Mpweya Wachilengedwe Pakupanga Nyumba
Mpweya wachilengedwe ndi njira yobweretsera mpweya wabwino m'nyumba popanda kudalira makina monga ma air conditioner kapena mafani otulutsa utsi. Mu kapangidwe ka nyumba, mpweya wachilengedwe si kungotsegula mawindo okha, koma njira yokwanira yomwe imaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka chipinda, momwe nyumbayo imayendera, mipata, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, ndi kusankha zinthu. Mpweya wachilengedwe ukapangidwa bwino, ukhoza kuwonjezera kutentha, kukweza mpweya wabwino m'nyumba, kuchepetsa chinyezi, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'nyumba.
N’chifukwa chiyani mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe ndi wofunika?
Nyumba zomwe sizilandira mpweya wokwanira nthawi zambiri zimasunga kutentha, chinyezi, ndi zinthu zoipitsa. Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuphika, kusamba, kutsuka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsukira zimatha kupanga nthunzi ya madzi ndi mankhwala omwe amawononga mpweya wabwino. M'madera otentha monga madera ambiri ku Indonesia, chinyezi chochulukirapo chingayambitse nkhungu, fungo loipa, komanso thanzi loipa kwa okhalamo. Mpweya wachilengedwe umathandiza kuchotsa mpweya wonyowa komanso wodetsedwa ndikuuyikanso mpweya watsopano kuchokera kunja.
Kupatula ubwino wa thanzi, mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe umathandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Nyumba zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wabwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino popanda kuzizira kopangidwa tsiku lonse. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woziziritsa sikuti kungopulumutsa ndalama zamagetsi komanso kumachepetsa mpweya woipa.
Mfundo zazikulu za mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe
Kawirikawiri, mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe umagwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:
1. Mpweya wodutsa
Mpweya wodutsa m'mbali umachitika pamene mpweya ukulowa kuchokera mbali imodzi ya nyumba ndikutuluka mbali inayo, kudutsa m'malo omwe ali pakati. Mpweya wodutsa m'mbali umagwira ntchito bwino ngati pali mipata mbali ziwiri zosiyana, kapena mbali ziwiri zosiyana, kuti apange njira yopitira mpweya.
2. Zotsatira za stack
Mpweya wotentha umakwera. Ngati nyumba ili ndi mipata yayitali (monga ma ventilator apamwamba, mawindo otseguka, mawindo a jalousie, kapena ma skylights otseguka), mpweya wotentha ukhoza kutuluka pamwamba ndikukoka mpweya wozizira kuchokera m'mipata yapansi. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka m'nyumba zokhala ndi zipinda zambiri kapena nyumba zokhala ndi denga lalitali.
Kawirikawiri, mapangidwe abwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza zonse ziwiri: mpweya wodutsa kuti madzi aziyenda mopingasa komanso chimney effect kuti achotse kutentha komwe kwasungidwa pamwamba pa chipinda.
Kuyang'ana kwa nyumba ndi zotsatira za mphepo
Mpweya wachilengedwe umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi momwe mphepo imayendera. Nyumba yopangidwa poganizira za mphepo yamphamvu idzakhala ndi mpweya wosavuta kuyenda. Mwachiyembekezo, malo otseguka (mawindo, zitseko, malo otseguka) ayenera kukhala mbali ya mphepo ndipo mbali inayo ikhale ngati malo otulukira mpweya.
Komabe, kuyang'ana sikutanthauza mphepo yokha. Kulunjika kwa dzuwa kumakhudza kutentha komwe kumalowa m'nyumba. Mabowo akuluakulu oyang'ana kumadzulo nthawi zambiri amalandira kutentha kwakukulu kwa masana; ngati satetezedwa, zipinda zimatha kutentha kwambiri ngakhale zitakhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Chifukwa chake, njira zopumira ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zida zodzitetezera monga ma canopies, madenga, ma louvers, zotchingira zakunja, kapena zomera.
Kapangidwe ka malo: mipope ya mpweya iyenera kukhala "yowonekera"
Mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe umafuna mpweya wabwino. Nyumba zambiri zili ndi mawindo koma zimamvekabe zodzaza chifukwa mpweya umatsekeredwa pakhoma kapena m'njira zopapatiza. Mfundo zina zokonzera malo zomwe zimalimbikitsa mpweya wabwino ndi izi:
- Konzani malowo kuti akhale ndi mbali ziwiri zotseguka ngati n'kotheka, makamaka chipinda chochezera ndi chipinda chogona.
- Chepetsani zopinga zomwe mphepo imadutsa, monga makabati ataliatali omwe amatseka malo pafupi ndi mawindo kapena makoma onse opanda mipata.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mpweya wopumira pamwamba pa chitseko (bovenlicht) kapena ma grille kuti mpweya uziyenda pakati pa zipinda ngakhale chitseko chitakhala chotsekedwa.
- Patulani malo otentha ndi onunkha, monga khitchini, okhala ndi mipata yolunjika kunja kapena malo otseguka kuti mpweya usalowetse fungo m'chipinda chachikulu.
M'nyumba zazing'ono kapena m'nyumba zomwe zili pamtunda wopapatiza, vuto ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa mbali zomwe zingathe kutsegulidwa. Mayankho angaphatikizepo malo opanda kanthu, mabwalo amkati, kapena magwero a magetsi, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati "mapapo" a nyumbayo, kulola kuwala kulowa, kulola mpweya kulowa, ndikupereka njira yoti mpweya wotentha utulukire mmwamba.
Kapangidwe ka kutsegula: kukula kwa zenera, malo ndi mtundu
Malo otseguka ndiye "chida" chachikulu chothandizira mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe. Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito, samalani ndi izi:
– Chiŵerengero cha malo olowera ndi otulukira. Kawirikawiri, malo otulukira sayenera kukhala ochepa kuposa malo olowera kuti asatseke madzi.
– Kutalika kwa malo otseguka. Mabowo ochepa amalola mpweya wozizira kulowa, pomwe mabowo okwera amathandiza kuchotsa kutentha. Kuphatikiza kwa ziwirizi kumathandizira kuti magazi aziyenda bwino.
– Mtundu wa zenera. Mawindo a m'mbali (otseguka m'mbali) amatha kugwira bwino mphepo ngati akuyang'ana mbali ya mphepo. Mawindo a Jalousie amalola mpweya wabwino pamene akusunga chinsinsi komanso kuchepetsa mvula.
– Chitetezo ndi chitonthozo. Ma grille achitetezo, ma trellises opangidwa bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawindo okhala ndi ma venti ang'onoang'ono omwe angatsegulidwe usiku kungapangitse kuti mpweya ulowe bwino popanda kuwononga chitetezo.
Kuwonjezera pa mawindo, zinthu monga mpweya wolowera m'malo ogwirira ntchito, ma air vents, kapena zotchingira zobowoka zingathandize kusinthana mpweya nthawi zonse, makamaka m'zipinda zogwirira ntchito ndi m'zimbudzi.
Madenga, denga ndi kasamalidwe ka kutentha
M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumachokera padenga. Mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa kudzera mu kapangidwe ka denga ndi denga:
– Denga lalitali limapereka malo oti mpweya wotentha ukwere, kotero kuti malo ochitira zinthu azikhala ozizira.
– Ma ventilator a padenga (ma ventilator a ridge, ma ventilator a turbine, kapena ma gap ventilator) amalola kutentha pansi pa denga kutuluka.
– Malo opumira mpweya padenga amatha kugwira ntchito ngati chotetezera kutentha, kuchepetsa kutaya kutentha mkati mwa chipinda.
– Zipangizo za denga ndi zotetezera kutentha zimathandizanso; mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse sumakhala wokwanira ngati denga limatenga kutentha kochulukirapo popanda chitetezo.
Kuphatikiza kwa mthunzi, kutchinjiriza, ndi mpweya wopumira padenga nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa chitonthozo popanda kufunikira makina akuluakulu.
Zomera ndi zinthu zakunja
Malo okhala m'nyumbamo amakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa mpweya wabwino. Zomera zingathandize kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya kudzera mu nthunzi ndi mthunzi. Njira zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
- Bzalani mitengo yamthunzi m'mbali yomwe imalandira kutentha kwambiri.
– Pangani munda kapena dziwe laling'ono pamalo pomwe mphepo imadutsa musanalowe m'nyumba.
- Pewani zopinga zolimba patsogolo pa khomo lalikulu, monga mipanda yayitali komanso yayikulu, yomwe ingalepheretse mphepo kuyenda.
M'malo okhala anthu ambiri, ngakhale bwalo laling'ono limatha kugwira ntchito ngati malo osinthira omwe amaziziritsa mpweya asanalowe mkati.
Chepetsani chinyezi ndikusunga mpweya wabwino
Mpweya wachilengedwe si wongofuna mphepo yofewa yokha; komanso wokhudza kuchepetsa chinyezi. Malo monga zimbudzi ndi khitchini amafunika kuchotsa chinyezi mwachangu. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe, onetsetsani kuti pali potulukira mwachindunji kunja, kapena njira yoti mpweya upite kumalo otseguka/opanda kanthu. Zipangizo zamkati zopumira monga pulasitala wa laimu kapena utoto wolowa bwino zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutsekeka kwa chinyezi, ngakhale kuti zimafunikirabe kuthandizidwa ndi mpweya.
Kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino, pewani kupeza malo akuluakulu omwe akuyang'anizana ndi malo oipitsa mpweya monga misewu yotanganidwa kapena malo otenthetsera zinyalala. Ngati malowo sali abwino, njira monga minda yotetezera mpweya, zikopa zina, ndi kusefa kosagwiritsa ntchito mpweya (monga malo otsetsereka pafupi) zitha kuchepetsa fumbi kulowa.
Mavuto ndi zolakwa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri
Zolakwika zina zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri pokhazikitsa mpweya wabwino m'nyumba zogona ndi izi:
- Malo otseguka amakhala mbali imodzi yokha ya chipinda kuti mpweya wodutsa mpweya usalowe.
– Mawindo akuluakulu koma ophimbidwa ndi mipando kapena makatani okhuthala tsiku lonse.
– Palibe mipata yayitali kotero mpweya wotentha umatsekeredwa padenga.
– Makomo a m’nyumba ndi afupi kwambiri kotero mawindo ayenera kutsekedwa pafupipafupi mvula ikagwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa mpweya kulowa.
– Kunyalanyaza chitetezo, kotero anthu okhala m'deralo safuna kutsegula mawindo usiku.
Mwa kuzindikira mavuto awa kuyambira pachiyambi cha kapangidwe kake, mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe ungakonzedwe bwino komanso molingana ndi zizolowezi za anthu okhala m'nyumba.
Kutseka
Mpweya wachilengedwe wopumira m'nyumba ndi kuphatikiza kwa sayansi yosavuta komanso zisankho zosamala za zomangamanga. Mwa kuyang'ana nyumba molunjika, kukonzekera kapangidwe kolowera madzi, kupanga mipata yoyenera, ndikusakaniza izi ndi mthunzi ndi kasamalidwe ka kutentha kwa denga, nyumba zitha kukhala zathanzi, zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, komanso zomasuka. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mizinda komanso ndalama zamagetsi zomwe zimakwera, mpweya wachilengedwe si njira yokongoletsera kapena mwambo chabe, koma njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira nyumba zokhazikika komanso zokhalamo chaka chonse.
