Ngā Rama Pumau mō te Kāinga
Ehara i te mea ko te kanapa anake te mea nui ki te whiriwhiri rama mō tō whare. Mā te rama tika ka pai ake te āhua o te rūma, ka pai ake te haere o ngā mahi o ia rā, ka penapena hoki i ngā pire hiko me ngā utu whakakapinga. He tokomaha te hunga ka mōhio ki te hiranga o te "rama roa" i muri i te kitenga i te pakaru tere o te pūangi, te memeha o te rama, te pikinga ohorere rānei o tā rātou pire hiko. Heoi, mā te mārama noa ki ngā momo rama, te kounga, me ngā tikanga tāutanga, ka taea e koe te whiwhi rama e roa ana mō ngā tau.
He aha te hiranga o te rama roa?
E rua ngā painga nui o te rama roa: te whai hua me te whai wāhi. Mō te utu, ka karohia e tātou te hoko pinepine i ngā pūangi hou, te waea atu rānei ki tētahi tohunga hangarau mō ngā raruraru. Mō te whakamarie, ka hangaia e te rama pumau he āhua pumau - kāore he kimo, kāore he memeha ohorere, ā, kāore he mamae o ngā kanohi. Hei tāpiri, he nui ake te penapena hiko i te rama roa, nā te mea he mea hanga ngā hangarau hou kia pai te mahi me te iti o te putanga wera.
Te Momo Rama Tino Pakari
I te mākete, ka kitea e tātou ētahi momo rama matua: te rama LED, te rama CFL (rama penapena hiko), te rama halogen, me te rama incandescent. O ēnei, ko te rama LED te mea tino pai mō ngā whare hou nā te roa o te ora me te iti o te whakamahinga hiko.
1. Ngā rama LED (Light Emitting Diode)
E mōhiotia ana ko ngā rama LED te mea roa rawa te roa o te ora, arā, 15.000 ki te 50.000 hāora te toharite, i runga i te kounga me te whakamahinga. He pai ake te penapena pūngao o ngā rama LED, ā, he iti ake te wera e whakaputaina ana. Nā te mea ko te wera te hoariri matua o ngā wāhanga hiko, ka roa ake te ora o ngā rama LED he pai ngā pūnaha marara wera.
2. Ngā rama CFL
I mua, i rongonui ngā CFL hei "pūrere penapena-pūngao" i mua i te rongonuitanga o ngā LED. Ko te roa o te ora o ngā CFL he 6.000–15.000 hāora. Ahakoa he pai ake te penapena pūngao i ngā pūrere mura, he tairongo ake ngā CFL ki te tahuri me te whakaweto pinepine, ā, he iti noa te mercury kei roto, me whakahaere motuhake i te wā e maka ana.
3. Ngā Rama Halogen
Ka homai e ngā halogens te mārama kanapa me te kounga tae pai, engari he poto ake te roa o te ora i ngā LED, ā, he nui ake te wera e whakaputaina ana. Nā tēnei ka kore e pai mō te whakamahinga roa mena ko te roa me te whai huatanga te mea nui.
4. Ngā Rama Whakakā
Ko ngā pūangi rama mura te mea iti rawa te utu i te tīmatanga, engari ko te nuinga o te hiko e whakamahia ana e rātou, ā, ko te poto rawa te roa o te ora (tata ki te 1.000 hāora). Mō ngā whare e hiahia ana ki te rama roa, me karohia ngā pūangi rama mura mēnā kāore e tika.
Ngā Āhuatanga e Whakatau ana i te Pakari o ngā Rama
Ahakoa ka whiriwhiria e koe ngā rama LED, kāore e roa te ora o ngā rama LED katoa. Anei ētahi āhuatanga e pā nui ana ki te roa o te ora o te rama:
1. Kounga o te Atekōkiri me te Wāhanga
He ara iahiko hiko (taraiwa) tō ngā rama LED hei whakahaere i te iahiko. He maha ngā wā ka tere te pakaru o ngā rama LED, ka kimo, ka pakaru rawa rānei mēnā he iti te kounga o ngā taraiwa. Ko ngā hua pai he iahiko pumau, he tiaki hoki i ngā ngaru hiko.
2. Whakahaere Wera (Heatsink)
He pai te LED, ā, he whakamahana wera tōna, he whare rānei, e tere ai te whakamarara i te wera. Mēnā ka tāutahia te rama ki tētahi wāhi kua kati rawa, kāore he hau e rere ana, ka mau te wera, ā, ka tere ake te kino.
3. Te Ngaohiko me te Pupuhi Hiko
I ētahi kāinga, ka rerekē te hiko. Ka taea hoki e ngā pikinga o te hiko ina hoki mai te hiko i muri i te motuhanga hiko te kino ki te rama. He pai te whakamahi i tētahi mea whakaū, i tētahi mea tiaki hiko rānei i ētahi wāhi, inā koa mō ngā rama nui i ngā wāhi mahi, i ngā rūma noho, i ngā rama o waho rānei.
4. Auautanga Whakakā-Whakaweto
Ko ētahi momo rama, pērā i ngā rama CFL, he tairongo ake ki te whakakā me te whakaweto pinepine i roto i te wā poto. Ko ngā rama LED he roa ake te ora, engari he mea nui tonu te kounga o te taraiwa. Mō ngā wāhi pērā i ngā kaukau, i ngā ara raro rānei e whakakā pinepinetia ana i ētahi wā, kia tino whakamahia ngā rama LED i hangaia mō taua whakamahinga.
5. Te Whakataurite i ngā Watts, Lumens, me ngā Whakaritenga Rūma
He hapa noa te whai i te kaha hiko teitei hei whakatutuki i te mārama kanapa. Heoi, ko ngā lumens, ehara i te wattage, te mea e whakatau ana i te kanapa. Ko te wattage he mea nui ake te whakapaunga hiko. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā lumens tika, kāore koe e "whakahau" i ō rama kia mahi i tua atu i tō rātou kaha e tika ana, e kore rānei e tāuta i te maha rawa o ngā rama.
Ngā Tohutohu mō te Kōwhiri i ngā Rama LED Roa te Ora
Hei karo i te hoko hē, kia aro ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi rama mō tō whare:
1. Tirohia te whakatauranga roa o te ora kei runga i te takai (hei tauira, 15.000 hāora, 25.000 hāora).
2. Kia tūpato ki te pūtāhui. He maha ngā wā ka tae mai ngā hua LED pai me te pūtāhui o te 1–2 tau, neke atu rānei.
3. Kōwhiria he waitohu pono, ā, he mārama hoki ngā paerewa kounga (SNI, ētahi atu tiwhikete e tika ana rānei).
4. Kia aro ki te CRI (Taurangi Whakaatu Tae). He pai te CRI o te 80 mō te kāinga, engari he pai ake te CRI o te 90+ mō ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia tika te tae, pērā i te kīhini, te rūma paura, te rūma mahi iti rānei.
5. Kōwhiria te pāmahana tae e tika ana (Kelvin). He pai te mā mahana (2700–3000K) mō ngā rūma noho me ngā rūma moe; he pai te mā kūpapa (4000K) mō ngā kīhini me ngā wāhi mahi; he pai te mārama o te rā (5000–6500K) mō ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia mārama, kia ma, pērā i te karāti, i te māra rānei.
6. Ki te whakamahi koe i te dimmer, kia tino taea te whakaiti i te mārama. Kāore e taea e ngā LED katoa te whakamahi i ngā dimmer, ā, ki te kore e hototahi, ka taea e te mārama te kimo, ka pakaru wawe.
Te Tāutanga me te Whakamahinga hei Whakaroa i te Ora o ngā Rama
Haunga te kōwhiringa hua, ka pāngia hoki te roa o te ora o te rama e tōna whakamahinga:
– Whakamahia he ārai rama e taea ai te rere o te hau. Kaua e tāuta i ngā rama LED ki roto i tētahi wāhi hiri mena kāore te rama i hangaia mōna.
– Kia tino mau te hononga o te rama. Ki te kore e pai te pā atu, ka wera rawa te rama, ā, ka pakaru pea ngā mura iti.
– Horoia te puehu i ngā wā katoa, inā koa ngā rama tuanui, ngā taputapu o waho rānei. Ka taea e te puehu te hopu i te wera, ā, ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te rama.
– Whakaarohia ngā pūoko, ngā taima rānei mō ngā wāhi motuhake. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te rama kia kā roa rawa, ā, ka āwhina hoki i te whakamahinga auau.
Ngā Whakamahinga i Manakohia i roto i ngā Wāhi Rerekē o te Kāinga
He rerekē ngā hiahia o ia wāhi, ā, mā ēnei rautaki ka roa ake te ora o ō rama, ka pai ake hoki te noho:
– Rūma noho: He rama LED mā mahana me te CRI iti rawa o te 80 mō te āhuarangi mahana, taiao hoki.
– Rūma moe: He rama LED mā mahana, ā, karohia te rama makariri rawa kia pai ai te noho marino.
– Kīhini: He mā mārō, he mā matao rānei te rama LED, whiriwhiria tētahi e kanapa ana (e nui ana ngā lumens) ā, he pai te CRI hei tiro tika i ngā tae kai.
– Kaukau: He rama LED me te tiaki makuku (kia mōhio ki te whakatauranga IP mēnā e tata ana ki ngā puna wai).
– Māra/pātio: Ngā rama LED o waho me te whakatauranga IP e tika ana, ā, whakaarohia ngā rama pūoko nekehanga mō te whai huatanga.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea ko te hoko noa i ngā pūangi "utu nui" me "kanapa" te take o te rama roa mō tō kāinga; engari ko te whiriwhiri i te hangarau tika (ina koa ko ngā LED), te aro ki te kounga o ngā wāhanga, me te whakarite kia tautokona te roa o te ora o te rama e te taiao tāutanga me te whakamahinga. Mā te whakaaro ki ngā lumens, te pāmahana tae, te CRI, te pūtāhui, me te whakahaere wera, ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i te rama whakamarie, pumau, me te roa, he pai te penapena hiko mō tō kāinga. Hei whakamutunga, ko te rama roa e kore e whakaiti noa i te raruraru o te whakakapi i ngā pūangi, engari ka āwhina hoki ki te hanga i tētahi kāinga pai ake, kia ma, kia ngahau hoki.
