Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi waea atamai me te kāmera makaro
Ko ngā kāmera makro he āhuatanga e piki haere ana te rongonui, e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te hopu i ngā mea iti—pērā i ngā pepeke, ngā kakano papanga, ngā taipitopito whakapaipai, ngā pata wai rānei—me ngā hua koi, whakamiharo. He maha ngā waea hou kua whai "aratau makro" kē, engari kāore i te katoa e tino kaha ana. Ko te pātai, ka taea e tātou te "hanga waea atamai me te kāmera makro"? Ko te whakautu: kāore e taea e tātou te hanga waea atamai mai i te tīmatanga pērā i te wheketere (nā te mea e hiahiatia ana he hoahoa papahoahoa uaua, ngā kōwae RF, te tiwhikete, me te hanga), engari ka taea e tātou te hanga waea atamai me ngā āheinga makro pai ake mā te whakapai ake me te whirihora i ngā kāmera waea atamai o nāianei. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga tētahi huarahi pono me te whai hua: te whiriwhiri i tētahi taputapu, te tāpiri i tētahi arotahi makro o waho, te arotau i te taupānga kāmera, me te whakarerekē i te rama mō ngā whakaahua makro āhua ngaio.
1. Kia mārama ki ngā hiahia o tētahi kāmera makro
I mua i te whakarerekē, te tāpiri rānei i ngā taputapu, he mea nui kia mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o te whakaahua makro:
1. Te tawhiti arotahi tino tata
Ko te whakaahua makro e hiahia ana ki te kaha ki te arotahi i te tawhiti o ētahi henimita. Ko te tata atu ki te tawhiti arotahi iti rawa, ko te nui ake o te whakanui i ngā taipitopito ka taea te hopu.
2. He tino angiangi te hōhonutanga o te mara (te wāhi koi)
I roto i te whakaahua makaro, he torutoru mirimita noa iho te koi o te wāhanga tino koi. Nō reira, he mea nui te pumau me te tikanga arotahi.
3. He maha ngā wā kāore i te mārama
Ina tangohia he whakaahua tata, ka ārai pea tō waea pūkoro, tō karāhe arotahi rānei i te mārama kei tae atu ki tō kaupapa. Nō reira, he mea nui te rama tāpiri, te rama porowhita rānei.
Mā te mārama ki ēnei mea e toru, ka taea e tātou te "waihanga" i tētahi wheako makaro waea atamai he pai ake i te aratau taunoa paerewa.
2. Kōwhiria he waea atamai e tika ana kia "hangaia" hei waea makaro.
Mena kāore anō kia whai waea atamai koe, kei te whakaaro rānei koe ki te whakapai ake, anei ngā paearu matua hei whakapai ake i ngā āheinga macro o tō waea:
– Kāmera matua me te taumira pai me te pūoko
Ko te kāmera matua te mea tino pai te kounga. He maha ngā aratau makro kua hangaia hei whakamahi i te kāmera whānui-rahi kounga iti. I tēnei whakarerekētanga, e hiahia ana mātou ki te whakanui ake i te kāmera matua.
– Tautoko whakahaere ā-ringa (Aratau Pro)
He tino āwhina te āheinga ki te whakarite i te ISO, te tere kati, te arotahi ā-ringa, me te taurite mā.
– Te Whakapūmautanga (OIS/EIS)
He tino whai hua te OIS (Optical Image Stabilization) ina tangohia he whakaahua me te tere kati puhoi.
– Hototahi ki te taupānga kāmera tuatoru
Ka tautokohia e ētahi waea ngā taupānga pēnei i a Open Camera, Lightroom, ngā taupānga kāmera ā-ringa rānei.
Ko te tikanga, ko te pai ake o te kāmera matua, me te ngāwari ake o ana tautuhinga, ka māmā ake te "whakapai" i a ia ki te macro.
3. Te tāpiri i tētahi arotahi makaro o waho (kī matua)
Ko te huarahi tino whai hua hei whakamahi i ngā kaha macro o tō waea atamai ko te whakamahi i tētahi karāhe macro clip-on, i tētahi atu karāhe rānei e piri ana ki mua o te kāmera.
Ngā momo arotahi macro mō ngā waea atamai
1. Tākai-ā-ao whānui
He mea whakamau ki te rawhi. He whai hua, engari me tū tika kia kore ai e pōuri ngā kokonga.
2. Pouaka arotahi motuhake
Ka hangaia e ētahi waitohu he pouaka me ngā whakairinga arotahi motuhake. He pumau ake, he tika ake hoki ēnei.
3. Ngā karāhe makaro me ngā whakanui rerekē
He 10x, 15x, me te 20x ngā karu arotahi. Ko te nui ake o te "x," ko te tata ake o te tawhiti pupuhi, ā, ko te angiangi ake o te wāhi koi.
Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i tētahi arotahi makro
– Kōwhiria ngā karaihe he maha ngā paninga hei whakaiti i te mura me te whakanui ake i te koi.
– Kia tino rite te rahi o te arotahi ki te tūranga o te kāmera o tō waea (ina koa ngā waea he nui ngā wae kāmera).
– Kaua e whakamatautauria e te tau "x" anake. Ka uaua ake te whakamahi i tētahi karāhe arotahi he nui rawa te whakanui me te kore he tūru me te rama.
Mā te arotahi makro tika, ka taea e te waea atamai noa te whakaputa whakaahua tino taipitopito.
4. Te whakarite i te whakaū: te tūāpapa iti me te tikanga pupuri-ā-ringa
He tino tairongo ngā macro ki ngā wiri. Ko te otinga pai rawa atu:
– Tūru iti + pupuri waea atamai
Ka pumau ai te anga, ka ōrite hoki te arotahi.
– Whakamahia he taima 2–3 hēkona
Kaua e rūrū i te wā e pēhi ana i te pātene kati.
– Whakamahia te pātene oro hei kati (mēnā e wātea ana)
Whakaitihia ngā nekehanga ringa.
Ki te kore āu he tūru, whakatakotoria tō ringa ki runga i tētahi tēpu, i tētahi mea pakari rānei.
5. Whakatakotoria te rama: te rama porowhita, te rama LED iti, me te rama whakamārara.
Ko te mārama te rerekētanga nui i waenga i te whakaahua makaro noa me te makaro āhua "pro".
Ngā taputapu hei āwhina
– Rama LED iti (kawe)
Ka taea te anga atu i te taha hei whakanui i te kakano.
– Rama mowhiti iti
He mārama ōrite, he pai mō ngā mea nohinohi.
– Kaiwhakaputa hau (pepa tauera, kirihou mā, pouaka ngohengohe iti rānei)
Ka whakangawari i ngā atarangi pakari, ka whakaiti hoki i ngā whakaata nui rawa.
Tikanga māmā
– Whakahāngaihia te mārama mai i te taha ki te 45 nekehanga hei whakaatu i ngā taipitopito kakano.
– Āta karohia te mārama tika e tino kaha ana ki ngā mea kanapa (hei tauira, ngā whakapaipai), whakamahia he mīhini whakamarara.
Ki te kore he māramatanga pai, ahakoa he arotahi makaro pai, ka taea e ia te whakaputa hua haruru nā te pikinga o te ISO.
6. Arotauhia te taupānga me ngā tautuhinga kāmera
Ka taea e koe te "hanga" i te wheako makaro mā roto i ngā tautuhinga tika:
– Arotahi ā-ringa
He māmā ake te nuinga o ngā whakaahua makro mā te arotahi ā-ringa. Tautuhia te arotahi ki te tata-ake, kātahi ka nekehia te waea ki mua, ki muri kia koi rawa te wāhi e hiahiatia ana.
– ISO kia iti rawa te taea
Whakamahia he ISO iti hei whakaiti i te haruru. Tāpirihia he māramatanga hei whakaiti.
– Tere kati haumaru
Ki te mea he taputapu ringaringa, whaia kia 1/100, neke atu rānei. Ki te mea he tūru, ka puhoi ake pea.
– Maukati taurite mā (WB)
Kia kore ai e rerekē ngā tae ina nekehia te hanganga.
– Whakamahia te taumira katoa
Ki te āhei te taupānga, whakamahia te taumira mōrahi mō ngā taipitopito.
Mena ka tautokohia e tō waea ngā kōnae RAW (DNG), whakahohea. Mā te RAW ka taea te whakatika taipitopito me te tae kia ngāwari ake.
7. Ngā tikanga pupuhi makro whai hua
Anei ētahi tikanga māmā hei whakapai ake i ngā hua:
1. Nekehia āta te kāmera kia tata mai
Kaua e tere. Kimihia te roa arotahi tino koi.
2. Kia aro ki te papa arotahi
Ngāna kia noho whakarara te mata nui ki te kāmera kia whānui ake ai te koi o te tirohanga.
3. Whakamahia he maha ngā momo rerekētanga
He maha ngā wā ka hē te mahi a te macro. Tangohia ētahi whakaahua me ngā roa arotahi rerekē.
4. Whakamahia te papamuri
Ka ātaahua ake ngā makaro mēnā he ma te papamuri, ā, kāore i te kikī.
Mō ngā mea ora pēnei i ngā pepeke, he māmā ake te ata nā te mea he puhoi ake te nekeneke a ngā pepeke.
8. Whakatikatika: te whakanui i ngā taipitopito me te kore e whakaiti i te kounga
Ko te taahiraa whakamutunga ki te "whakapai" i ngā hua o te makro kia ātaahua ko te whakatika māmā:
– Te whakakoi i ngā wā e tika ana (kaua e whakakoi rawa)
– Whakaitihia te haruru mēnā he teitei te ISO
– Whakanuia te māramatanga/te kakano hei whakaatu i ngā taipitopito
– Whakatikatikahia te rerekētanga me ngā whakamārama kia kore ai e "pakaru" te kakano
– Tapatapahia kia ātaahua hei whakapakari i te hanganga
E rawaka ana ngā taupānga pēnei i a Lightroom Mobile, Snapseed, te ētita whakauru rānei o tō waea.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tikanga o te "hanga waea atamai me te kāmera makro" ko te huri i tō waea atamai o nāianei hei taputapu makro kaha mā te whakakotahi i ēnei: te whiriwhiri i tētahi waea e tautoko ana i ngā mana whakahaere ā-ringa, te tāpiri i tētahi karāhe makro o waho, te whakaū me te tūru, te rama tika, me ngā tautuhinga kāmera me ngā tikanga tango whakaahua tika. Mā ēnei mahi, ka taea e koe te whakaputa whakaahua makro koi, toi hoki, me te kore e hiahia ki te hoko i tētahi waea atamai matua motuhake.
Ki te hiahia koe, tena koa whakamōhio mai ki ahau te waitohu me te tauira o tō waea atamai, tae atu ki tō tahua mō ngā karāhe/taputapu—ka taea e au te tūtohu i te tatūnga makro tino tika, tino ngāwari hoki ki te whakamahi.
