Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā rama hiko: He aratohu katoa mō te rama tika
Ehara i te mea he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te rama hiko tika hei whakarite i te māramatanga tika i roto i te rūma, engari hei whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o te pūngao me te waihanga i te āhuarangi o roto e hiahiatia ana. He maha ngā momo rama e wātea ana i te mākete, mai i ngā rama LED me ngā rama CFL ki ngā rama incandescent me ngā rama halogen, he mahi uaua te whiriwhiri i te mea pai rawa atu. Mā tēnei tuhinga koe e āwhina ki te mārama ki ngā momo rama hiko rerekē, ā, ka whakaratohia he aratohu taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa hei whiriwhiri i te mea e pai ana mō ō hiahia.
1. Te Mārama ki ngā Momo Rama Hiko
I mua i te whiriwhiri i tētahi rama, he mea nui kia mārama ki ngā momo rama hiko e wātea ana me ō rātou painga. Anei ētahi momo rama hiko e whakamahia whānuitia ana:
a. Ngā Rama Ārama
He momo rama tuku iho ngā pūangi rama mura, kua neke atu i te rautau te whakamahinga. Ka whakaputa mārama mā te whakamahana i te miro tae noa ki te mura. Ahakoa he iti te utu, ā, he mahana te kanapa, he iti te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā pūangi rama mura nā te mea ko te nuinga o te pūngao ka hurihia hei wera, ehara i te mārama.
b. Ngā Rama Hikoi (CFL)
He iti ake te kaha e pau ana i ngā rama rama kōwhai kiato (CFL), ā, he roa ake te ora o ēnei rama i ngā rama mura. Mā te tuku i te iahiko hiko mā roto i tētahi hau pērā i te argon me te iti o te mercury ka puta he mārama ultraviolet ka hurihia hei mārama e kitea ana e te paninga phosphor i te taha o roto o te ngongo.
c. Te Pūhiko Whakaputa Marama (LED)
Ko ngā rama LED ngā hangarau hou rawa atu mō te rama. He tino penapena pūngao, ā, he roa te ora. Ka whakaputahia e ngā rama LED te mārama mā te nekehanga o ngā irahiko i roto i tētahi rauemi haurua-ira, ka whakaputahia te mārama me te iti o te whakaputanga wera. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga, he nui ngā penapena hiko mō te wā roa e tukuna ana e ngā rama LED.
d. Ngā Rama Halogen
He momo rama hikohiko ake ngā rama halogen, e whakamahi ana i te hau halogen hei whakanui ake i te kanapa me te roa o te rama. Ka whakaputahia e rātou he mārama ma kanapa ake me te pai ake o te kaha i ngā rama hikohiko. Heoi, he nui ake te wera e whakaputaina ana e rātou i ngā rama LED me ngā rama CFL.
2. Kia aro ki ngā Lumens, kaua ki ngā Watts
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi rama hiko, he mea nui kia aro nui ki ngā lumens, kaua ki te wattage. Ka ine te wattage i te pūngao e whakamahia ana e te mārama, ko ngā lumens ia ka ine i te nui o te mārama e whakaputaina ana. Ahakoa he kanapa ake ngā pūangi wattage teitei ake, kāore i te pēnei tonu i ngā hangarau hou pēnei i ngā LED.
Hei aratohu, anei ngā whakatau tata mō ngā lumens e hiahiatia ana mō ngā taumata rama rerekē:
– Rama Whānui: 500-1000 lumens
– Rama Mahi (hei tauira, tēpu mahi): 1000-2000 lumens
– Rama Whakahirahira (hei tauira, rama toi pakitara): 200-500 lumens
3. Te Whakatau i te Pāmahana Tae (Kelvin)
Ka inehia te pāmahana tae o te pūangi rama i roto i te Kelvin (K) ā, ka pā ki te āhua o te rūma. Ko ngā pāmahana tae mai i te mahana (2.700K – 3.000K) ki te koretake (3.500K – 4.100K) ki te mātao (5.000K – 6.500K).
– Mārama Mahana (2.700K – 3.000K): He kōwhai te tae o tēnei mārama, ā, ka hangaia he āhuarangi mahana, whakamarie hoki, he mea pai mō ngā rūma pēnei i ngā rūma noho me ngā rūma moe.
– Mārama Kūpapa (3.500K – 4.100K): Ka whakarato te mārama kūpapa i te māramatanga māori, kanapa hoki, he pai mō ngā kīhini me ngā wāhi mahi.
– Mārama Matao (5.000K – 6.500K): He kikorangi te nuinga o te wā o te mārama matao, ā, he tino kanapa, he pai mō ngā karāti, ngā rūma pānui, ngā wāhi rānei e hiahia ana ki te mārama tino kanapa.
4. Whakaarohia te Taupū Whakatakotoranga Tae (CRI)
Ka ine te Taupū Whakatakotoranga Tae (CRI) i te kaha o te rama ki te whakaputa tika i ngā tae ki te whakataurite ki te māramatanga taiao. Ka inehia te CRI i runga i te tauine mai i te 0 ki te 100, ā, ko ngā tau teitei ake e tohu ana i te whakaputanga tae pai ake. Mō te whakamārama kāinga, he nui te rama me te CRI neke atu i te 80. Mō ngā whakamahinga whakamārama motuhake pēnei i te toi, te whakaahua rānei, me whai CRI neke atu i te 90.
5. Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao me te Utu
He mea nui te whai hua o te pūngao ina whiriwhiria he rama. Ko ngā rama LED ngā mea tino whai hua, ā, whai muri ko ngā CFL, ngā halogen, me ngā pūangi incandescent. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga o ngā rama LED, nā te roa o te ora me te whai huatanga teitei ka nui ake te ohanga mō te wā roa.
Hei hoatu i tētahi pikitia tūturu ki a koe, anei tētahi tauira o te whakatairite i te whai huatanga o te pūngao me ngā utu i waenga i ngā momo rama rerekē:
– Rama Ārai (60W): Te roa o te ora mō te 1.000 hāora, ko te utu whakahaere ā-tau mō te 150.000 tāra
– Rama Hikoi (CFL, 14W): Te roa o te ora mō te 10.000 hāora, ko te utu whakahaere ā-tau mō te 35.000 tāra
– Rama LED (10W): Te roa o te ora tata ki te 25.000 hāora, ko te utu whakahaere ā-tau tata ki te Rp. 25.000
6. Whakaarohia te Taiao Whakamahinga
Ehara i te mea he pai ngā rama katoa mō ngā āhuatanga katoa. Whakaarohia te taiao e whakamahia ai te rama:
– Mō roto, mō waho rānei: Me ātete ngā rama mō te whakamahi i waho ki te huarere. Me whakarite kei te rama he whakatauranga IP e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga o te rangi.
– Ngā Rūma Makuku Nui: Me āhei ngā rama i roto i te kaukau, i te kīhini rānei ki te tu atu i te makuku nui.
7. Kia Mārama ki te Āhua me te Taunga o te Rama
Ko te āhua me te taunga o te rama (te turanga, te pūwero rānei) ka whakatau i tāu whiringa. Ko ngā āhua noa ko te porowhita, te porowhita, te whakaata, me te ngongo. Me whakarite kia tau te taunga ki ngā pūwero i roto i tō whare, pērā i te E27, B22, GU10, me ētahi atu.
8. Ngā Take Haumarutanga
He mea nui te haumaru i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā rama hiko. Ko ētahi o ngā whakaaro haumaru ko:
– Te Ārai i te Werawera Rawa: Ka wera rawa ētahi momo rama, inā koa ko te halogen, ā, ka tū hei tūponotanga ahi mēnā kāore e tika te whakahaere.
– Ngā Rauemi Paitini: He iti noa te mercury kei roto i ngā rama CFL, he mea morearea mēnā ka pakaru te pūrama. Kāore i roto i ngā rama LED ēnei rauemi morearea, ā, he haumaru ake mō te taiao.
– Hototahitanga o te Ngaohiko: Me whakarite kei te hototahi te rama ki te ngaohiko hiko o tō whare.
Whakamutunga
He haumitanga te whiriwhiri i te rama hiko tika ki te kounga o te oranga me te whai huatanga o te pūngao o tō whare. Mā te whakaaro ki te momo rama, ngā lumens, te pāmahana tae, te CRI, te whai huatanga o te pūngao, te taiao whakamahinga, te āhua me te taunga, me ngā āhuatanga haumaru, ka taea e koe te whakarite kia tutuki i tāu whiriwhiringa ō hiahia rama engari ka tautoko hoki i tētahi taiao whakamarie me te ma.
Mā tēnei aratohu, ka taea e koe te whakatau pai ake, whai whakaaro ake hoki i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā rama hiko, kia puta ai ngā hua tino pai, ā, kia roa hoki te wā e mau ana.
