Ngā Painga me ngā Tūponotanga o ngā Matū Hauota
He matū rongonui te haukini i roto i te oranga o ia rā, nā te mea he patu huakita me te horoi mā. I roto i te ripanga ā-pūmotu, ko te haukini te tohu Cl, ā, he mema ia nō te rōpū halogen. I te pāmahana rūma, he hau kōwhai-kakariki te haukini parakore me te kakara kino. Ahakoa e kiia ana he "matū morearea", he mahi nui tā te haukini ki te pupuri i te hauora tūmatanui, te ahumahi, me te maimoatanga wai. Heoi, ahakoa ōna painga, ka taea e te haukini te whakararuraru nui mēnā ka whakamahia hē, inā koa mēnā ka hongihia, ka tauhohe rānei ki ētahi atu matū hei hanga i ngā matū paitini.
E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā painga matua o ngā matū hauwaiwai, me ngā tūponotanga hei mōhio māu kia haumaru ai, kia whai hua ai hoki tōna whakamahinga.
Te Mōhio ki ngā Matū Hauota i te Oranga o Ia Rā
Ina kī te tangata "chlorine," ehara i te mea ko te hau chlorine parakore te tikanga, engari ko ngā matū kei roto i te chlorine pērā i te sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) i roto i te bleach, te calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)₂) i roto i te kaukau chlorine, me ngā chloramine e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi pūnaha maimoatanga wai. Kei reira anō ngā chloride, pērā i te sodium chloride (NaCl), te tote tēpu rānei, kei roto te chlorine engari he rerekē rawa ngā āhuatanga, ā, ehara i te "bleaching".
He mea nui kia wehewehea ēnei momo nā te mea he rerekē ngā taumata mōrearea me ngā tikanga whakamahinga. He kaha te whakahāngai i te hauota i roto i tōna āhua hohe (hei tauira, te hypochlorite), ā, he whai hua ki te patu i ngā huakita, engari ka taea hoki e ia te whakapataritari i te kiri, ngā kanohi, me te ara manawa.
Ngā Hua o ngā Matū Hauota
1. Te Whakakore i te Mate Wai Inu me te Tiaki Hauora Tūmatanui
Ko te whakamahinga nui rawa atu o te hauota ko te patu i te wai. Ka taea e te hauota te patu i ngā huakita, ngā huaketo, me ētahi momo protozoa ka puta ai ngā mate pēnei i te mate korere, te korara, me te taiphus. I roto i te maha o ngā whenua, ka whakamahia te hauota i roto i ngā whare horoi wai inu hei whakarite kia noho haumaru te wai o te whare, ahakoa kua puta i roto i ngā paipa tohatoha roa.
Ko te painga o te chlorine i runga i ētahi atu tikanga ko te noho tonu o te patu huakita i te wā e tohatohahia ana, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te poke anō. Mai i te tirohanga hauora tūmatanui, ko te whakamahinga o te chlorine tētahi mahi auaha kua tino whakaiti i te maha o ngā mate pipiri e puta mai ana i te wai.
2. Te Whakamakuku i te Puna Kaukau
He mea tino whakamahia te hauota hei pupuri i te ma o ngā puna kaukau. Ka taea e te wai puna te noho hei wāhi whakatupu mō ngā iroriki nā te mea he maha ngā tāngata e whakamahi ana. Mēnā ka tika te horopeta, ka āwhina te hauota ki te patu i ngā moroiti me te pupuri i te wai kia mārama. Ko ngā matū pēnei i te konupūmā hauota, te konutai hauota rānei e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō tēnei kaupapa.
Heoi anō, ka pāngia hoki te whai huatanga o te chlorine i roto i te puna kaukau e te pH. Mēnā kāore te pH i te tino pai, ka heke tōna kaha patu huakita, ā, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā mea whakapataritari pēnei i te chloramines. Nō reira, me piri te tiaki puna kaukau ki ngā paerewa me ngā inenga auau.
3. Ngā Kaiwhakama me ngā Kaiwhakahoro Whare
Ka āwhina te wai mākū i roto i te konutai haikoroiti ki te tango i ngā paru, ki te whakama i ngā kakahu, me te patu i ngā huakita i runga i ngā mata o te whare pērā i ngā kaukau, ngā kīhini, me ngā papa. I ētahi wā—pērā i te wā o te pakarutanga mai o te mate—he maha ngā wā ka tūtohutia ngā hua i roto i te haikoroiti hei patu i ngā mata, me te whakaranu tika.
Hei tāpiritanga, e whakamahia ana hoki te chlorine i roto i ētahi tukanga ahumahi i roto i te hanga pepa me te hanga kakahu, ahakoa i roto i ngā mahi hou, he maha ngā ahumahi kei te tīmata ki te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga e pai ake ana ki te taiao.
4. Ngā Rauemi Mata mō te Ahumahi Matū me te Rongoā
Ka whakamahia te hauota hei rauemi mata mō ngā hua nui, pērā i te PVC (polyvinyl chloride) mō ngā paipa, ngā taura, me ngā rauemi hanga, tae atu ki ētahi atu matū pērā i ngā whakarewa me ngā takawaenga ahumahi. I roto i te rāngai rongoā, he maha ngā tukanga hanga rongoā e whakamahi ana i ngā matū hauota. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ehara te hauota i te "kaihoko horoi" anake engari he wāhanga nui anō hoki i roto i te mekameka whakaputa o ngā hua maha e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā.
5. Te Whakahaere Para me te Whakapaipai i ngā Whare Tūmatanui
I ētahi pūnaha, ka whakamahia te chlorine hei whakaiti i ngā moroiti i roto i te wai para i mua i te tukunga ki te taiao. Ka whakamahia hoki te chlorine i roto i ngā whare tūmatanui—ngā hōhipera, ngā kura, me ngā whare tukatuka kai—hei horoi i ngā taputapu me ngā mata. Ina whakamahia kia rite ki ngā paerewa haumaru, ka whakaitihia e te chlorine te mōrearea o te horapa o te mate.
Ngā Tūponotanga o ngā Matū Hauota
Ahakoa he pai te hauota, ka pā kino tonu ki te hauora me te taiao, inā koa ka nui te kukū, ka roa te whakamahinga, ka hē rānei te ranunga.
1. Te riri me te kino ki te ara manawa
Ka taea e te hau chlorine, e te kohu whakapataritari rānei mai i ngā hua kei roto te chlorine te puta ai te maremare, te poto o te manawa, te mamae o te uma, me te riri o te korokoro. Mēnā he nui te kukū o te chlorine, ka taea e ia te kino i te kiko o te pukahukahu, ā, ka puta ai ngā mate kino pērā i te pupuhi o te pukahukahu.
Ka piki ake te mōrearea i ngā wāhi kua kati, kāore e pai te hauhautanga, ina nui rawa te whakamahinga o te wai mā. Nō reira, me whakamahi ngā hua chlorine i ngā wāhi e pai ana te hauhautanga, ā, kaua e hongihia tika ngā kohu.
2. Te riri o te kiri me te kanohi
He waikura te hauota i ētahi kukū. Ka maroke te kiri, ka whero, ka wera, ka riri hoki te kiri i te wā e pā ana ki ngā wai hypochlorite kukū. Ka mamae nui, ka mumura hoki te kiri i te wā e pā ana ki ngā kanohi.
He mea nui te whakamahi i ngā karapu, ngā karu tiaki (mō ētahi mahi), me te horoi ki te wai rere mēnā ka pā ki te kiri, hei ārai i te whara.
3. Ngā Tūponotanga Whakamate nā te Whakaranua ki Ētahi Atu Rauemi
Ko tētahi o ngā tūponotanga nui ko te whakaranu i te wai mākū chlorine me ētahi atu hua, inā koa:
– Ngā waikawa (hei tauira, ngā kaihoroi wharepaku he waikawa): ka taea te whakaputa hau chlorine.
– Haukini (hei tauira, ētahi kaihoroi karāhe, mimi rānei): ka taea te hanga i ngā chloramine paitini.
– Te ranunga o ētahi atu matū kāore e mōhiotia: te mōrearea o te whakaputa hau whakapataritari, ngā tauhohenga wera rānei.
He maha ngā wā ka puta ngā mate pāwera o te whare nā te kore mōhio ki te whakaranu i ēnei matū. Ko te ture haumaru: kaua rawa e whakaranu i te wai mākū chlorine me ētahi atu hua horoi ki te kore e mārama te kī i roto i ngā tohutohu mana.
4. Ngā Pānga ki te Taiao me ngā Hua-Tae
I roto i te maimoatanga wai, ka taea e te whakamahinga o te chlorine te whakaputa i ngā hua patu huakita pērā i te trihalomethanes (THMs) ina tauhohe ki ētahi rauemi rauropi. Ko ētahi o ēnei huakita he mea āwangawanga nā te mea ka pā kino pea ki te hauora i ngā taumata tiketike me te roa o te whakamahinga. Nō reira, he tino pakari ngā paerewa a ngā whare maimoatanga wai hei whakarite i te horopeta chlorine tika me te pupuri i ngā huakita i raro i ngā taumata paepae.
I roto i ngā taiao wai, ka pā te tukunga o te nui o te chlorine, o ngā matū chlorine rānei ki ngā rauropi wai. Nō reira, me whai tikanga motuhake te whakahaere para i ahu mai i te chlorine.
5. Te Rokiroki me te Mōrearea Aituā
Me penapena tika ngā hua hauota. Ka pirau pea te wai mā te wera me te rā, ā, ka tukuna pea te hau. Me kati pūmau hoki ngā ipu hei ārai i te mimiti. I runga i te tauine ahumahi, he āhuatanga ohorere te turuturu o te hau hauota nā te mea he paitini, he tere hoki te horapa.
Me pēhea te whakamahi haumaru i ngā matū hauota
Hei whakanui ake i ngā painga o te chlorine me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea, he maha ngā mahi ngāwari ka taea te whakamahi:
1. Whakamahia kia rite ki ngā tohutohu i runga i te tapanga (tae atu ki te whakaranu).
2. Kia pai te hauhautanga i te wā e horoi ana i te rūma.
3. Kaua e whakaranua te wai mākū chlorine ki ngā waikawa, ki te haukini rānei.
4. Whakamahia he tiaki pēnei i ngā karapu, inā koa mō te kiri tairongo.
5. Penapena kia kore e taea e ngā tamariki te toro atu, ki te wāhi hauhautanga, kia kore hoki e pāngia e te rā tika.
6. Ki te nui rawa te pānga o te hau (ngā kanohi mamae, te poto o te manawa, te maremare nui), neke atu ki te hau hou ka rapu awhina hauora.
Whakamutunga
He nui ngā painga o ngā matū hauota i roto i te ao hou: te pupuri i te haumaru o te wai inu, te whakahoromata i ngā puna kaukau, te āwhina ki te horoi i ngā kāinga me ngā whare tūmatanui, me te tautoko i te umanga matū. Heoi, ahakoa ēnei mahi nui, ka taea hoki e te hauota te whakararuraru i ngā tūponotanga kino, pērā i te riri, te kino o te manawa, me te paitini nā te whakaranu hē. Ko te mea nui ko te whakamahi tika i te hauota, i te taurite, me te whai i ngā tikanga haumaru. Mēnā he mārama tika, ka taea e te hauota te noho hei taputapu tino whai hua me te kore e whakararu i te hauora me te taiao.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga kia 1000 kupu tonu (nā te mea ka rerekē pea te roa o ngā kupu i runga i ngā tātaitanga), ka taea rānei e au te waihanga i tētahi putanga mō ngā mahi kura me tētahi rārangi pukapuka poto me tētahi hanganga whakataki–kōrero–whakamutunga.
