Me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā pukapuka whakatere moana
I te ao kaipuke, ehara i te pānui mapi me te tirotiro i te kāpehu te mahi whakatere. Me whai puna mōhiohio whānui, hou, me te pono te kaiwhakatere hei whakarite kia haumaru, kia whai hua hoki te whakatere o te kaipuke. Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai ngā pukapuka ako moana. Ko ngā pukapuka ako moana he kohinga o ngā tuhinga whaimana me ngā tohutoro whakatere kei roto ngā raraunga nui pēnei i ngā āhuatanga o te wai, ngā tūponotanga whakatere, ngā pūnaha tohu, ngā tai, ngā ia, me ngā tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te whakamahi i ngā pukapuka ako moana i roto i te whakatere mahi, mai i te whakarite ki te whakatinanatanga i runga i te kaipuke.
1. Kia Mārama He aha te Pukapuka Moana me Tōna Mahi
Kāore te pukapuka ako moana e tohu ana i te pukapuka kotahi. I roto i te mahi, e kapi ana te kupu i ngā momo pukapuka tautoko. Ko tā rātou mahi he tohutoro matua mō:
– Te whakamahere i te huarahi (te whakamahere haerenga)
– Tāutuhia ngā tūponotanga whakatere me ngā wāhi kua whakawhāitihia
– Te whakatau i ngā wā haumaru i runga i ngā tai me ngā ia
– Me whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture tuku kaipuke
– Tautoko i te haumaru whakatere i te wā e haere ana
Ara, mā ngā pukapuka moana ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakatere ki te whakatau kaupapa e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, kaua i te whakaaro noa iho.
2. Ngā Momo Pukapuka Moana e Whakamahia Ana
Mō te whakamahinga whai hua, me mōhio ngā kaiwhakatere ki ngā momo pukapuka moana e whakamahia whānuitia ana, tae atu ki:
1. Ngā Tohutohu Whakatere / Pukapuka Paerata (Aratohu Tauranga me te Takutai Moana)
Kei roto ngā whakaahuatanga o ngā takutai moana, ngā tauranga, ngā kokorutanga, ngā hohonutanga, ngā āhuatanga o te papa moana, ngā wāhi mōrearea, me ngā whakaaro mō te huarahi ki te tauranga.
2. Rārangi o ngā Rama me ngā Tohu Kohu
Kei roto ngā mōhiohio taipitopito mō ngā rama whakatere katoa: te tae, te āhua e kanapa ana, te whānuitanga, te teitei, me te tauwāhi.
3. Ngā Ripanga Tai
E whakarato ana i ngā matapae mō ngā taumata wai me ngā wā tai i ngā tauranga nui me ngā tauranga tuarua.
4. Te Awa o te Tai / Te Atarangi o te Au
E whakarato ana i te ahunga me te tere o ngā ia i ngā wā motuhake o te huringa tai.
5. Ngā Pānui ki ngā Kaihōpara
Whakahōu i ngā mōhiohio: ngā panonitanga ki ngā tohu, ngā hōhonutanga, ngā wāhi whakangungu hōia, ngā tūponotanga hou, me ngā whakatikatika mapi.
6. Rārangi o ngā Tohu Reo Irirangi / Whakaputanga GMDSS
Kei roto ngā teihana reo irirangi takutai moana, ngā auau, ngā tukanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā mōhiohio moana nui.
Ahakoa he pukapuka tā, he putanga mamati rānei te whakatakotoranga, he rite tonu te mātāpono whakamahi: me ngāwari te uru atu ki ngā raraunga, ā, me whakahōu tonu.
3. Ngā Hipanga Whakarite: Kia Mōhio kei te Hou Tonu tō Pukapuka Moana
Ko tētahi hapa noa ko te whakamahi i ngā pukapuka tawhito. Nā te mea ka rerekē pea ngā āhuatanga o te moana, ngā tohu, me ngā ture, ko te taahiraa tuatahi i mua i te wehenga ko te whakarite kia rite ngā pukapuka moana katoa ki:
– Ko te putanga hou rawa tēnei, kua whiwhi rānei i ngā whakatikatika e tika ana.
– Kua whakahoutia me ngā Pānui ki ngā Kaihōpara Moana
– He pai te whakaritenga hei whakahaere i ngā rapunga tere i ngā wā ohorere
He mea pai te waihanga i tētahi rārangi arowhai e whakarārangi ana i ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana i runga i te huarahi, tae atu ki te rohe tauranga wehenga, ngā wai whakawhiti, me te ūnga.
4. Te Whakamahi i ngā Pukapuka Moana i te Wā e Whakarite Ana i ngā Huarahi (Te Whakamahere Haerenga)
Ko te wāhanga whakamahere huarahi te wā tino nui rawa atu mō te whakamahi i tētahi kaiārahi moana. E whā ngā wāhanga o te tukanga: te aromatawai, te whakamahere, te whakatinanatanga, me te aroturuki. Ko te kaiārahi moana te mea matua e tautoko ana i ngā wāhanga tuatahi e rua.
a) Aromatawai: Te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio o te rohe
I tēnei wā, ka kohia e te kaiwhakatere ngā mōhiohio mai i te Pukapuka Paerata, te Rārangi Tohu, me ngā whakahōutanga mai i ngā Pānui ki ngā Kaihōpara. Ko ngā mōhiohio e rapuhia ana ko:
– Ngā tūponotanga whakatere: ngā toka, ngā wāhi pāpaku, ngā kaipuke pakaru, ngā wāhi kua herea
– Ngā āhuatanga o te tauranga: te hohonutanga o te awa, ngā pūwāhi taunga, ngā ture whakahaere VTS/tauranga
– Ngā ara haumaru kua tūtohutia me ngā wāhi ekenga pailate
b) Te Whakamahere: Te Whakatau i ngā Huarahi me ngā Pūwāhi Tino Hira
Kia kohia ngā raraunga, ka whakatūria e te kaiwhakatere he ara kua whakaritea, he tohu ara, me ngā "tohu matua" pēnei i:
– Te awa whaiti
– Ngā wāhi e nui ana te waka (TSS/wehenga waka)
– Ngā wāhi he nui ngā ia, he tai nui rānei
– Ngā huarahi tauranga e hiahia ana kia tino tika
He mea nui ngā ripanga tai me ngā mapi o ia au i konei, nā te mea ko ngā ara haumaru i te wai nui ka mōrearea i te tai timu.
5. Te Whakamahi i ngā Ripanga Tai hei Whakatau i te Ātea i raro i te Keel
Ko te tawhiti haumaru i waenga i te takere o te kaipuke me te raro o te wai ko te UKC (Under Keel Clearance). Hei tatau i te UKC, me:
– Te hohonutanga o te mapi/kauwhata (rārangi tūtohi)
– Te matapae i ngā tai i te wā e whiti ana
– Ngā āhuatanga o te nekenekehanga me te haumaru o te kaipuke (te piko, ngā ngaru, ngā panonitanga o te mātotoru o te wai)
Ka whakamahia ngā ripanga tai hei whakatau i ngā taumata wai i ngā wā kua whakaritea. Mēnā me whakatere te kaipuke i tētahi awa pāpaku, ka taea e te kaiwhakatere te whiriwhiri ki te whiti i te wā e nui ana te wai, ki te huri rānei i te huarahi.
Tauira tono: mēnā e whakaatu ana te hōhonutanga o te tūtohi i te 7 mita, ko te tōnga o te kaipuke he 6 mita, ā, i tētahi wā ka piki te tai mā te 1 mita, ko te UKC he tata ki te 2 mita (7 + 1 - 6). Heoi anō, me whai wāhi tonu te tawhiti mō te nekeneke me te noho puku o te kaipuke.
6. Te Whakamahi i te Flow Atlas mō te Whai Hua me te Haumaru
Ka taea e ngā au te whakatere, te whakaroa rānei i te tere o te kaipuke, tae noa ki te pana atu i te huarahi ina whakatata atu ki te tauranga, ina whiti rānei i roto i te awa whaiti. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi mapi o ia au, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatere te:
– Te whakatau i te wā whakawhiti tino whai hua
– Matapae i te taunga me te nekenekehanga (te nekehanga o te kaipuke nā te ia)
– Whakatakotoria ngā whakatikatika huarahi kia tika tonu ai te huarahi
I ētahi wāhi, ka tere te huri o ngā ia i te tai. Nō reira, he mea nui te pūkenga ki te whakataurite i ngā wā i roto i te mapi o ia rā ki ngā ripanga tai.
7. Te Whakamahi i ngā Rārangi Tohu mō te Tāutu i te Pō
I te pō, i te wā rānei e iti ana te tirohanga, ko ngā rama whakatere te kaiārahi matua. Mā te rārangi o ngā rama ārahi ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakatere:
– Me whakarite kei te tūranga e tika ana ngā rama e kitea ana.
– Te mōhio ki ngā āhuatanga o te mārama (hei tauira, Fl(2) 10s: e rua ngā uira i ia 10 hēkona)
– Kia mōhio ki te whānuitanga me te teitei o te rama e kitea ana
Ki te kore e ōrite ngā āhuatanga o te mārama, he tohu pea tēnei kei te rerekē te tūranga o te kaipuke i tērā i whakaarohia, kua hē te tautuhi i te mea, kua puta rānei tētahi huringa hou me tirotiro mā roto i ngā Pānui ki ngā Kaihōpara.
8. Te Whai i ngā Pānui ki ngā Kaihōpara mō te Whakatikatika me te Haumaru
He puna whakahōutanga nui a Notices to Mariners. Ko ōna whakamahinga ko:
– Te whakatika i ngā mōhiohio pukapuka moana me te mapi
– Te tohu i ngā tohu hou, kua nekehia rānei
– Āta karohia ngā wāhi whakangungu hōia, keri whenua, tāuta taura ruku wai rānei.
Ka arotakehia ēnei whakahōutanga e te kaiwhakatere mātau i ia wā, ā, ka purangatia kia māmā ai te tiki.
9. Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Whakamahinga o ngā Pukapuka Moana
Kia tino tautokona ai te haumaru e ngā pukapuka moana, e taunakihia ana ēnei mahi pai:
– Waihangahia he pūnaha rārangi, he pūnaha tohuwāhi rānei mō ngā mōhiohio nui.
– Tuhia ngā huringa nui ki ngā Pānui ki ngā Kaihōpara i te whārangi e tika ana
– Rokirokihia ngā pukapuka kia pai te āhua, kia kore hoki e pā ki te wai.
– Whakangungu i te kapa kaitiaki kia mōhio ki te wāhi e pupurihia ai ngā raraunga nui
– Me manatoko tonu i ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā puna maha (hei tauira, pukapuka paerata + mahere + NTM)
10. Whakamutunga
Ko te pukapuka ā-ringa moana he "whare pukapuka haumaru" mō te kaipuke. Ehara i te mea he tikanga noa te whakamahi, engari he wāhanga matua o te whakatere ngaio: mai i te whakamahere huarahi, te tatau i ngā tai, te pānui i ngā ia, te tautuhi i ngā tohu, tae atu ki te whakahou i ngā mōhiohio mōrearea. Mā te mārama ki ngā momo pukapuka ā-ringa moana me te whakamahi i aua mea, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatere te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te taunga, te tukinga, me te takahi i ngā wāhi kua herea. Hei whakamutunga, mā te whakamahi tika i ngā pukapuka ā-ringa moana ka āwhina i ngā kaipuke ki te whakatere haumaru ake, kia pai ake, kia rite hoki ki ngā paerewa haumaru moana.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga hei putanga hangarau ake (hei tauira, me ngā tātai UKC, ngā tauira tātai tai, me ngā whakatakotoranga mahere ara) he putanga māmā ake rānei mō ngā ākonga moana/kura mahi.
