Ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā rama Halogen me ngā rama LED
Pengantar
I ēnei rā hou, he mea nui te rama horihori ki te oranga o ia rā. Nā te maha o ngā hangarau rama e āhei ai ngā kaihoko ki te whiriwhiri i runga i ō rātou hiahia me ō rātou manakohanga. I roto i ngā momo rama maha, ko ngā rama halogen me ngā rama LED (Light Emitting Diode) ngā mea rongonui e rua. Ahakoa he painga ō rāua, ko ngā rerekētanga matua i waenganui i a rāua ka waiho hei take whakatau i roto i ngā whakatau hoko. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā rama halogen me ngā rama LED mai i ngā tirohanga rerekē, tae atu ki te whai huatanga o te pūngao, te roa o te ora o te rama, te kounga o te mārama, te pānga ki te taiao, me te utu.
Hītori me ngā Mātāpono Mahi
Ngā Rama Halogen
I whakawhanakehia ngā rama halogen i te tau 1955 hei whakapai ake i ngā rama mura tuku iho. He rite tonu te kaupapa o tā rātou mahi ki ngā rama mura. Ka mahi te miro tungsten i te pāmahana tino teitei, ka whakaputa mārama mā te whakamahana i te miro kia tiaho rā anō. I roto i ngā rama halogen, kei roto i tētahi kāpū iti te miro kei roto he hau halogen, pērā i te iodine, i te bromine rānei. Ka āwhina tēnei hau ki te whakaroa i te ora o te miro mā te whakahohe i te huringa halogen-tungsten, arā, ko te tungsten i mimiti mai i te miro ka whakahokia ki runga i te miro, ka whakaiti i te pakaru.
Ngā rama LED
He auahatanga hou rawa atu te rama LED, me ngā whanaketanga nui i roto i te tekau tau kua hipa. Ka whakaputahia e ngā LED te mārama mā te tukanga electroluminescence. Ina haere te iahiko hiko i roto i te semiconductor, ka neke ngā irahiko i roto i te rauemi semiconductor ka tukinga ki ngā "pū kōhao" kua utua pai, ka puta he photon, he mārama rānei. Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te huri i te pūngao hiko ki te mārama me te tino pai o te mahi, me te kore e hiahiatia he miro incandescent.
Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga tino kitea i waenga i ngā rama halogen me ngā rama LED ko te whai huatanga o te pūngao. He nui ake te whai huatanga o ngā rama LED i ngā rama halogen.
Ngā Rama Halogen
Pērā i ngā rama mura, ka whakaputa mārama ngā rama halogen mā te whakamahana i te miro ki te pāmahana teitei. Engari, kāore tēnei tukanga i te tino whai hua, nā te mea ko te nuinga o te pūngao e whakamahia ana ka hurihia hei wera, ehara i te mārama. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te whai huatanga toharite o ngā rama halogen he 10-20 lumens ia watt.
Ngā rama LED
He rerekē, he tino whai hua ngā rama LED ki te huri i te hiko hei mārama. Ka taea e ngā rama LED te whakaputa i waenga i te 80 me te 100 lumens ia watt, neke atu rānei mō ngā hua hou. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, mā te whakamahi i ngā rama LED ka taea te whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko mā te 75% ki te 80% ki te whakaritea ki ngā rama halogen.
Te Ora o te Rama
He mea nui te roa o te ora o te rama e whakaarohia ana e ngā kaihoko. He iti ake te whakakapinga i ngā rama e roa ake ana te ora, ā, he iti ake hoki te tiaki e hiahiatia ana.
Ngā Rama Halogen
He roa ake te roa o te ora o ngā rama halogen i ngā rama incandescent, engari he poto tonu te roa ki te whakataurite ki ngā LED. I te nuinga o te wā, ka roa pea te whakamahinga o ngā rama halogen mō te 2.000 ki te 3.000 hāora.
Ngā rama LED
He tino roa te roa o te ora o ngā rama LED, arā, i waenga i te 15.000 me te 50.000 hāora te toharite. Ka taea e ētahi rama LED kounga teitei te roa ki te 100.000 hāora. Ko te tikanga, ka taea e te rama LED kotahi te roa mō ngā tau, ahakoa te whakamahinga maha i ia rā.
Kounga Mārama
He mea nui te kounga o te mārama, inā koa mō ētahi whakamahinga pēnei i te mārama o roto, he mea nui te tae me te kaha o te mārama.
Ngā Rama Halogen
E mōhiotia ana ngā rama halogen mō te whakaputa i te mārama tino māori me te mahana, he rite ki ngā rama mura. Ko te Taupū Whakaputa Tae (CRI) o ngā rama halogen he tino teitei, tata ki te 100, ko te tikanga he tino tika te āhua o ngā tae o ngā mea kua whakamāramahia. Heoi, ko te whānuitanga o te mārama halogen e anga ana ki te kōwhai, he mea tino pai pea tēnei mō ngā rama āhua.
Ngā rama LED
He ngāwari ngā rama LED ki te whakaputa i te whānuitanga o ngā pāmahana tae, mai i te mārama tino mahana (tata ki te 2700K) ki te mārama tino matao (tae atu ki te 6500K, neke atu rānei). He tino teitei hoki te Taupū Whakaputa Tae o ngā rama LED, he maha e tata ana, e neke atu ana rānei i te 90. Kua wikitoria e te hangarau LED hou te raruraru whānuitanga tae kore taurite o ngā tauira o mua, ā, he pai rawa atu mō te whānuitanga o ngā tono rama.
Pānga ki te Taiao
Ina whakaarohia ana te pānga ki te taiao, he maha ngā āhuatanga me whai whakaaro ki ēnei, pērā i te whakapaunga pūngao, ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana, me ngā tukunga i te wā e whakaputa ana, e whakakorengia ana hoki.
Ngā Rama Halogen
Ahakoa he pai ake ngā rama halogen i ngā rama incandescent i runga i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, he nui tonu te pānga ki te taiao nā te nui o te pūngao e pau ana. Hei tāpiri, kei roto i ngā rama halogen ngā rauemi e hiahia ana ki ngā rauemi nui hei whakaputa, ā, kāore i te maha ngā kōwhiringa hangarua.
Ngā rama LED
He pai ake te taiao o ngā rama LED i roto i ētahi āhuatanga. Ko te iti o te whakamahinga pūngao he iti ake ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi mai i te whakaputa hiko. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wāhanga LED ka taea te hangarua. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio ko te hanga LED he rauemi onge me ngā tukanga uaua, nō reira me whai whakaaro ki ngā pānga taiao i te wā whakaputa.
utu
He mea nui te utu i roto i ngā whakataunga a ngā kaihoko, ā, ehara i te mea ko te utu hoko anake engari ko ngā utu whakahaere pērā i te whakapaunga hiko me te whakakapinga rama.
Ngā Rama Halogen
Ko te tikanga he iti ake te utu o ngā rama halogen i ngā rama LED. He penapena tuatahi tēnei mā ngā kaihoko. Heoi, nā te poto o te roa o te ora me te iti o te whai huatanga o te pūngao, he nui ake ngā utu whakahaere mō ngā rama halogen i ngā rama LED.
Ngā rama LED
He nui ake te utu tīmatanga mō ngā rama LED, engari he iti ake ngā utu whakahaere nā te mea he pai te whakamahi i te pūngao me te roa o te ora. Mō te wā roa, he iti ake te utu o ngā rama LED i ngā rama halogen. Hei tāpiri, ka roa ake te wā whakamana a ētahi kaihanga mō ngā rama LED, ka tāpiri uara ki ngā kaihoko.
Whakamutunga
Mai i ngā āhuatanga kua kōrerotia, e mārama ana he maha ngā painga o ngā rama LED i ngā rama halogen e pā ana ki te whai hua o te pūngao, te roa o te ora o te rama, te ngāwari o te kounga o te mārama, me te pānga ki te taiao. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga o ngā rama LED, nā te penapena pūngao me te roa o te ora ka pai ake te ohanga mō te wā roa.
Heoi anō, he whakamahinga motuhake tonu ā ngā rama halogen ina hiahiatia te kounga o te māramatanga taiao, ina whakaarohia nuitia rānei te utu tīmatanga. Nō reira, ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i ngā rama halogen me ngā rama LED me ahu mai i ngā hiahia motuhake, i ngā manakohanga whaiaro, me ngā whakaaro ōhanga mō te wā roa.
He tūranga tō ngā pūahi halogen me ngā pūahi LED i roto i te ao rama o ēnei rā, ā, mā te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā mea e rua ka āwhina i ngā kaihoko ki te whakatau whai whakaaro e tika ana mō ā rātou hiahia.
