
– Maitiro ekuchengetedza chikafu: Munyu neshuga zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya. Izvi zvinoitwa nekugadzira nzvimbo ine simba rinoburitsa mvura mumasero etupukanana, zvichiita kuti zviomere kurarama. Mienzaniso inosanganisira hove dzine munyu, michero ine maswiti, kana jamu.
Kuchengetedza nemunyu neshuga hakungoshandi chete pakuuraya utachiona, asi kunonyanya kuderedza mvura yakasununguka (kushanda kwemvura) uye kukonzera kupera simba kwemasero ehutachiona.
Mhinduro dzeHypertonic muNyika yezvekurapa
Mukurapa, mishonga ye hypertonic inoshandiswa pazvinangwa chaizvo, kunyanya kudhonza mvura kuburikidza ne osmosis. Zvisinei, inofanira kushandiswa nekungwarira, sezvo ichigona kushandura electrolyte balance uye vhoriyamu yemvura.
Mimwe mienzaniso yekushandiswa:
1. Munyu weHypertonic (semuenzaniso 3% NaCl)
Mushonga weHypertonic saline unogona kushandiswa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, akadai sekubatsira kurapa hyponatremia yakanyanya uye ine zviratidzo (huwandu hwakaderera hwe sodium muropa). Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda hwe sodium, kuiswa kwayo kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwe sodium, asi inofanira kutariswa zvakanyanya kudzivirira matambudziko anokonzerwa nekuwedzera nekukurumidza kwe sodium.
2. Kurapa kweHypertonic saline mukufema
Mune zvimwe zvirwere zvekufema, mishonga ye hypertonic yakasanganiswa nebulized inogona kubatsira kuderedza uye kuburitsa phlegm. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti mishonga ye hypertonic inokwevera mvura pamusoro penzira dzekufema, zvichiita kuti manyoka abudise nyore. Zvisinei, mune vamwe vanhu, inogona kukonzera kutsamwa kana bronchospasm, saka kutarisirwa nachiremba kunodiwa.
3. Shandisa kuderedza kuzvimba kwemamwe matishu
Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu ekurapa, mvura ine hypertonic inogona kubatsira kufambisa mvura kubva munzvimbo dzenyama kuenda kutsinga dzeropa. Zvisinei, maitiro aya anoenderana nechiratidzo uye nzira yekurapa.
Mabhenefiti uye Njodzi dzeHypertonic Solutions
Mabhenefiti makuru:
– Inodhonza mvura kubva mumasero kana mumatishu (inobatsira pazvinangwa zvakati).
– Inodzivirira kukura kwetupukanana (inobatsira kuchengetedza).
- Inogona kubatsira kusunungura madzihwa mune dzimwe nzira dzekufema.
Njodzi nemigumisiro yakaipa:
– Kana ikarova masero emuviri isina kudzorwa, inogona kukonzera kuti masero aderere uye asashande zvakanaka.
- Mukushandiswa kwekurapa, zvinogona kukanganisa kuenzana kwema electrolyte (semuenzaniso sodium) uye kukanganisa BP kana mamiriro emvura mumuviri.
– Inogona kukonzera kutsamwa kana ikashandiswa panhengo dzinonzwa kurwadza, dzakadai senzira yekufema mune vamwe varwere.
Saka, mishonga yehypertonic haifanirwe kushandiswa zvisina hanya. Munyaya yekurapa, chiyero, kumhanya kwekushandiswa, uye mamiriro emurwere zvinhu zvakakosha pakuona kuchengetedzeka.
Mhedziso
Mhinduro yehypertonic imhinduro ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe solute pane mhinduro yekureva, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa nemvura iri mukati mesero. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwehuwandu, mhinduro yehypertonic ine simba guru re osmotic uye inowanzo dhonza mvura kubva musero kuburikidza ne osmosis. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masero emhuka anogona kucheneswa (kuderera), nepo masero ezvirimwa achigona kusangana ne plasmolysis (membrane inobva pamadziro esero uye chirimwa chinosvava). Kunyangwe ichigona kuita se "yakaoma" pamasero, mhinduro dzehypertonic dzine mashandisirwo akakosha mukuchengetedza chikafu nemishonga, chero bedzi dzakashandiswa nemazvo uye nenzira inodzorwa.
Kana muchida, ndinogonawo kuwedzera mufananidzo uri nyore (dhayagiramu) nezvemafambiro emvura mumhinduro yehypertonic, kana kugadzira chinyorwa chesainzi chemabasa echikoro/koreji chine mareferensi.
