Ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā rama mura me ngā rama LED
I te ao o te rama hou, kua kawea mai e ngā whanaketanga hangarau he maha ngā momo rama e whai hua ake ana, e pai ake ana hoki mō te taiao. E rua ngā momo rama e tautohetia ana, e whakatauritea ana hoki, ko ngā rama incandescent me ngā rama light-emitting diode (LED). He āhuatanga motuhake, he whakamahinga rerekē, me ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia momo. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei momo rama e rua, tae atu ki te whai huatanga o te pūngao, te roa o te rama, te utu, me te pānga ki te taiao.
Hītori me ngā Mātāpono Mahi
Ko te pūrama rama kanapa tētahi o ngā momo rama tawhito rawa atu, i hangaia e Thomas Edison i te mutunga o te rautau 19. He māmā noa iho tana mahi: ka rere te iahiko hiko mā roto i te miro tungsten i roto i te pūrama karāhe, ka whakamahana i te miro kia tiaho rā anō, kia puta ai te mārama. E mōhiotia ana ngā pūrama rama kanapa mō ō rātou whānuitanga mārama mahana, tūturu, e rite ana ki te mārama o te rā, o te ahi rānei.
I tētahi atu taha, he hangarau hou ake ngā rama LED, e piki haere ana te rongonui i te mutunga o te rautau 20. Ka whakaputahia e ngā rama LED te mārama mā roto i ngā haurua-irahiko e tuku ana i ngā photon ina whakamahia te hiko. Ka puta te mārama LED i te kaha o ngā irahiko e neke ana mai i tētahi roopu pūngao ki tētahi atu i roto i ngā rauemi haurua-irahiko rerekē, he tukanga e mōhiotia ana ko te electroluminescence. Kei te whanake tonu te hangarau LED, e whakaputa ana i ngā rama whai hua ake, roa ake te mau, me te maha o ngā whakamahinga.
Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga tino kitea i waenga i ngā pūangi rama incandescent me ngā pūangi LED ko te whai hua o te pūngao. E mōhiotia ana te kore whai hua o ngā pūangi rama incandescent; tata ki te 10% noa iho o te pūngao hiko e tukuna ana ki a rātou ka hurihia hei māramatanga kitea, ko te toenga—tata ki te 90%—ka maumauria hei wera. Nō reira, ehara i te mea ka moumou pūngao noa ngā pūangi rama incandescent engari ka tukuna hoki he nui o te wera, ka taea ai te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te rūma.
He rerekē, he nui ake te whai hua o ngā rama LED. Ka taea e ngā rama LED te huri i te 80-90% o te pūngao ki te mārama e kitea ana. Ko te tikanga he iti ake te pūngao e whakamahia ana e ngā rama LED i ngā pūangi mura hei whakaputa i te nui o te mārama. Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia noa ngā utu pūngao e tēnei whai huatanga engari ka whakaitihia hoki te whakamahana rūma, ka waiho hei whiringa pai ake mō te taiao me te ohanga mō te whakamahinga roa.
Te Ora o te Rama
Ko tētahi atu rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā pūahi rama incandescent me ngā pūahi LED ko te roa o te ora. He poto noa te roa o te ora o ngā pūahi rama incandescent, i te nuinga o te wā ka roa i waenga i te 750 me te 2.000 hāora i mua i te pakaru o te miro me te pakaru o te pūahi. Ko te tikanga me nui ake te whakakapinga o ngā pūahi rama incandescent, ka piki ake ai ngā utu tiaki me te whakakapinga.
He rerekē, he roa te ora o ngā rama LED, arā, 25.000 ki te 50.000 hāora, neke atu rānei, i runga i te kounga me ngā tautuhinga whakamahinga. Nā te mea kāore he miro e whati ai ngā rama LED, he roa ake te ora. Nā te iti o te utu mō te whakakapi i ngā rama LED ka nui ake te ohanga mō te wā roa, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te para hiko.
utu
Ahakoa he iti ake te utu tīmatanga o ngā pūangi rama mura i tō ngā pūangi rama LED, me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te roa o te ora o te rama mā te tatau i te utu katoa mō te roanga o te ora. Ahakoa te nui ake o te utu hoko o ngā pūangi rama LED, ka nui ake te moni ka penapenahia e koe i te wā roa nā te mea he iti ake te whakamahinga pūngao me te roa ake o te ora. He maha ngā penapena mō te wā roa e ahu mai ana i te iti ake o te whakamahinga pūngao me te iti ake o te whakakapinga, te tiaki rānei.
Kounga Mārama
E mōhiotia ana ngā pūangi rama mō te kounga o te mārama mahana, whakamarie hoki, e inehia ana mā te pāmahana tae o te 2700K (Kelvin). Ka whai tēnei rama i te mārama taiao, ā, ka ātaahua ake te āhua o ngā mea e karapoti ana. He tino teitei hoki te taupū whakaatu tae (CRI) o te mārama rama, e eke ana ki te uara o te 100, ko te tikanga ka taea e ia te whakaatu tika i ngā tae o ngā mea.
He rerekē, ka taea e ngā rama LED te whakaputa i te whānuitanga o ngā pāmahana tae, mai i te tino mahana (tata ki te 2700K) ki te tino matao (neke atu i te 6000K). Hei tāpiri, kua tino whanake te hangarau LED, ā, he maha ngā hua LED e tuku ana i ngā CRI teitei, e tata ana ki ngā rama mura. Mā tēnei rerekētanga o te pāmahana tae ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rama LED i roto i ngā momo whakamahinga rama kia rite ki ngā hiahia me ngā manakohanga a te kaiwhakamahi.
Pānga ki te Taiao
Nā te iti o te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te poto o te ora o ngā pūangi rama, he nui ake te pānga ki te taiao. Ko te nui o te whakamahinga hiko he nui ake ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa pūngao, ā, ka piki ake ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi me te parahanga taiao. Hei tāpiri, nā te poto o te ora o ngā pūangi rama ka nui ake ngā para hiko me whakahaere.
I tētahi atu taha, he pai ake te taiao mō ngā rama LED. Nā te iti o te whakamahinga hiko ka whakaitihia te tapuwae waro me te hiahia pūngao. Nā te roa o te ora, he nui hoki te whakaiti i ngā para hiko. He maha ngā hua LED kāore he rauemi morearea pērā i te mercury, e kitea pinepine ana i roto i ngā rama fluorescent.
Kanorau o te Taupānga
Ko ngā rama mura e whakamahia ana i ngā mahi e hiahia ana ki te māramatanga mahana, taiao, pērā i ngā kāinga, ngā wharekai, me ētahi mahi motuhake e hiahia ana ki te māramatanga whānui. Heoi, nā te iti o te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te poto o te roa o te ora, kei te heke haere te whakamahinga.
He rerekē, he tino maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā rama LED. He pai mō ngā momo whakamahinga katoa, mai i te whare, te ahumahi, te arumoni, me te rama tiriti ki ngā whakamahinga motuhake pēnei i te rama hauora, te rama ahuwhenua rānei. Ka taea hoki te whakarerekē i ngā rama LED ki ngā āhua me ngā rahi rerekē, ā, he hototahi ki te hangarau rama atamai, he mea ngāwari ake, he mea hou ake hoki.
Whakamutunga
I te nuinga o te wā, he rerekē ngā rama incandescent me ngā rama LED, ā, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga me ngā hiahia rerekē. He mahana, he taiao te kounga o te mārama o ngā rama incandescent, engari he iti te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te poto o te roanga o te ora. He rerekē, he tino pai te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā rama LED, he roa te roanga o te ora, ā, he whānui te ngāwari o te whakamahi i ngā whakamahinga rama hou.
Ko te kōwhiringa i waenga i ngā pūangi rama mura me ngā pūangi rama LED e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hiahia motuhake, ki ngā manakohanga kounga rama, me te utu me ngā whakaaro taiao. I te haere tonu o ngā whanaketanga hangarau, ko ngā pūangi rama LED te mea pai rawa atu mō te tini o ngā kaiwhakamahi e rapu ana i tētahi otinga rama whai hua, pakari, me te pumau.
