Ngā Rama Whakakākā Tiaki Pūngao
I waenganui i te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō te hiko me te mōhiotanga o te marea ki ngā take taiao, kei te whai tikanga tonu te kaupapa o te rama whare. Mō ngā tekau tau, ko ngā pūangi rama te mea tino rongonui nā te iti o te utu, te mahana o te mārama, me te ngāwari o te wātea. Heoi, he rongonui ngā pūangi rama tuku iho he nui te kaha e pau ana: ko te nuinga o te hiko e whakamahia ana e rātou ka hurihia hei wera, ehara i te mārama. Koinei te wāhi i puta ai tētahi whakaaro rerekē engari he mea whakamere: ko ngā pūangi rama penapena-pūngao. Ka taea e ngā pūangi rama te whai hua ake? He aha ngā hangarau e tata ana ki te "whakaora-pūngao"? Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā, ngā whanaketanga, ngā painga, ngā ngoikoretanga, me ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri rama whakaaro nui.
Te Mārama ki ngā Pūangi Rama Ārama me te Take e Mōmona ai te Pūngao
He māmā noa te kaupapa o ngā pūahi rama kanapa. Ina rere te iahiko hiko i roto i te miro (te nuinga he tungsten), ka wera ake kia tiaho, kia puta ai te mārama. Ko te raruraru, ka tukuna e te miro kanapa he whānuitanga o te pūngao, tae atu ki te irahiko infrared, e kitea ana e tātou he wera. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, he nui te pūngao ka "momori" hei wera, engari he iti noa te wāhanga ka riro hei mārama e kitea ana.
I te nuinga o te wā, he iti iho te whai huatanga o ngā pūangi rama tuku iho i ngā hangarau rama hou pēnei i ngā rama LED. E kitea mārama ana te hua i roto i te whakamahinga hiko: kia eke ki tētahi taumata kanapa kua whakaritea, me nui ake te mana (wattage) o ngā pūangi rama. Nō reira, ko te kupu "pūangi rama penapena-pūngao" e pā ana ki ngā pūangi rama tuku iho, engari ki ngā momo kua whakapaitia, ki ngā pūangi rānei e "āhua ana ki ngā rama kanapa" i runga i te tae me ngā āhuatanga o te mārama, engari e whakamahi ana i te hangarau whai hua ake.
He aha te tikanga o "Ngā rama mura e penapena ana i te hiko"?
I te mākete hokohoko, he maha ngā āhuatanga o tēnei kupu:
1. Rama halogen (rama halogen incandescent)
He whanaketanga o te rama mura te halogen. Kei te whakamahi tonu i te miro tungsten, engari kei roto i te pūangi he hau halogen (pērā i te iodine, i te bromine rānei) e tautoko ana i te "huringa halogen," e āhei ai te miro ki te mahi i ngā pāmahana teitei ake, ka roa ake te ora me te putanga mārama kanapa i te wattage kotahi. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rama mura tuku iho, he pai ake te mahi a ngā halogen, ahakoa kei te noho tonu rātou i muri i ngā LED.
2. Ngā rama mura me te hoahoa whakaata, te hangarau paninga rānei
Ko ētahi mahi auaha e ngana ana ki te "whakahoki" i te wera whero-whero ki te miro mā te whakamahi i tētahi paninga motuhake (paninga whero-whero). I roto i te ariā, ka taea e te wera whakaata te āwhina ki te pupuri i te pāmahana o te miro, me te iti ake o te hiko e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa i te nui o te māramatanga. Kua whakawhanakehia tēnei momo hangarau i roto i ngā kaupapa rangahau maha, ahakoa kāore i te noa tonu tōna whakamahinga i roto i te mākete hokohoko.
3. Ngā rama LED he āhua me te tae kanapa rite ki te mura
He tokomaha e kī ana i ngā rama LED he "ngā rama mura e penapena ana i te hiko" nā te mea ka puta he mārama mā mahana e rite ana ki ngā rama mura (tata ki te 2700K), ā, he rite te āhua o ā rātou rama ki ngā rama mura tawhito. Ahakoa ehara i te rama mura, koinei te otinga rongonui mō te whakatutuki i te kanapa mura me te kore e moumou pūngao.
Nō reira, ko te "penapena pūngao" i roto i te horopaki o ngā rama muramura he tikanga te whakakapi i ngā rama muramura tuku iho ki ngā hangarau e rite ana ki ō rātou āhuatanga mārama, ahakoa he pai ake ngā halogen, he pai ake rānei ngā LED.
He Whakataurite Tere: Te Āhua Waro, te Halogen, te CFL, me te LED
Hei whakamāmā ake i te mārama, anei tētahi tauira māmā:
– Ngā rama mura noa: he mārama mahana, he CRI tino pai (tika o te tae), he iti te utu, engari he maumau, he poto noa te ora.
– Hārogen: he rite ki te rama mura, he pai ake te whai huatanga, he roa ake te ora i te rama mura, engari he nui tonu te wera e puta mai ana.
– CFL (rama penapena pūngao porowhita): he iti ake te whakamahinga hiko, engari ka taea te whakauru i te konukōrei, ā, ka rerekē te kounga o te mārama.
– LED: he rama tino penapena pūngao, he roa te ora, he iti ake te wera, he whānui ngā tae me ngā taumata kanapa e wātea ana, engari ko te kounga o te hua e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te waitohu/taraiwa.
Mena ko te penapena pūngao tō whāinga matua, ko ngā rama LED te mea pai rawa atu. Mena kei te rapu koe i ngā āhuatanga o te rama mura, ā, kei te hiahia tonu koe ki te penapena nui atu i ngā rama mura tuku iho, ka taea e ngā halogen te noho hei "piriti", ahakoa kāore i te rite te nui o ngā penapena ki ngā rama LED.
He aha i rapua tonu ai ngā rama mura?
Ahakoa he maumau moni, he maha ngā take e pai ake ai ngā rama mura:
1. Ngā tae mārama mahana, whakamarie hoki
Ka puta he whānuitanga mārama tonu mai i ngā pūangi kanapa, ā, ka āhua tūturu ake te tae o ngā mea. He maha ngā wā ka honoa tēnei ki te āhuarangi "mahana" o te kāinga.
2. He pai mō ngā kanohi i ētahi wā
I roto i te rūma noho, i te rūma moe, i te wharekai rānei, he maha ngā wā ka pai ake te mārama mahana i te mā matao.
3. Ngāwari ki te whakaiti (ka taea te whakaiti)
He maha ngā pūangi rama mura e ngāwari ana te whakakotahi me te whakamama rama noa. Ka taea hoki te whakamama rama i ngā LED, engari me whai taraiwa hototahi me te whakamama rama hei ārai i te kimokimo.
Nā ēnei take, ko ngā auahatanga "rama incandescent penapena-pūngao" e whai ana ki te pupuri i te kounga o te mārama me te whakamarie o te tirohanga, me te whakaiti hoki i te whakapaunga hiko.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā rama e whai hua ana ki te pūngao me te āhua "kanapa"
Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te āhua o te rama incandescent engari he iti ake te utu, whakaarohia ēnei āhuatanga:
1. Arotahi ki ngā lumens, kaua ki ngā watts
Ko te wattage e tohu ana i te whakapaunga hiko, ehara i te kanapa. Hei whakataurite i te kanapa, tirohia ngā lumens. Hei tauira, ko te pūangi rama e 800 lumens te rahi, he rite tonu te kanapa ki te rama incandescent 60W (tērā pea ka rerekē ngā tau i runga i te hua).
2. Tīpakohia te pāmahana tae (Kelvin) 2700K–3000K
Mō te tae kanapa, kimihia he tapanga Ma Mahana tata ki te 2700K. Ki te hiahia koe ki tētahi tae māhana engari he paku noa iho, he pai pea te 3000K.
3. Kia aro ki te CRI (Taupū Whakatakotoranga Tae)
E mōhiotia ana ngā pūangi rama mō ō rātou CRI teitei. Kōwhiria ngā pūangi he 80, neke atu rānei te CRI, ā, ki te taea, he 90, neke atu rānei te CRI mō ngā tae tika ake, inā koa i ngā rūma kai, i ngā rūma paura, i ngā wāhi whakaaturanga rānei.
4. Kia iti te "whakakorikori"
He iti te kanapa o ētahi rama LED iti te utu, ā, ka tere te hoha o ō kanohi. Rapua ngā hua e whakatairanga ana i te kanapa iti, e whakamahi ana rānei i ngā taraiwa kounga teitei.
5. Ki te whakamahi koe i te dimmer, kia tino hototahi.
Whakamahia ngā rama LED ka taea te whakaiti i te kanapa me te whakaiti i te kanapa e tika ana. Mā te huinga hē ka taea te whakakorikori, te haruru, te pakaru wawe rānei o te rama.
6. Whakaarohia te āhua o te pūangi
He maha ngā rama LED hou e puta mai ana i te āhua o ngā pūangi tawhito (A60), ngā kānara, ngā miro LED rānei e āhua rite ana ki ngā miro mura. He pai ēnei mō ngā rama whakairi whakapaipai.
Penapenahia te Pūngao Kaua e Mai i ngā Rama Anake
Haunga te whakakapi i ngā rama, ka taea hoki te penapena hiko mā roto i ngā tikanga me te hoahoa:
– Whakamahia ngā rama e hāngai ana ki te rohe: me whakakā ngā rama ki ngā wāhi e whakamahia ana anake.
– Whakanuia te māramatanga taiao: whakatuwheratia ngā ārai, whakamahia ngā tae kanapa ake mō te pakitara.
– Whakamahia te ārai rama tika: mā te ārai e whakaata pai ana i te mārama ka taea te whakanui ake i te "ahua o te mārama" me te kore e tāpiri i te kaha.
– Horoia te angaanga i ia wā: ka whakaitihia te putanga mārama e te puehu i runga i te taupoki me te pūangi.
Mā tēnei rautaki, ka taea te whakaiti i te hiahiatanga hiko mō te rama, me te kore e whakaiti i te whakamarie.
Whakamutunga
Ko te kupu "Ngā Pūangi Hiko Pūngao-Pai" e whakaahua ana i te whāinga kia tutuki ai ngā āhuatanga mahana, tika o te rama hiko, engari he iti ake te whakapaunga hiko. I roto i te mahi, ko ngā kōwhiringa tino noa ko ngā pūangi halogen (he pai ake i ngā pūangi hiko tikanga) ngā pūangi LED tae-hiko rānei (ko te mea tino ohanga me te roa te mau). Mena he pai ki a koe te āhua o te rama hiko, whiriwhiria he LED ma mahana 2700K me te CRI teitei me te taraiwa pai. Mā tēnei, ka taea e koe te pupuri i te āhua mahana i roto i tō whare me te penapena i ngā pire hiko me te whakaiti i tō pānga ki te taiao.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga kia 1000 kupu te roa (i tēnei wā kua tata ki te 1000), ki te whakaputa rānei hei putanga pūtaiao/rongonui ake, me ngā tauira tātaitanga penapena utu hiko.
