Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi Waea Atamai me ngā Āhuatanga NFC
Ko te NFC (Whakawhitiwhitinga Papa Tata) tētahi o ngā āhuatanga nui o ngā waea atamai hou. Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea e ngā taputapu te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i ngā tawhiti poto (iti iho i te 4 henemita te roa) mō ngā kaupapa maha pērā i te utu kore moni, te whakakī kāri, te urunga ki te tatau, tae atu ki te hono i ngā taputapu pērā i ngā taringaoro, i ngā kaikorero rānei. He maha ngā tāngata e whakaaro ana: ka taea te "hanga waea atamai me te NFC"? Ko te whakautu he āe, engari ehara i te mea me hanga e tātou he waea atamai mai i te tīmatanga pērā i tētahi wheketere nui. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te huarahi tino pono me te tika ki te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga NFC ki tētahi "waea atamai hanga-kāinga" ki tētahi taputapu waea atamai kua whakarerekētia/kua huihuia rānei, tae atu ki ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana, ngā wāhanga whakauru, me ngā wero matua.
1. Kia Mārama ki te NFC me tana Mahi
Ka mahi te NFC i runga i te auau o te 13,56 MHz, ā, ka tautoko i ngā momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pēnei i:
1. Aratau Pānui/Tuhituhi: ka mahi te waea atamai hei kaipānui tohu NFC (hei tauira, kāri urunga pānui, tohu NFC piri rānei).
2. Aratau Whakatauira Kāri: ka "whakatauira" te waea atamai i tētahi kāri, hei tauira mō ngā utu, mō te whakahaere urunga rānei.
3. Aratau Hoa-ki-Hoa: te whakawhiti raraunga i waenga i ngā pūrere (hei tauira, te tuku hoapā, te hono tere rānei).
I roto i ngā waea atamai, ko te waeine NFC te nuinga o te wā he mea hanga ki:
– Pūmana/IC NFC (maramara matua o te pūmana NFC),
– Pūihi NFC (pūihi āhua-kōpiko),
– te huānga haumaru (SE) me ētahi atu huarahi pēnei i te HCE (Host Card Emulation) mō te whakatauira kāri,
– te hononga ki te tukatuka matua mā te pahi pēnei i te I2C, te SPI rānei, me te mana whakahaere hiko hoki.
2. Whakatauhia te Huarahi: Hangaia mai i te Wāhanga, kaua ko te Whakarerekē i te Pūrere
He tino uaua te hanga i tētahi waea atamai mai i te tīmatanga (te hoahoa PCB, te whiriwhiri i tētahi SoC, te hanga pūmanawa turanga, te tiwhikete reo irirangi, me ētahi atu) ā, e kore rawa e taea te whakanui takitahi me te kore he rōpū nui me te utu.
He huarahi pono ake:
1. Tīpakohia he waea atamai/papa e tautoko ana i te NFC engari kāore anō kia hohe (ko ētahi tauira kei ngā momo taputapu).
2. Hangaia he waea atamai i runga i te rorohiko papa kotahi (SBC) me te kōwae pūkoro, kātahi ka tāpirihia te NFC.
3. Waihangahia he pūrere "rite ki te waea atamai" (pūrere Android) me te NFC, hei tauira he pūrere kiosk, he pūrere ringaringa ritenga, he tauira rānei.
Mō tēnei tuhinga, ka arotahi mātou ki ngā huarahi tuarua me tuatoru nā te mea he tino whai tikanga hangarau ēnei, ā, he mea whai hua hoki hei kaupapa whakawhanake taputapu.
3. Ngā Wāhanga e Hiahiatia ana
Anei ngā wāhanga matua mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te hanga i tētahi pūrere Android/ringaringa he NFC tōna:
a) Pūhara Rorohiko (te roro o te taputapu)
– SBC (hei tauira, kei runga i te ARM) ka taea te whakahaere i te Android/Linux.
– He huarahi kē atu: he papa whakawhanake Android "kua rite ki te whakamahi".
Ngā paearu nui:
– Tautoko ana i te atanga I2C/SPI/UART mō te kōwae NFC,
– Tautoko mō ngā taraiwa me ngā kernel ka taea te whakarerekē,
– He kaha rawa hei whakahaere i te Android.
b) Wāhanga Pūkoro (kia tika ai te kīia he "waea atamai")
Ki te hiahia koe kia taea e te pūrere te waea/SMS/raraunga pūkoro:
– Kōwae 4G/5G (hei tauira, te pouwhanga LTE e hangai ana ki te USB, ki te M.2 rānei),
– Tautoko taraiwa me te whakaurunga ki te pūnaha whakahaere.
Kia mōhio: koinei te wāhanga tino uaua, nā te mea me tautoko IMS/VoLTE ngā waea reo, ā, ehara i te mea ngāwari i ngā wā katoa.
c) Mētara NFC
Ka hiahia koe ki tētahi kōwae NFC me ngā whakaritenga mārama. Ka taea e tēnei kōwae te:
– NFC IC + pūihi motuhake,
– He kōwae kua rite mō te whakauru (papa iti) e whakarato ana i ngā hononga I2C/SPI me ngā pine aukati.
Ko ngā maramara NFC rongonui i roto i te umanga ko ērā mai i NXP, STMicroelectronics, me ētahi atu. Heoi anō, me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki te kōwhiringa maramara:
– te wātea o ngā taraiwa mō te Android,
– ngā tuhinga whakauru,
– whakaritenga huānga haumaru mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki te āhuatanga utu.
d) Pūihi NFC
He mea nui ngā pūihi mō te mahi. Ngā mea hei whakaaroaro:
– te rahi o te porowhita,
– te whakatakotoranga (e tata ana ki te uhi o muri),
– te tawhiti mai i te whakarewa/pūhiko,
– te whakataurite/te whakarerekē i te aukati kia pumau ai te pānui.
e) Huānga Haumaru (he kōwhiringa engari he mea nui mō ngā utu)
Mena ko te whāinga anake he pānui i ngā tūtohu (hei tauira, te tirotiro i te toenga o tētahi kāri, te pānui i te tūtohu UID, te aunoatanga), ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te NFC noa me te kore he huānga haumaru.
Heoi, mēnā ko te whāinga he utu tap-to-pay, he tauira kāri haumaru rānei:
– Me whai Secure Element (SE tāmau, SE e hangai ana ki te SIM, SE o waho rānei),
– me te whakaurunga o te tiwhikete me te pūnaha utu (he tino uaua mō ngā kaupapa DIY).
Heoi anō, e tautoko ana a Android i te HCE (Host Card Emulation) mō ētahi whakamahinga, engari mō ngā utu arumoni me whai tonu i ngā whakaritenga haumarutanga me te mahi tahi a te kaihoko/whatunga utu.
f) Te hiko, te anga, te pākahiko me te mata
Hei hanga i te pūrere kia tino rite ki te waea atamai:
– Mata (LCD/OLED) + pūmana pa-mata,
– Pūhiko Li-ion + BMS/IC utu,
– Te whakahaere hiko,
– He pouaka e kore e pokanoa ki te pūihi NFC.
Ka taea e te mea whakarewa i roto i te pouaka te whakararuraru i te NFC, nō reira he pai ake mō ngā rauemi kirihou te whakamahi i te NFC.
4. Wāhanga Whakauru Pūmārō NFC
Hipanga 1: Tautuhia te atanga
Ko te nuinga o ngā kōwae NFC ka hono atu ki te tukatuka mā:
– I2C (whānui),
– SPI (tere ake),
– me tētahi pine IRQ/Interrupt hei whakamōhio i te pūnaha ina kitea he tohu.
Me whakarite kei te papahoahoa ngā pine e wātea ana me ngā taumata ngaohiko hototahi (hei tauira, 1,8V, 3,3V rānei). Ki te kore e ōrite, whakamahia he whakawhiti taumata.
Hipanga 2: Hoahoahia te whakatakotoranga o te pūihi
Me whakanoho te pūihi:
– kia tata rawa atu ki te mata o waho (te uhi o muri),
– kia matara atu i ngā pākahiko nui, i ngā ārai whakarewa rānei,
– kāore e hipokina e ngā whakapiripiri whakarewa whakarihariha, e ngā mowhiti aukume rānei.
Ka taea e ngā anga whakarewa, ngā whakairinga aukume rānei te whakaiti nui i te awhe NFC.
Hipanga 3: Te whakataurite me te whakahāngai i te pūihi
I roto i ngā hoahoa ahumahi, ka whakahāngaihia ngā pūihi NFC mā te whakamahi i tētahi ara iahiko taurite (pūnga/whakapūngao) hei whakatutuki i te haruru i te 13,56 MHz. Mena kei te whakamahi koe i tētahi waeine kua oti te whakarite, kua whakahāngaihia i mua i te nuinga o te wā, engari me whakarerekē pea i runga i te pouaka me te tūranga.
Hipanga 4: Whakamātautau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero taketake
Whakahaerehia te whakamātautau tuatahi:
– mēnā kua kitea te kōwae e te pūnaha (e kitea ana te taputapu I2C),
– ka taea e te kōwae te kite i ngā tohu,
– he pumau te kapinga.
Ka taea e ngā taputapu taketake i roto i te Linux te āwhina ki te tirotiro i te pahi I2C, i te Android ia ka whakamātautau koe mā roto i ngā taupānga whakamātautau logcat me te NFC.
5. Whakaurunga Pūmanawa: Atekōkiri, Kernel, me te Anga Android
Kia mahi ai te NFC i runga i te Android, kāore e ranea te tāuta noa i ngā taputapu. Me whai paparanga pūmanawa koe:
a) Atekōkiri Kernel
– Me mōhio te kernel ki te waeine NFC mā te taraiwa e tika ana.
– Me whakahohe pea e koe te whirihoranga kernel, me tāpiri rānei he taraiwa.
b) HAL (Papa Whakarāpopototanga Pūmārō)
Ka whakamahia e te Android te HAL hei hono i te anga me te taputapu. Mō te NFC, me hototahi te HAL ki te maramara e whakamahia ana.
c) Whirihoranga pūnaha me ngā whakaaetanga
I runga i te Android, me mahi e koe:
– whakahohe i te āhuatanga NFC i te hanganga (ngā haki āhuatanga),
– kia tino whakahaerehia te ratonga NFC,
– ngā kōnae whirihoranga kaihoko kua tāpirihia e pā ana ki ngā maramara NFC,
– kia kore ngā whakaaetanga me ngā kaupapa here SELinux e aukati i te urunga.
d) Te tono me te whakamātautau
Kia whakahohea te NFC:
– Whakamātautau pānui tohu NDEF,
– whakamātautau aratau kaipānui/kaituhi,
– Whakamātautau Android Beam (āhuatanga tawhito) te whakawhiti raraunga e tika ana rānei,
– te whakamātautau hototahi ki ngā tohu MIFARE/NTAG ina hiahiatia.
6. Ngā Wero Nui: Te Utu me te Tiwhikete
He tokomaha e whakaaro ana ko te "whai NFC" te tikanga ka taea e koe te whakamahi tonu mō ngā utu. Ko te mea pono, ko ngā utu NFC:
– Kaupapa haumarutanga huānga haumaru, kaupapa haumarutanga ōrite rānei,
– tiwhikete haumaru,
– te whakaaetanga mai i ngā whatunga utu me ngā peeke,
– te whakaurunga ki ngā ratonga pēnei i a Google Wallet, ki ngā kaupapa utu ā-rohe rānei.
Mō ngā kaupapa whaiaro, ko te mea tino pono ko:
– pānuihia ngā tohu NFC,
– ngā pūnaha urunga (hei tauira, mō ngā tatau),
– te aunoatanga me ngā tohu NFC,
– kāri mema, kioska, tono ā-roto rānei.
He mea tino uaua te hanga i tētahi taputapu whaiaro ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā pūnaha utu tūmatanui me te kore he hongere ahumahi mana.
7. Ngā Tohutohu Whaihua mō te Angitu o te Kaupapa
1. Tīmata ki tētahi whāinga māmā: arotahi tuatahi ki te pānui i ngā tūtohu me te tuhi i te NDEF.
2. Whakamahia he kōwae NFC noa: whiriwhiria tētahi kei roto ngā tuhinga katoa me ngā tauira whakauru.
3. Whakaarohia te kēhi mai i te tīmatanga: ko ngā kēhi whakarewa me ngā aukume ngā hoariri o te NFC.
4. Tukua he wā mō te patuiro pūmanawa: he maha ngā wā ka roa te wā e pā ana ki ngā pakanga taraiwa, SELinux, ngā whakaaetanga pūnaha, me te hototahi ki te Android.
5. Ine i te whakapaunga hiko: Ka taea e te NFC te whakanui ake i te hiko mangere mena kāore i te whirihorahia tika.
6. Tuhia te tahora me te waea: mā te hapa iti i roto i te IRQ, i te pine tautuhi anō rānei, ka kore e pumau te NFC.
8. Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea ko te whakapiri noa i tētahi waeine NFC ki te pūrere te mahi i tētahi mahi, ā, mutu noa iho. Ko tētahi mahi tūturu ko te hanga, te whakarerekē rānei i tētahi pūrere Android/ringa e tautoko ana i te whakaurunga NFC, kātahi ka tāpirihia te waeine NFC, te pūihi e tika ana, me te whakarite i te tautoko pūmanawa (ngā taraiwa, te whirihoranga HAL, me te Android). Mō ngā tono pēnei i te pānui tohu, te aunoatanga, te whakahaere urunga, ngā tono ā-roto rānei, he tino whaihua tēnei kaupapa. Heoi, mō ngā āhuatanga taumata teitei ake pēnei i ngā utu kore pa, ka raru koe i ngā wāhanga haumaru uaua, ngā tiwhikete, me ngā whakaritenga ahumahi.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarite i tēnei tuhinga kia hangarau ake (hei tauira, me ngā tauira o te hoahoanga o te puranga Android NFC, ngā hoahoa waea I2C + IRQ + tautuhi anō, ngā mahi hanga AOSP rānei), kia whai hua ake rānei (ngā rārangi wāhanga me ngā mahi whakamātautau ngāwari ki te kitea).
