Hangarau Hanga Maramara 7nm i roto i ngā Waea Atamai
Whakaari
Kei te tere tonu te whanaketanga o te hangarau hanga maramara, ā, ka pā ki te mahi a ngā taputapu hiko, inā koa ko ngā waea atamai te pokapū o tēnei auahatanga. Ko tētahi o ngā whakatutukitanga nui i ngā tau tata nei ko te whanaketanga o te hangarau hanga maramara 7-nanometer (nm). Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te hangarau hanga maramara 7nm i roto i ngā waea atamai, me te tirotiro i te pānga ki te mahi, te whai huatanga o te pūngao, me te pānga ki te mākete waea atamai.
Tukanga Hanga 7nm
Ko te hanga maramara mā te whakamahi i te hangarau 7nm he tukanga e pā ana ki te rahi o ngā transistors i roto i te tukatuka. Ko te 7nm e pā ana ki te roa o tetahi taha o te transistor, he iti iho i te 10 nanometer. Ko ngā transistors he wāhanga matua i roto i ngā maramara, e mahi ana hei pana e whakahaere ana i te rere o te iahiko hiko. Ko te iti o ngā transistors, ko te nui ake o te taea te whakanoho ki runga i te maramara, ka whakapai ake i te mahi a te maramara me te whai huatanga o te mana.
He maha ngā wāhanga me ngā tikanga o te tukanga hanga 7nm, tae atu ki te whakamahi i te hangarau ultraviolet tino kaha (EUV), e āhei ai te tā i ngā tauira pai ake ki runga i ngā papa silicon. Mā tēnei ka taea te hanga i ngā transistors iti ake, kiato ake, ka piki ake te kiato maramara whānui.
Te Mahi me te Whai Hua o te Pūngao
Ko ngā painga matua o te hangarau hanga 7nm ko te whakapai ake i te mahi me te whai huatanga o te pūngao. Mā ngā transistors iti ake, kikī ake, ka taea e ngā tohu hiko te tere ake te haere mā roto i te maramara, ka whakaiti i te tawhiti me haere. Ka nui ake te tere o te tukatuka i tēnei. Hei tāpiri, nā te mea he pai ake te whai huatanga o te hiko o ngā maramara 7nm, ka taea e rātou te mahi i ngā mahi ōrite me te iti ake te whakapaunga pūngao ki te whakataurite ki ngā hangarau 10nm, 14nm rānei tawhito.
He mea nui ēnei whakapainga mahi me te whai huatanga o te pūngao mō ngā taputapu pūkoro pēnei i ngā waea atamai. Me tautoko e ngā pākahiko waea atamai te whānuitanga o ngā mahi, mai i ngā waeatanga me ngā karere kuputuhi ki te rere ataata me te petipeti. Ka āwhina te tukatuka 7nm ki te whakaroa i te ora o te pākahiko mā te whakaiti i te kaha e pau ana, me te whakarato tonu i te mahi teitei e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tono me ngā mahi uaua.
Pānga ki te Mākete Waea Atamai
Kua noho te hangarau hanga 7nm hei rerekētanga matua i roto i te mākete waea atamai. Kua whakamahia e ngā kaihanga maramara pēnei i a Qualcomm, Apple, me MediaTek tēnei hangarau hei whakawhanake i ngā tukatuka kaha ake, whai hua ake hoki. Hei tauira, ko te maramara A12 Bionic i whakaurua mai e Apple ki te iPhone XS tētahi tauira o te tukatuka 7nm tuatahi i whakamahia i roto i te waea atamai. Ka tukuna e tēnei maramara he whakapainga nui ki te mahi, me te whakapai ake hoki i te whai huatanga o te pūngao.
I te taha Android, ko te Qualcomm Snapdragon 855, i hangaia hoki i runga i te hangarau 7nm, i noho hei paerewa mō ngā waea atamai matua i te tau 2019. He pai ake te mahi a tēnei maramara i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te CPU, GPU, AI, me te modem i tōna mua.
Nā te whakatinanatanga o ngā maramara 7nm kua kaha ake te whakataetae i roto i te mākete waea atamai, me te whakataetae a ngā kaihanga ki te tuku i ngā taputapu kaha ake, tere ake, me te penapena hiko ake. Koia te take, i ngā wā katoa ka tukuna he maramara hou me te tukanga hanga iti ake, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te tumanako ki ngā auahatanga me ngā whakapainga nui ki ngā hua e whakamahia ana e rātou i ia rā.
Ngā Wero me te Ao o Muri Mai
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te hangarau hanga 7nm, he nui ngā wero hangarau e pā ana ki a ia. He tino uaua te tukanga hanga maramara 7nm, e hiahia ana ki ngā hangarau matatau me te haumi nui ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga. Hei tāpiri, ka heke te manawanui ki ngā hapa i te mea ka iti haere ngā transistors. Ahakoa ngā hapa iti i roto i te tukanga hanga ka arahi pea ki te pakaru katoa o te maramara.
Heoi, nā te angitu o tēnei hangarau i te mākete, kei te haere tonu te rangahau ki te whakawhanake i ngā tukanga hanga iti ake, pērā i te 5nm me te 3nm. He wero hou kei ia taahiraa whakamua, engari he whai wāhitanga nui anō hoki mō te auahatanga. Kua tīmata kē ngā kaihanga maramara nui ki te whakatinana i te hangarau 5nm ki ā rātou hua hou, ā, kei te tūhuratia te pūmanawa o te hangarau 3nm mō ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei.
Ngā Taupānga Matatau me ngā Pānga Hangarau
Kāore te whakamahinga o ngā maramara 7nm e herea ana ki te mahi a te PTM, te GPU rānei anake. I te whanaketanga o tēnei hangarau, ka taea te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā āheinga tāpiri, mai i te matauranga horihori (AI) ki te tukatuka whakairoiro whakarei ake. Mā tēnei ka huaki te huarahi mō te whakawhanake i ngā tono matatini ake, whai āhuatanga nui ake i runga i ngā waea atamai.
Hei tauira, ka taea e te AI te whakamahi i ngā āheinga tukatuka tere ake, whai hua ake hoki o ēnei maramara mō te tika ake o te mohio kanohi, ngā kaiawhina mariko e aro nui ake ana, me ngā āhuatanga kāmera matatau ake ka taea te mohio me te whakarerekē i ngā tautuhinga i runga i ngā mea i kitea i te wā tūturu.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, i roto i te ao petipeti, ka taea e ngā maramara 7nm te whakamahi i ngā whakairoiro pono ake me te mahinga maeneene ake o ngā kēmu, ka whakaiti i te whakaroa me te whakapai ake i te wheako kaiwhakamahi whānui. Ehara i te mea he mea nui tēnei mō ngā kaiwhakamahi takitahi anake, engari ka whakatuwhera hoki i ngā whai wāhitanga mō ngā kaiwhakawhanake kēmu ki te waihanga i ngā kēmu matatau ake, whakahihiri ake hoki.
Hei tāpiritanga, nā te kaha ake o te whai huatanga o te mana, ka taea e ngā taputapu e whakamahi ana i ngā maramara 7nm te tautoko pai ake i ētahi atu āhuatanga pēnei i te hononga 5G. Me whai tukatuka ngā whatunga 5G e kaha ana ki te tukatuka tere me te whai hua i ngā rahinga raraunga nui, ā, he tino pai ngā maramara 7nm mō tēnei mahi. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te pārekareka ki ngā tere tango me te tukuake tere ake, te rere ataata kounga teitei kore whakaroa, me ngā wheako petipeti ipurangi whakarei ake.
Whakamutunga
Ko te hangarau hanga maramara 7nm e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā waea atamai tētahi o ngā auahatanga hangarau tino nui i ngā tau tata nei. He iti ake ngā transistors me te hoahoa whai hua ake, ā, he nui ngā whakapainga o ēnei maramara ki te mahi me te whai hua o te mana, he mea tino pai mō ngā taputapu pūkoro e hiahia ana ki te mahi nui me te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao.
E kitea ana ngā painga matua o tēnei hangarau puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga, mai i te roa o te ora o te pākahiko me te tere o te mahi ki te tautoko i ngā āhuatanga matatau pēnei i te AI me te hononga 5G. Ahakoa he uaua, he wero hoki te hanga i ēnei maramara, kua angitu ngā kaihanga maramara nui ki te wikitoria i ēnei arai me te whakauru i ngā tukatuka 7nm ki te mākete.
I te tirohanga whakamua, ka kite pea tātou i ngā whanaketanga hou o te hangarau hanga maramara, me ngā hangarau 5nm me 3nm kua whakaurua kētia. Ka haere tonu ēnei auahatanga ki te pana i ngā rohe o te mahi me te whai huatanga, ka taea ai e ngā taputapu waea atamai te matatau ake me te whakamiharo ake.
Ahakoa ōna painga me ōna pūmanawa katoa, he tika kia arohia, kia maiohahia hoki te hangarau hanga maramara 7nm i roto i ngā waea atamai. Ehara i te mea ko te hanga taputapu tere ake, pai ake hoki te kaupapa, engari ko te whakatuwhera hoki i ngā mea hou, kāore i whakaarohia i mua, i roto i te ao o te hangarau pūkoro.
