Hukama huripo pakati peArchaeology neGeology neStratigraphy
Pendauluan
Kuchera matongo kudzidza tsika dzevanhu vekare kuburikidza nekuongorora zvinhu, zvivakwa, zvinhu zvenhoroondo, nenzvimbo dzaigara vanhu munguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzenhoroondo. Chinhu chakakosha pakunzwisisa nhoroondo yetsika dzevanhu kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu anowanikwa zvinhu. Kuti vazadzise chinangwa ichi, matongo anowanzo shandisa geology nestratigraphy. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura hukama huripo pakati pematongo, geology, uye stratigraphy, uye kuti masayendisiti matatu aya anoshanda sei kuti awane ruzivo rwekare rwevanhu.
Tsanangudzo yeArchaeology, Geology, uye Stratigraphy
Arkeologi
Kuchera matongo kudzidza nezvekare kwevanhu kuburikidza nekuongorora zvinhu zvakasiiwa netsika dzekare. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kusanganisira maturusi, zvivakwa zvekuvaka, zvasara zvekudya, mapfupa, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopa ruzivo rwehupenyu hwekare hwevanhu .
Geology
Kudzidza nezvemaumbirwo evhu ndiko kudzidza nezveNyika uye maitiro ayo anoiumba. Kunosanganisira kudzidza nezvematombo, zvicherwa, chimiro chevhu, uye zviitiko zvemaumbirwo evhu zvakaita semakomo anoputika, kudengenyeka kwenyika, uye kukurwa kwevhu. Mukuongorora matongo, kudzidza nezvemaumbirwo evhu kunobatsira vanoongorora matongo kunzwisisa nharaunda dzaigara vanhu vekare uye kuti nharaunda idzi dzakachinja sei nekufamba kwenguva.
Kugadzira masiraidhi
Stratigraphy ibazi rezve geology rinoongorora zvidimbu zvenyika (strata) uye kuti zvidimbu izvi zvakaumbwa sei uye zvinobatana sei. Stratigraphy ndiyo hwaro hwenzira dzakawanda dzekuona nguva dzekare, sezvo zvichibvumira vaongorori kuona zera rezvinhu zvakasara nezvimwe zvichibva pazvidimbu zvazvinowanikwa.
Kudyidzana kweArchaeology neGeology
Zvidzidzo Zvezvakatipoteredza Zvakapfuura
Geology inobatsira pakuchera matongo nekupa ruzivo nezvenzvimbo dzakapfuura. Semuenzaniso, nekunzwisisa kuti mamwe maumbirwo egeology akaumbwa sei, vanochera matongo vanogona kuvaka mufananidzo wemamiriro ezvinhu angangoita ezvakatipoteredza panguva iyoyo. Humbowo hwegeology hwakadai sedimentary layers, zvicherwa, uye zviratidzo zvekuputika kwemakomo zvinogona kupa zviratidzo nezvemamiriro ekunze, zvinomera, uye masosi emvura aripo. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakunzwisisa kuti vanhu vekare vakachinja sei nharaunda yavo uye vakavandudza tsika netekinoroji yavo .
Mazuva uye Kubatana
Nzira dzekuyera makore enzvimbo, dzakadai senzira dzekutarisa mafambiro emvura, dzinoshandiswa kuona makore ezvinhu zvakati. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuyera makore ematombo nemadhaka, izvo zvinogona kupa fungidziro yemakore evhu rakati. Ruzivo urwu, kana rukabatanidzwa nezvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo, runobatsira vaongorori kuona makore ezvigadzirwa kana nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo. Semuenzaniso, kuyera makore ecarbon-14 (C-14) mumadhaka ekare anozivikanwa kunogona kushandiswa kutsanangura makore enzvimbo dzekuchera matongo.
Maitiro Ezvepasi Anochinja Nzvimbo
Kudzidza nezvematongo kunobatsirawo vanochera matongo kuziva maitiro echisikigo angave akakanganisa mamiriro enzvimbo dzekuchera matongo. Mabasa ezvematongo akadai sekukurwa kwevhu, kudonha kwevhu, kana kufamba kweplate ye tectonic zvinogona kuchinja nzvimbo nemamiriro enzvimbo yekuchera matongo. Nekunzwisisa maitiro aya, vanochera matongo vanogona kuona zvakanyatsojeka mavambo nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvinhu zvakawanikwa.
Basa reStratigraphy muArchaeology
Nheyo yeSuperposition
Imwe yepfungwa huru dze stratigraphy ipfungwa ye superposition, iyo inoti mukutevedzana kwezvikamu zvisina kukanganiswa, zvikamu zvekare zviri pasi pezvidiki. Iyi nheyo inobvumira vanochera matongo kuti vaone kurongeka kwezviitiko kana zvinhu zvekare. Saka, vanogona kugadzira nguva yenzvimbo yekuchera matongo.
Kubatana kweStratigraphic
Kugadzira magadzirirwo evhu kunobvumirawo hukama pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana. Nekuenzanisa kutevedzana kwezvikamu zvevhu panzvimbo dzakasiyana, vanochera matongo vanogona kuona zvikamu zvingangove zvenguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvekupararira kwenzvimbo dzetsika dzakasiyana uye matekinoroji munguva yakapfuura.
Nzira Yekufambidzana Nevanhu Vose
Pamusoro pekutsanangura nguva dzekare, stratigraphy inowanzo batanidzwa nenzira dzekutsanangura nguva dzekare dzakadai se radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence, uye dendrochronology. Nzira idzi dzinobvumira vanochera matongo kuti vaone zera rekare rezvinhu zvakagadzirwa kana kuti ivhu riri mazviri. Kubatanidzwa kwekutsanangura nguva dzekare nedzekare kunobvumira kuvaka chronology yakarurama yenzvimbo dzekuchera matongo.
Mamiriro Ezviri Mukati Menyika
Mamiriro ekuongorora mafambiro evhu akakosha mukuchera matongo nekuti anopa ruzivo nezvemabasa evanhu vekare. Nekunzwisisa kurongeka kwezvikamu zvevhu nenzvimbo yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa mukati mazvo, vanochera matongo vanogona kuunganidza pamwe chete rondedzero yekuti nzvimbo yakashandiswa sei nekufamba kwenguva. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kuona shanduko mukushandiswa kwevhu, kuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvitsva, kana kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo kuburikidza nekuongorora zvikamu zvevhu.
Nyaya Yokudzidza: Göbekli Tepe Site
Muenzaniso chaiwo wehukama hwepedyo huripo pakati pekuchera matongo, geology, uye stratigraphy ndeyekutsvaga kuGöbekli Tepe, nzvimbo yekuchera matongo iri muTurkey inofungidzirwa kuti ndeimwe yematombo ekare kwazvo ati ambowanikwa, yakavakwa munenge muna 9600 BC. Kutsvaga panzvimbo iyi kunosanganisira kushanda pamwe chete pakati pevanochera matongo nevanochera matongo kuti vanzwisise mamiriro enzvimbo iyi uye nguva yezvakaitika.
Geological Research paGöbekli Tepe
Nyanzvi dzezve geology dzakadzidza nezve stratigraphy yakakomberedza Göbekli Tepe kuti dzione kuti nharaunda yakachinja sei kwezviuru zvemakore. Vakaongorora ivhu nemadhaka akakomberedza nzvimbo iyi, uye vakadzidza mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pamiti nekuwanikwa kwemvura. Tsvagiridzo iyi inopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekuti shanduko dzezvakatipoteredza dzingave dzakakanganisa sei vanhu vaigara kuGöbekli Tepe.
Kufambidzana uye Mamiriro Ezvinhu Ari Mukati Menyika
Chikwata chevaongorori chakashandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuona nguva, kusanganisira radiocarbon dating, kuti vaone makore epakati uye akazara evhu reGöbekli Tepe. Kuona nguva uku, pamwe chete nekuongorora stratigraphic, kwakabatsira vanochera matongo kugadzira nguva yenzvimbo iyi. Vakakwanisa kuona zvikamu zvekuvakwa nekushandiswa kwenzvimbo iyi, pamwe nezviitiko zvikuru zvakaita sekuvharwa kana kuparadzwa kwezvivakwa.
Mhedziso
Hukama huripo pakati pezvakacherwa mumatongo, geology, uye stratigraphy chinhu chakakosha pakunzwisisa tsika dzevanhu vekare. Geology inopa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye maturusi ekuronga nguva chaiyo, nepo stratigraphy ichipa hurongwa hwenguva uye nzira yekunzwisisa kutevedzana kwezviitiko. Kubatanidzwa kwemasainzi matatu aya kunobvumira kuferefeta kwakazara uye kwakarurama kwenhoroondo yevanhu , kubva munguva dzekare kusvika munguva dzekare dzenhoroondo. Kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa uku kweruzivo, tinowana mufananidzo kwete chete wezvinhu zvemunhu mumwe chete asiwo wemamiriro akafara ehupenyu hwevanhu vekare netsika.
