Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā rama hihiko
He rongonui tonu ngā rama hihiko (e kiia ana ko ngā rama TL, ko ngā rama neon rānei) mō ngā kāinga, ngā tari, ngā kura, ngā whare putunga, me ngā wāhi arumoni. He māmā noa ngā take: he mārama te rama, he iti te penapena hiko, ā, he roa ake te ora—ina koa ki te whakataurite ki ngā rama mura. Heoi, ehara i te mea ko te "tino kanapa" te "tino iti te utu" anake te mea e hiahiatia ana mō te whiriwhiri i tētahi rama hihiko. Me whai whakaaro ki ētahi āhuatanga hangarau me ngā whakaritenga wāhi hei whakarite i te rama whakamarie, ohanga, me te whai hua. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te whiriwhiri i tētahi rama hihiko i roto i te huarahi whai hua me te whānui.
1. Kia Mārama ki ngā Momo Rama Hikoi e Whakawhitiwhiti Ana
I te nuinga o te wā, he maha ngā momo matua o ngā rama hikohiko:
– Ngongo rārangi (T5, T8, T10/T12): Āhua roa, he mea noa i roto i ngā tari me ngā kīhini.
– He angiangi ake ngā T5, ā, he pai ake te mahi, e whakamahia ana me ngā parepare hiko.
– He mea tino noa te T8, he ngāwari ki te kitea, ā, he maha ngā kōwhiringa tae rama.
– CFL (Rama Hikoi Iti): He rama hikoi "porowhita" he "U" rānei te āhua, he iti ake te āhua, ka taea te tāuta ki roto i te hononga E27/E14. He pai mō ngā kāinga e hiahia ana ki te whakakapi i ngā pūrama incandescent me te kore e whakarerekē i te rama.
He mea nui te mārama ki te momo, nā te mea ka whakatau i te hototahitanga ki te anga, ngā whakaritenga taumaha, te whai huatanga, me te whakamarie tirohanga.
2. Whakatauhia ngā Hiahia Rama i runga i te Rūma
He rerekē ngā hiahia mō te rama i ia rūma. Me mārama ake, me mārama ake hoki ngā wāhi mahi, engari ko te whakamarie me te āhuarangi te mea nui ki ngā rūma moe.
Hei aratohu whānui:
– Rūma moe: he āhua mārama, he whakamarie, kāore e kanapa.
– Rūma noho: he mārama te āhua, engari he mahana tonu, he manaaki hoki.
– Kīhini: mārama, mārama hoki mō ngā mahi tunu kai.
– Wāhi mahi/tari: mārama, kia ōrite hoki hei whakaiti i te ngenge o ngā kanohi.
– Whare putunga/karati: mārama, whānui te toro atu, ā, he pakari.
Kaua e titiro noa ki te wattage, engari arotahi ki ngā lumens (te nui o te mārama e whakaputaina ana). Ka taea e ngā pūangi e rua he wattage ōrite te whakaputa i ngā lumens rerekē, inā koa mēnā he rerekē ngā hangarau, te kounga rānei e whakamahia ana e rāua.
3. Kia aro ki ngā Lumens, kaua ki ngā Watts
Ko tētahi hapa noa i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi pūangi rama ko te whakaaro ko te wattage = te kanapa. Mō ngā rama fluorescent, ko te wattage e pā ana ki te whakapaunga hiko, ko ngā lumens ia e pā ana ki te kanapa.
Hei tauira whānui (tērā pea ka rerekē i runga i te waitohu me te momo):
– Ka taea e te rama hihiko 18W te whakaputa i te 1.000–1.300 lumens
– Ka taea e te rama hihiko 36W te whakaputa i te 2.000–3.000 lumens
Mō ngā rūma nui, whiriwhiria he nui ake ngā lumens, whakamahia rānei he maha ngā pūwāhi rama kia ōrite te tohatoha o te mārama, kia kore ai e hanga he atarangi koi.
4. Kōwhiria te Pāmahana Tae e Tika ana (Kelvin)
Ka whakatau te pāmahana tae i te "oro" o te mārama:
– Mā Mahana (2700K–3000K): he kōwhai, he mahana, he marino hoki. He pai mō ngā rūma moe me ngā rūma noho.
– Mā Mātao (3500K–4100K): He mātao te mā noa. He pai mō ngā rūma noho, ngā wāhi kai, me ngā rūma maha-mahi.
– Te mārama o te rā (5000K–6500K): he mā kikorangi, he ātaahua te āhua, he "mā". He pai mō ngā kīhini, ngā karāti, ngā awheawhe, ngā wāhi mahi rānei e hiahia ana kia arotahi nui.
Kāore he tika, he hē rānei; ko te mea nui ko te urutau ki te mahi a te wāhi me ngā hiahia o te kainoho.
5. Tirohia te Taupū Whakaputa Tae (CRI)
Ko te CRI (Taurangi Whakaatu Tae) e whakaatu ana i te tika o te putanga mai o te tae o tētahi mea i raro i te rama. Ka teitei ake te CRI, ka puta ake ngā tae māori.
– Ko te CRI 80+ he rawaka mō te kāinga me te tari.
– He pai rawa te CRI 90+ mō ngā whakaritenga tae tino tika, pērā i ngā whare hoahoa, ngā toa hokohoko, ngā wāhi whakapai kanohi, ngā taiwhanga whakaahua rānei.
Ka taea e ngā rama hihi-ā-rangi me te CRI iti te mea kia ahua mangu, kia "horoia noatia" rānei ngā tae, inā koa i roto i te kai, te kākahu, me te kiri.
6. Whakaarohia te Whakamāmā me te Whakamarie o te Kanohi
Ka taea e ētahi rama hihiko te whakaputa i te kimo ngawari, e kore e kitea i ētahi wā engari ka taea te whakararuraru i te kanohi, te whanoke rānei i ētahi tāngata. He nui ake te kitea o te kimo i roto i ngā pūnaha he tawhito, he iti ake rānei te kounga o ngā parepare.
Hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o te kimo:
– Kōwhiria he rama he parepare hiko (he pumau ake i te parepare aukume).
– Kōwhiria ngā hua mai i ngā waitohu pono, ā, kia rite hoki ki ngā whakaritenga mō te anga.
– Kaua e whakakotahi i ngā rama me ngā parepare e kore e hototahi.
Mena he roa ngā hāora mahi o te rūma (tari, ako), he mea tino nui tēnei whakamarie ā-kanohi.
7. Whakarite kia hototahi te Paera me te Āwhata
Me whai pūnaha tautoko ngā rama ngongo hihiko pēnei i ngā pauna me ngā tīmatanga (i runga i te momo). Ngā mea hei tirotiro:
– Me ōrite te momo ngongo (T5/T8) ki te anga.
– Ngā pauna aukume me ngā pauna hiko: Ka pā te momo pauna ki te whai huatanga o te rama, te kimo, me te roa o te ora.
– Me tutuki i te tīmatanga (mō ētahi pūnaha tawhito) ngā whakaritenga.
– Kia aro nui hoki ki te roa o te ngongo me te momo putanga (hei tauira, G13 mō te T8).
Ka taea e ngā hapa hototahi te meinga kia tere te pirau o ngā rama, kia iti ake te kanapa, kia kore rawa rānei e tiaho.
8. Kia aro ki te whai huatanga me te roa o te ora
E mōhiotia ana ngā rama hihiko mō tō rātou whai huatanga pūngao, engari he rerekē te whai huatanga me te roa o te wā i waenga i ngā hua. Tirohia te takai mō ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei:
– Lumen ia watt (whai huatanga): ka teitei ake, ka iti ake te ohanga.
– Te roa o te ora / te roa o te ratonga: e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā hāora, hei tauira 8.000–15.000 hāora.
– Te maha o ngā huringa whakaweto me te whakakā: he mea nui mēnā he maha ngā wā e whakawetohia ana, e whakakāhia ana ngā rama (hei tauira, i roto i ngā ara raro, i ngā wharepaku rānei).
Ka roa ake te ora o ngā rama hihiko mēnā kāore e tahuna, e whakawetohia rānei i ngā wā katoa i roto i te wā poto.
9. Whakarerekē ki ngā Āhuatanga Taiao
Ka pā anō hoki te taiao tāutanga ki te kōwhiringa:
– Ngā wāhi makariri, haumākū rānei: kāore ētahi rama hihiko i te tino pai i ngā pāmahana iti, i ngā pāmahana tiketike rānei.
– Ngā wāhi o waho: me whai anga ārai me te tiaki mai i te wai/puehu.
– Ngā wāhi wiri (awheawhe/karati): whiriwhiria he anga pakari kia kore ai e wetekina ngāwari te hononga.
Ina whakamahia ki te kīhini, ki te wāhi puehu rānei, ka āwhina te rama whai taupoki ki te pupuri i te ma, ā, ka pupuri hoki i te putanga mārama.
10. Kia tūpato ki te haumaru me te nui o te konukōre.
He iti noa te konukōre kei roto i ngā rama kōrekoreko. Nō reira:
– Kaua e maka ki roto i ngā para o te whare mēnā he wāhi kohikohi para hiko/B3 kei reira.
– Ki te pakaru te rama, whakapūhautia te rūma, tangohia marietia ngā paru, ā, kaua e mimitia ki te mīhini horoi puehu (i runga i ngā taunakitanga a te rohe).
– Rokirokihia ngā rama tāpiri ki tētahi wāhi haumaru kia kore ai e taka wawe.
He mea nui tēnei āhuatanga mō te haumaru o te whānau me te taiao.
11. Whakatauritehia te Utu Katoa, Kaua te Utu Kotahi
I ētahi wā, he nui ake te maumau o ngā pūangi iti te utu, he tere rānei te memeha. Whakaarohia:
- te whakapaunga hiko ia marama,
- te roa o te ora ratonga,
– ngā utu whakakapinga me te tiaki,
– te kounga o te mārama (CRI me te pumau).
Mā tēnei, ka taea e koe te aromatawai i te "uara" tuturu, ehara i te utu anake kei runga i te whata.
12. Ngā Tohutohu Whaihua mō te Hokonga
Hei karo i te whiriwhiri hē, whai i ēnei mahi ngāwari:
1. Kia mōhio ki te momo anga kei a koe (T5/T8, CFL rānei, te roa o te ngongo, te momo pūwero).
2. Whakatauhia te tae rama e hiahiatia ana (Kelvin) kia rite ki te mahi a te rūma.
3. Rapua he rama he CRI o te 80 neke atu rānei mō te whakamahinga whānui.
4. Whakaritea ngā parepare hiko mō ngā wāhi mahi kia pai ake ai te noho.
5. Kōwhiria he waitohu he ingoa pai, ā, he mārama hoki te pūtāhui.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whiriwhiri i te rama hihiko tika he huinga o ngā whakaritenga wāhi, te kanapa o te whāinga (lumen), te kaha o te mārama (Kelvin), te kounga o te tae (CRI), me te hototahi ki ngā pauna me ngā taputapu. Mā te whakaaro ki ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i te mārama kanapa, whakamarie, me te whai hua me te kore e whakakapia pinepine te rama. He mea nui tonu ngā rama hihiko mō ngā mahi maha, inā koa i ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia ōrite te mārama me te whakamahinga mō te wā roa. Ki te āta mahi koe mai i te tīmatanga, ka kitea ngā hua i roto i te whakamarie o te kanohi, te āhua o te rūma, me ngā pire hiko e taea ai te whakahaere.
