Kugadzira Zvitsva muTransdermal Preparations
Kuendesa mishonga kuburikidza neganda inzira yekuendesa mishonga kuburikidza neganda kuti iite mhedzisiro yenzvimbo kana yemuviri. Kana tichienzanisa nenzira dzemuromo kana dzejekiseni, kutumira mishonga kuburikidza neganda kune zvakanakira zvakakosha: kudzivirira metabolism yekutanga muchiropa, kuvandudza kutevedzera kwemurwere nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, uye kubvumira kuburitswa kwemishonga kwenguva yakati rebei. Zvisinei, ganda—kunyanya stratum corneum—ichipingamupinyi chehupenyu chinoshanda zvikuru. Dambudziko guru retekinoroji ye transdermal nderekuti ungawedzera sei kupinda kwemishonga pasina kukonzera kutsamwa, kukuvara kwenyama, kana kusiyanisa kwakanyanya kwekunyudzwa. Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, hunyanzvi muzvinhu, mainjiniya emidziyo, uye sainzi yekugadzira zvakatungamira kushanduka kwemasisitimu ekuendesa mishonga kuburikidza neganda kuti ave akaomarara uye akanangana.
Pfungwa Dzekutanga Nematambudziko Ekushandiswa Kwetransdermal
Ganda remunhu rinoumbwa ne epidermis, dermis, uye subcutaneous tissue. Stratum corneum—chikamu chekunze che epidermis—inoshanda se "madziro ezvidhinha" anoumbwa ne corneocytes (zvidhinha) uye lipids (simende). Chimiro ichi chinosarudzwa zvakanyanya: mamorekuru madiki, anopfava, uye asina kupiswa anopfuura nepaganda zviri nyore kupfuura mamorekuru makuru, anopfava, kana ane chaji. Saka, haasi mishonga yese yakakodzera kuendeswa kune transdermal. Mamwe matambudziko anosanganisira kusiyana kweganda, mhedzisiro yekupisa nedikita, uye mukana wekuti munhu anzwe allergy kune zvinonamira kana zvinosimudzira kupinda.
Kugadzira mishonga ye transdermal kunonyanya kutarisisa zvinhu zviviri: (1) kuwedzera kugona kwemishonga kupinda muganda, uye (2) kudzora kuburitswa kwemishonga kuitira kuti igare yakachengeteka uye ichishanda zvakanaka.
Kushanduka kweMapatches eTransdermal: Kubva kuzvizvarwa zvekutanga kusvika kuSystem dzakangwara
Mapatches ekutanga e transdermal aiwanzova masisitimu ekuchengetedza kana matrix. Masisitimu ekuchengetedza anochengeta mushonga "muhomwe" ine membrane inodzorwa ne rate, nepo matrix patches ichisanganisa mushonga mukati me polymer uye ichiusunungura nekupararira. Nekufamba kwenguva, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zve polymer uye manamatiro kwave kukosheswa. Manamatiro anoshanda mabasa maviri: kubatanidza chigamba uye dzimwe nguva kushanda senzira yekupararira kwemishonga. Nhasi, kushandiswa kwemanamatiro anonzwa kumanikidzwa (PSAs), ayo akasimba, asinganyanyi kushatirisa, uye anoenderana nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana, kwave kushandiswa.
Imwe nzira itsva inotevera ndeye "zvigamba" zve "smart" zvisingangobatanidzi chete uye zvinoburitsa mishonga chete asiwo zvinogona kupindura kune mamiriro chaiwo. Mienzaniso inosanganisira magadzirirwo anofunga nezvekuchinja kwekushisa kweganda kana pH kugadzirisa mwero wekuburitswa kwemishonga. Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvese izvi zvisati zvava zvigadzirwa zvakapararira, maitiro ekushandisa michina yakasarudzika ari kuwedzera kuoneka, kunyanya pakurapa kwenguva refu.
Zvinowedzera Kupinda Kwakachengeteka
Zvinowedzera simba rekupinda muganda zvinhu zvinowedzera kupararira kwemishonga kuburikidza ne stratum corneum. Kazhinji, izvi zvinosanganisira alcohols, glycols, terpenes, fatty acids, kana mamwe ma surfactants. Zvisinei, zvakawanda zvinosimudzira simba reganda zvine mukana wekukonzera kutsamwa, kunzwa, kana kuoma kana zvikashandiswa zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, hunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hunotarisa pane zvinosimudzira ganda zviri nyore uye zvakanangana nazvo.
Nzira dziri kubuda dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemisanganiswa yezvinosimudzira ine dose shoma yemigumisiro yekubatana, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Uyezve, kusarudzwa kwezvinosimudzira zvakasikwa (semuenzaniso, terpenes chaiyo) uye kugadzirisa chiyero che lipid-to-aqueous phase mukati memafomula inzira dzekuenzanisa kushanda uye kushivirira.
Masisitimu Ekutakura Akavakirwa paNanotechnology
Nanotechnology iri kuunza shanduko huru mukugadzirwa kwe transdermal. Masisitimu ekutakura akadai se liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, uye polymer nanoparticles ari kugadzirwa kuti awedzere kupinda kwemishonga uye kugadzikana. Maitiro avo akasiyana: mamwe "anonyorovesa" stratum corneum lipids, mamwe anowedzera kunyungudika kwemishonga, uye mamwe anorerutsira kuendeswa zvishoma nezvishoma kuzvikamu zvakadzika zveganda.
Semuenzaniso, maTransfersomes nema ethosomes akagadzirwa kuti agone kuchinjika kuitira kuti agone kupinda muma microcracks mu stratum corneum. Panguva imwecheteyo, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) uye nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) zvinopa lipid matrices dzinogona kudzivirira mishonga kubva mukuora, kuderedza kutsamwa, uye kupa kusunungurwa kwakadzorwa. Izvi zvitsva zvakakosha kune mishonga isinganyungudike zvakanaka, isina kugadzikana kuoxidation, kana inoda kuendeswa zvakananga.
Pasinei nevimbiso yayo, matambudziko ne nanotechnology anosanganisira kuwanda kwekugadzirwa, kugara kwenguva refu kwehukuru hwezvinhu, kugadzikana kwekuchengetedza, uye kuongororwa kwenguva refu kwekuchengetedzwa. Mitemo inodawo humbowo hwekuti nanosystems hadzina njodzi itsva dzechepfu.
Microsinde: Inopinda muGanda Rinodzivirira Marwadzo Mashoma
Matinji madiki ndeimwe yenzira itsva dzinozivikanwa mukutumira matinji kubva muganda. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandisa tinji diki kwazvo kugadzira nzira dzenguva pfupi mu stratum corneum, zvichiita kuti mushonga upinde pasina kurwadziwa kukuru kwejekiseni remazuva ose. Tinji dzinogona kunge dzakasimba (buri rinogadzirwa uye mushonga unoiswa), dzakaputirwa (mushonga unofukidza tsono), dzisina chinhu (sekunge majekiseni madiki), uye dzakanyungudika (tsono inonyunguduka yoburitsa mushonga).
Chinhu chikuru chine ma microneedles ndechekuti anovhura mukana wekupa mamorekuru makuru akadai sema peptides, mapuroteni, kana majekiseni, ayo aimbove akaoma kuisa transdermal. Uyezve, kunyungudutsa microneedles kunoderedza njodzi yekurasa marara e sharps nekuti tsono hadzifanirwe kuraswa se sharps. Zvinhu zvitsva zvakaita se biocompatible polymers ne polymerized sugar zvinowedzerawo kuchengetedzeka uye nyaradzo.
Iontophoresis neSonophoresis: Simba reKusimudzira Mishonga
Imwe nzira itsva ndeyekushandisa simba remuviri kuti riwedzere kupinda. Iontophoresis inoshandisa simba remagetsi risina simba kuti ifambise mamorekuru ane chaji nepaganda. Nzira iyi yakakodzera mishonga ine chaji kana ionizable uye inopa kudzora kwakanyatsojeka kwedosi: mwero wekutumira unogona kugadziriswa nekuchinja simba remagetsi. Sonophoresis inoshandisa mafungu e ultrasound kukanganisa chimiro chemafuta e stratum corneum, zvichiita kuti pave nekupenya kwemvura.
Matekinoroji ese ari maviri ane mukana wekushandiswa pamidziyo inopfekwa, zvichiita kuti kurapwa kumba kuongororwe. Matambudziko makuru ndeekuona kuti kushandiswa kwacho kwakachengeteka, kudzivirira kushatirwa kwekupisa, uye kuchengetedza michina iri nyore uye isingadhuri.
Mafomu Matsva: Gel, Spray, uye Transdermal Film
Kunze kwemachira, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zviri kuitikawo mune mamwe marudzi emupimo akadai semachira emuganda, mapfapfaidzo, uye mafirita matete. Machira emuganda anorerutsa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakakura uye anogona kupa kunzwa kwakanaka, asi anowanzo sangana nedambudziko remupimo wakasiyana kana ukasashandiswa nguva dzose. Machira emuganda anopa kushandiswa nekukurumidza uye kwakachena, nepo mafirita matete anogona kuva imwe nzira inochinjika pane machira akakora.
Munyaya iyi, hunyanzvi hwe rheological (kusviba), nguva yekuoma, kugona kugadzira firimu, uye kuenderana neganda ndizvo zvinonyanya kudiwa pakukura. Firimu rakanaka rinofanira kunge rakasimba asi richipfava, risingabvi, uye richibvumira ganda "kufema" kudzivirira maceration.
Nzira dzeRamangwana: Kugadzirisa, Zvinopfekwa, uye Kubatanidzwa kweDigital
Remangwana rema "transdermal dosage forms" riri kufambira mberi pakubatanidzwa netekinoroji yedhijitari. Pfungwa yema "patches" anogona kutarisisa parameters dzemuviri (semuenzaniso, tembiricha yeganda, ziya, kana zviratidzo zvakati wandei) uye obva agadzirisa mwero wekuburitswa kwemishonga iri kuva nzvimbo huru yekutsvagisa. Muvarwere vane zvirwere zvisingaperi, masisitimu aya ane mukana wekuvandudza kudzora kurapwa uye kuderedza njodzi yekuwedzerwa kwedose kana kuderedzwa kwedose.
Kugadzirisa ganda remurwere kuri kufarirwawo: kushandisa data remurwere uye hunhu hweganda kunogona kubatsira kusarudza chipimo chakakodzera, saizi yechigamba, kana tekinoroji inowedzera kupinda kweganda. Nekufamba kwenguva, kusanganisa ma microneedles nemasensa uye masisitimu ekudzora kunogona kutungamira ku "closed-loop therapy" kusvika papfungwa yekurapa kwakaringana.
Mhedziso
Kuvandudzwa kwemhando dze transdermal dosage kuri kufambira mberi nekukurumidza, zvichikonzerwa nekuda kwemishonga iri nyore, yakachengeteka, uye inoshanda. Kubva pazvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemachira uye zvinosimudzira kupinda kweganda, kusvika ku nanotechnology, microneedles, uye nzira dzinoshandisa simba senge iontophoresis, zvese zviri kuwedzera huwandu hwemishonga inogona kupihwa kuburikidza neganda. Matambudziko achiripo - kubva kuchengetedzeka nekugadzikana kusvika pakukwanisa kukura uye kutonga - asi nzira yekuvandudza inoratidza kugona kukuru. Nekubatanidzwa kwemidziyo inopfekwa uye matekinoroji edhijitari, mafomu e transdermal dosage ari kuva anopfuura kungova "machira ane mishonga" asi ari kuwedzera kugadzirwa nenzira yemazuva ano uye inochinjika.
