Hupenyu hwevanhu munguva yePaleolithic
Nguva yePaleolithic, kana kuti Nguva Yekare yeMatombo, ndeimwe yenguva dzakareba munhoroondo yevanhu. Nguva iyi yakagara kwenguva yakareba kwazvo, kare kare vanhu vasati vaziva kunyora, kurima, kana kugadzira simbi. Nguva yePaleolithic yakapa hwaro hwakakosha hwebudiriro yebudiriro, sezvo panguva iyi vanhu vakatanga kugadzira nzira dzekutanga dzehupenyu: kuvhima, kuungana, kugara mumapoka, uye kujairana nenzvimbo yakaoma. Kuti tinzwisise hupenyu hwevanhu munguva iyi, tinofanira kuongorora hunhu hwenzvimbo, mararamiro, zvishandiso zvakashandiswa, uye magariro evanhu netsika zvakavapo.
Tsanangudzo uye nguva yePaleolithic
Kazhinji, Paleolithic inoreva nguva apo vanhu vaishandisa zvishandiso zvematombo zviri nyore zvakagadzirwa nehammer kana flaking. Munhoroondo dzekare, Paleolithic inowanzoiswa sechikamu chekutanga cheNguva yeMatombo, isati yasvika Mesolithic neNeolithic. Nguva iyi yakagara kubva pamakore angangoita mamiriyoni 2,6 apfuura kusvika pamakore angangoita zviuru gumi apfuura, kunyangwe nguva chaiyo inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye zvakawanikwa mumatongo.
Paleolithic inowanzo kamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: Pakutanga, Pakati, uye Pakupera kwePaleolithic. Chikamu ichi chinobatsira vaongorori kutsvaga shanduko dzetekinoroji, marudzi ekutanga evanhu, uye kukura zvishoma nezvishoma kwemararamiro.
Zvakatipoteredza nematambudziko echisikigo
Vanhu vePaleolithic vaigara mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo akasiyana zvikuru neanhasi. Mamiriro ekunze ePasi akachinja zvikuru, kusanganisira nguva dzechando (nguva dzechando), apo tembiricha dzakadzikira zvakanyanya uye chando chakafukidza nzvimbo dzakakura. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uku kwakakanganisa kupararira kwemhuka dzesango, mhando dzemiti, nenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu.
Nekuti vaivimba zvikuru nezvisikwa, vanhu vePaleolithic vaifanira kunzwisisa mwaka, kufamba kwemhuka, uye manyuko emvura. Vaigara vachifamba-famba, vachitsvaga nzvimbo dzakachengeteka uye dzine chikafu chakakwana. Kurarama kwaitsamira zvakanyanya pakugona kuverenga zviratidzo zvechisikigo, kushanda pamwe chete mumapoka, uye kushandisa zviwanikwa zvakavapoteredza.
Mararamiro: kuvhima nekuunganidza
Hunhu hukuru hwevanhu vePaleolithic hwaive hupenyu hwekufamba-famba, vachitama kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Vaisaziva zvekurima nekuchengeta mhuka, saka vaiwana chikafu nenzira mbiri huru: kuvhima mhuka nekuunganidza zvirimwa zvemusango.
Kuvhimwa kwemhuka kwaisanganisira mhembwe, nyati dzemusango, nguruve dzemusango, uye kunyange mhuka hombe dzesango, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yacho. Kutsvaga chikafu kwaisanganisira michero, mbesa, nzungu, mashizha, uye kunyange huchi. Kudya kwevanhu vekare kwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nekuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa zvemuno.
Nekuti chikafu hachiwanikwe nguva dzose, kufamba-famba kunova nzira inokosha. Vanowanzogara kwenguva pfupi mumapako, mumakomba ematombo, kana munzvimbo dzakashama dzine pekugara. Kana chikafu chikashaikwa, boka racho rinotamira kune imwe nzvimbo.
Kwekugara uye kuti ungararama sei
Dzimba dzevanhu dzekare dzakanga dzisiri dzechigarire. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mapako akanga akanaka nekuti aidzivirira kubva kunaya kwemvura, mhepo, nemhuka dzesango. Zvisinei, haasi mapoka ese aigara mumapako; mazhinji aishandisawo dzimba dzakapfava dzakagadzirwa nematehwe emhuka, matavi, nemashizha, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakashama.
Kunze kwekuvanda, kugona kubatidza moto kwaive chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakawanikwa munguva yePaleolithic. Moto wakabatsira vanhu kudziya miviri yavo, kubika chikafu zviri nyore, kudzivirira mhuka dzinodya dzimwe mhuka, uye kupa chiedza husiku. Kugona moto kwakabatsirawo vanhu kurarama munzvimbo dzinotonhora sezvo mamiriro ekunze aiwedzera kuipa.
Zvingangove kuti mbatya dzaigadzirwa nematehwe emhuka dzaivhimwa. Kunyange zvazvo dzaive dzisina kuoma, mbatya dzaive dzakakosha pakudzivirira muviri kubva kumamiriro ekunze akaipisisa uye kukuvara panguva yekuvhima.
Zvishandiso zvematombo nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji
Tekinoroji yenguva iyoyo yaive nyore, asi yakakosha kuti zvinhu zvirarame. Zvishandiso zvematombo ePaleolithic zvaigadzirwa nematombo akaomarara akadai seflint, obsidian, kana mamwe akafanana, aipfapfaidzwa nyore nyore. Akauya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pamatanda emaoko nematombo epfapfaidzo kusvika kumapanga ematombo uye kunyange nenyundo.
Demo reruoko chimwe chezvishandiso zvinozivikanwa zvikuru, chinoshandiswa kucheka nyama, kubvisa ganda remhuka, kana kupwanya mapfupa kuti abudise mwongo. Nekufamba kwenguva, zvishandiso zvakava zvakapinza uye zvine hunyanzvi. Munguva yePaleolithic yepakati neyekupedzisira, vanhu vakatanga kugadzira misoro yepfumo, midziyo yemapfupa, uye tsono dziri nyore, zvichiratidza kukura kwehunyanzvi hwakaoma uye zvinodiwa.
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunoratidzawo kuwedzera kwehunyanzvi hwevanhu hwekufunga. Kugadzira zvishandiso kunoda kuronga, hunyanzvi hwemaoko, uye ruzivo rwezvinhu.
Hupenyu hwemagariro evanhu: kushandira pamwe nekugovaniswa kwemabasa
Vanhu vePaleolithic vaigara mumapoka madiki, kazhinji kacho vaine mhuri dzakawanda. Hupenyu hwemapoka hwaive nezvakanakira zvakawanda: kuvhima mhuka hombe zvinobudirira, dziviriro yakakura kubva kuzvikara, uye kutarisira kwakanyanya nhengo dzeboka dzinorwara kana dzisina simba.
Kupatsanurana mabasa kungangodaro kwaivapo, kunyange zvazvo kusingaenzaniswi nemaitiro emazuva ano. Kazhinji, vamwe vaivhima, vamwe vachiunganidza nekutarisira vana. Zvisinei, vaongorori vanosimbisa kuti kupatsanurana mabasa kunogona kusiyana pakati pemapoka nenzvimbo.
Kutaurirana nemutauro zvinofungidzirwawo kuti zvakatanga munguva iyi. Kunyangwe zvisati zvava muchimiro chemutauro wemazuva ano, hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana hwakakosha pakushandira pamwe panguva yekuvhima, kugovana ruzivo, uye kuvaka hukama hwevanhu.
Tsika dzekare nezvitendero
Pasinei nemararamiro avo akareruka, vanhu vePaleolithic vakaita zvinopfuura kungorarama chete. Humbowo hwezvakacherwa mumatongo hunoratidza kukura kwetsika nezviratidzo. MuPaleolithic Yekupedzisira, mifananidzo yemapako inoratidza mhuka dzaivhimwa, mapatani chaiwo, uye zviratidzo zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvine kukosha kwetsika kana zvemweya zvakawanikwa. Mifananidzo iyi yakawanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi, zvichiratidza kuti vanhu vakatanga kuratidza pfungwa dzavo nekufungidzira kwavo.
Pamusoro pehunyanzvi, tsika dzekuviga dzakawanikwawo munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzekare. Kuvigwa kunoratidza kuti vanhu vaiva nepfungwa yerufu, kuremekedza nhengo dzeboka, uye pamwe zvitendero nezvehupenyu hwepashure perufu. Mune zvimwe zvakawanikwa, mitumbi yaivigwa nezvinhu chaizvo, zvichiratidza tsika.
Vanhu vePaleolithic munharaunda yeIndonesia
MuIndonesia, zviratidzo zvePaleolithic zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuwanikwa kwezvisaririra zvevanhu vekare nemidziyo yematombo. Mamwe marudzi anozivikanwa evanhu vekare anosanganisira Homo erectus, iyo yakawanikwa yakawanda muSangiran neTrinil (Java). Zvishandiso zvematombo ePaleolithic zvakawanikwawo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sePacitan, inozivikanwa netsika yayo yekucheka nekucheka matombo.
Hupenyu hwavo hunofungidzirwa kuti hwakanga husina kusiyana zvakanyanya nemaitiro ePaleolithic: kuvhima, kuungana, kugara mutama-tama, uye kushandisa nharaunda yenzizi kana mipata ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda.
Penutup
Hupenyu hwevanhu munguva yePaleolithic inyaya refu yekuchinja-chinja uye kutsungirira. Nezvishandiso zviri nyore zvematombo, vanhu vakakwanisa kurarama nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvikara, uye chikafu chisina kukwana. Vakararama hupenyu hwekufamba-famba, vachivimba nekuvhima nekuunganidza, uye vachivandudza kushandira pamwe kwevanhu izvo zvakazova hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwenharaunda yevanhu.
Kupfuura nguva "yekare", Paleolithic yaive nguva yakakosha apo vanhu vakadzidza kushandisa tekinoroji, kugona moto, kutaurirana, uye kutanga kuzviratidza mutsika. Kubva panguva iyi ndipo pakatanga rwendo rurefu kuenda kubudiriro yemazuva ano—zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvechokwadi, kuburikidza nematanho madiki aisarudza ramangwana revanhu.
