Mabuku Oyenera Kuwerenga Okhudza Kapangidwe ka Nyumba
Kapangidwe ka nyumba ndi maphunziro omwe amaphatikiza zaluso, uinjiniya, ndi sayansi ya zachilengedwe kuti apange ndikumanga nyumba ndi malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Paulendo wophunzira zomangamanga, kwa ophunzira ndi akatswiri, mabuku ophunzirira ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri la chidziwitso. Mabuku ophunzirira amapereka maziko a chiphunzitso , malingaliro, mbiri, ndi machitidwe omwe angathandize owerenga kumvetsetsa zovuta za dziko la zomangamanga. Nazi zina mwa mabuku ophunzirira zomangamanga omwe ndi ofunikira kuwerengedwa ndi aliyense amene akufuna kukulitsa chidziwitso chake pankhaniyi.
1. “Mawonekedwe, Malo, ndi Dongosolo” lolembedwa ndi Francis DK Ching
Buku la Francis D.K. Ching lotchedwa "Form, Space, and Order" nthawi zambiri limaonedwa ngati Baibulo la ophunzira ophunzirira zomangamanga, limapereka maziko olimba omvetsetsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga zomangamanga. Bukuli limagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chowoneka bwino komanso zithunzi zokongola pofotokoza mfundo monga kukula, kuchuluka, kusinthasintha, ndi kutsatana. Limafufuzanso momwe zinthuzi zingagwirizanitsidwire ntchito popanga malo ogwira ntchito komanso okongola.
2. “Chithunzi cha Mzinda” cholembedwa ndi Kevin Lynch
Lofalitsidwa mu 1960, "The Image of the City" ndi buku lodziwika bwino lomwe lakhudza akatswiri ambiri okonza mapulani a mizinda ndi akatswiri omanga nyumba padziko lonse lapansi. M'buku lake, Kevin Lynch akufotokoza lingaliro la "kuwerenga bwino," lomwe limatanthauza kusavuta kwa malo ozungulira komanso kuyenda m'malo okhala mumzinda. Lynch akuzindikira zinthu zisanu zofunika zomwe zimapangitsa chithunzi cha mzinda: njira, m'mphepete, madera, malo ozungulira, ndi malo odziwika bwino. Kumvetsetsa mfundo izi ndikofunikira kwa aliyense amene akufuna kupanga mapulani a mizinda.
3. “Kapangidwe ka Nyumba: Mawonekedwe, Malo, ndi Chilengedwe” lolembedwa ndi Norman K. Booth
M'bukuli, Norman K. Booth akupereka chitsogozo chokwanira cha ubale pakati pa zomangamanga ndi chilengedwe chake. Bukuli likufotokoza mitu monga kusanthula malo, momwe nyengo imakhudzira, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo mkati mwa malo okhazikika. Booth akuwonetsanso kufunika kwa kapangidwe kamene kamakhudzana ndi chilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu, kupereka zitsanzo zenizeni kuchokera ku mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana omanga nyumba padziko lonse lapansi.
4. “Chilankhulo Chofanana” cholembedwa ndi Christopher Alexander
"Chilankhulo Chofanana" ndi buku lofunika kwambiri lofalitsidwa mu 1977 ndi Christopher Alexander ndi anzake. Linapereka njira yatsopano yopangira mapulani a zomangamanga ndi mizinda. Alexander anayambitsa lingaliro la "mapangidwe" ngati njira zothetsera mavuto a mapangidwe . Bukuli lili ndi mapangidwe 253 okhudza mbali zonse za kapangidwe, kuyambira ntchito zazing'ono monga kapangidwe ka zipinda mpaka ntchito zazikulu monga kukonzekera mizinda. Mapangidwe awa adapangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mogwirizana ndi madera, akatswiri omanga nyumba, ndi okonza mapulani a mizinda kuti apange malo abwino.
5. “Kapangidwe ka Chimwemwe” lolembedwa ndi Alain de Botton
Ngakhale kuti si buku lophunzirira m'njira yachikhalidwe, buku la Alain de Botton lakuti "The Architecture of Happiness" ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi ubale pakati pa zomangamanga ndi ubwino wa anthu. M'bukuli, de Botton akufufuza momwe nyumba ndi malo zingakhudzire malingaliro athu ndi moyo wathu . Lolembedwa m'chinenero chosavuta kumva komanso lodzaza ndi zitsanzo zenizeni, bukuli likulimbikitsa owerenga kuganizira tanthauzo la kukongola mu zomangamanga ndi momwe tingapangire malo omwe amalimbikitsa chimwemwe.
6. “Zamangidwe Zamakono: Mbiri Yofunika Kwambiri” lolembedwa ndi Kenneth Frampton
Buku ili ndi chitsogozo chokwanira cha mbiri ya zomangamanga zamakono. Kenneth Frampton, katswiri wodziwika bwino wofufuza zomangamanga, akuwunika momwe zomangamanga zinayambira m'zaka za m'ma 18 mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Bukuli likufotokoza za kayendetsedwe ka zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana monga zamakono, za postmodernism, ndi masukulu osiyanasiyana amakono. Frampton akuwonetsanso za momwe chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndale, ndi ukadaulo zimakhudzira chitukuko cha zomangamanga zamakono. Kwa aliyense amene akufuna kumvetsetsa mbiri yakale ya zomangamanga zamakono, bukuli ndi lofunika kwambiri.
7. "Delirious New York" lolembedwa ndi Rem Koolhaas
Buku lakuti “Delirious New York” ndi buku lomwe limayesetsa kupeza njira zatsopano zopezera chidziwitso cha zomangamanga ndi mizinda ya New York City. Rem Koolhaas, m'njira yake yolembera yokopa, akufotokoza New York ngati “Coney Island of the mind”—malo omwe kuyesa zomangamanga kumaonekera kwambiri. Bukuli limafufuza thanzi la maganizo la mzindawu kudzera mu kapangidwe kake, kuwonetsa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa nyumba zodziwika bwino, mapulani amizinda, ndi moyo wamizinda.
8. "Kupita ku Zomangamanga Zatsopano" lolembedwa ndi Le Corbusier
Buku lofalitsidwa mu 1923, lakuti "Towards a New Architecture" ndi chikalata chofunikira kwambiri cholembedwa ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri omanga nyumba otchuka kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 20, Le Corbusier. Bukuli limafotokoza malingaliro atsopano a Le Corbusier okhudza ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a zomangamanga. Anagogomezera kugwira ntchito bwino, kulingalira bwino, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono popanga nyumba. Malingaliro osinthika monga "nyumba ndi makina okhalamo" adachokera m'bukuli ndipo akhudza mibadwo ya akatswiri omanga nyumba.
9. "Kapangidwe ka Mzinda" lolembedwa ndi Aldo Rossi
M'buku lake lakuti "The Architecture of the City," Aldo Rossi akufotokoza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa zomangamanga ndi mzindawu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yozama ya filosofi. Rossi akugogomezera kufunika kophunzira mitundu ya nyumba ndi mawonekedwe a mizinda ngati njira yomvetsetsa mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe cha malo. Bukuli ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa ophunzira omanga nyumba omwe akufuna kumvetsetsa bwino chiphunzitso cha zomangamanga za mizinda ndi tanthauzo lake pa kapangidwe kamakono.
10. “Kuvuta ndi Kutsutsana mu Kapangidwe ka Nyumba” lolembedwa ndi Robert Venturi
Buku la Robert Venturi lakuti "Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture" limapereka lingaliro lotsutsana ndi mfundo ya kuphweka yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa ndi umakono. Iye akunena kuti zomangamanga ziyenera kuwonetsa zovuta ndi zotsutsana za moyo wa anthu. Bukuli linakhala lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa postmodernism ndipo linalimbikitsa akatswiri ambiri omanga nyumba kuti afufuze mapangidwe osiyanasiyana komanso ofunikira.
Mapeto
Kuwerenga mabuku ophunzirira zomangamanga ndi ndalama zofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense amene akufunadi kuphunzira ntchitoyi. Mabuku awa amapatsa owerenga chidziwitso chakuya, malingaliro amphamvu, komanso chilimbikitso chamtengo wapatali. Kuyambira kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa zinthu zopangira mapulani mpaka chiphunzitso cha zomangamanga ndi mbiri yakale, mabukuwa amapereka chilichonse chofunikira kuti amvetsetse ndikukulitsa luso la zomangamanga. Kaya ndi ophunzira, akatswiri, kapena okonda zomangamanga, buku loyenera lingakhale chitsogozo chomwe chimawatsogolera ku kumvetsetsa kwakukulu.
Mwa kupitiriza kuwerenga ndi kuphunzira, sikuti timangowonjezera chidziwitso chathu komanso timathandizira kupanga malo abwino komanso okongola. Chifukwa chake, musazengereze kufufuza mabuku omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndikuyamba kufufuza dziko lolemera la zomangamanga.
