Me pēhea te wehewehe i ngā ranunga
Ko te ranunga he huinga o ngā matū e rua, neke atu rānei, kāore e honoa ki te matū. Ka taea e ngā ranunga te hanga i ngā mea totoka, ngā wai, ngā hau, te whakakotahitanga rānei o ngā mea e toru. He mea nui te tukanga wehewehe i ngā ranunga i roto i ngā momo mara, tae atu ki te matū, te rongoā, te hinu matū, me te tukatuka kai. Mā te wehewehe i ngā ranunga ka taea e tātou te whiwhi i ngā matū parakore e hiahiatia ana mō ngā momo tono.
He maha ngā tikanga ka taea te whakamahi hei wehewehe i ngā ranunga, i runga i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o ngā wāhanga kei roto i te ranunga. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te wehewehe i ngā ranunga, tae atu ki te tātari, te whakahoro, te chromatography, te centrifugation, te tango, me te sublimation.
1. Tātari
Ko te tātari he tikanga wehewehe i ngā ranunga i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te rahi o te matūriki. He tikanga tēnei e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei wehewehe i ngā ranunga he totoka me he wai. Hei tauira, te wehewehe i te onepu i te wai.
Tukanga Tātari:
– Te Whakarite Taputapu: Whakaritea ngā taputapu tātari hei hanga i tētahi kōrere me te pepa tātari.
– Te Whakamahinga Taputapu: Ringihia te ranunga ki roto i tētahi kōrere kua whakakikoruatia ki te pepa tātari. Ka puta te wai mā roto i te pepa tātari, engari ka toe tonu ngā matūriki totoka.
– Ngā Hua: He wai te tātari kua wehea mai i ngā matūriki totoka.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te purenga o te wai inu mai i ngā poke.
– Te wehenga o ngā matū i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū.
2. Te Whakatōtō
Ko te whakatōtō he tikanga wehewehe i ngā ranunga i runga i ngā rerekētanga o ngā pūmahana kohua o ngā wāhanga o te ranunga. He tino whai hua tēnei tikanga mō te wehewehe i ngā ranunga e rua, neke atu rānei ngā wai e whakaranua ana tetahi ki tetahi.
Tukanga Whakatōtō:
– Te Whakamahana i te Ranunga: Whakamahanahia te ranunga kia mimiti rā anō te wāhanga kei a ia te pāmahana koropupū iti rawa.
– Te Whakatōtōtanga o te Kohu: Kātahi ka whakamataohia te korohū i hangaia i roto i te pūtōtōtanga hei huri anō hei wai.
– Kohikohi i ngā Hua: Kohikohia te wai whakahoro (whakahoro) ki roto i tētahi ipu motuhake.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te wehenga o te waipiro mai i te wai i roto i te umanga waipiro.
– Te tukatuka i te hinu mata hei wahie me ētahi atu hua.
3. Te Whakamātautau Chromatography
He tikanga wehewehe te chromatography mō ngā ranunga i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te tere o te hekenga o ngā wāhanga mā roto i tētahi reo motuhake. He tikanga tēnei e whakamahia ana i roto i te tātari matū hei wehewehe me te tautuhi i ngā wāhanga i roto i ngā ranunga matatini.
Te Tukanga Chromatography:
– Te Whakarite i te Wāhanga Nekeneke me te Wāhanga Tū: Ka haria e te wāhanga nekeneke (he wai, he hau rānei te nuinga) te ranunga mā roto i te wāhanga tū (he totoka, he wai rānei te nuinga).
– Werohanga Tauira: Ka werohangahia te ranunga hei wehea ki roto i te wāhanga neke.
– Te Wehenga o ngā Wāhanga: Ka heke ngā wāhanga o te ranunga mā roto i te wāhanga tūmau i ngā tere rerekē, ka hua ake te wehenga.
– Te Kimi me te Tāutu: Ka kitea, ka tautuhia hoki ngā wāhanga motuhake.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te wehenga o ngā tae i roto i te mangumangu.
– Te tautuhi i ngā matū i roto i ngā tauira taiao.
4. Te whakapūngao
Ko te centrifugation he tikanga wehewehe i ngā ranunga i runga i ngā rerekētanga o ngā mātotorutanga o ngā wāhanga. Ka whakamahia e tēnei tikanga te kaha centrifugation hei whakateretere i te wehenga o ngā matūriki totoka mai i ngā wai, i ngā ranunga wai rānei o ngā mātotorutanga rerekē.
Tukanga Whakapūmau:
– Te Whakarite Tauira: Whakatakotoria te ranunga ki roto i te ngongo miihini.
– Te Hurihuri Ngongo: Hurihurihia te ngongo i te tere teitei mā te whakamahi i te mīhini centrifuge.
– Te Wehenga o ngā Wāhanga: Ka makahia ngā matūriki totoka, ngā wāhanga rānei he nui ake te mātotoru ki waho o te ngongo, ka hanga he paparanga, he putunga rānei.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te wehenga o ngā pūtau toto mai i te parāoa toto i roto i te taiwhanga hauora.
– Te purenga pūmua i roto i te rangahau matū koiora.
5. Te tango
Ko te tangohanga he tikanga wehewehe e ahu mai ana i ngā rerekētanga o te wairewatanga o ngā wāhanga i roto i tētahi whakarewa. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga hei wehewehe i ngā wāhanga wairewa mai i ngā mea kore wairewa, i ngā ranunga rānei he rerekē ngā wairewatanga.
Tukanga Tango:
– Tāpiritanga Whakarewa: Tāpirihia he whakarewa ka taea te whakarewa i te wāhanga e hiahiatia ana.
– Te whakaranu: Whakaranua kia memeha rawa ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana i roto i te whakarewa.
– Te Whakamaemae: Wehea te whakarewa kei roto te wāhanga e hiahiatia ana mai i ngā wāhanga kore e rewa.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te tango i te kawheine mai i ngā pīni kawhe.
– Te wehenga o ngā hinu kakara mai i ngā tipu.
6. Whakatōtōtanga
Ko te whakapūmau he tikanga wehewehe i ngā ranunga i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te kaha o ngā wāhanga ki te huri tika mai i te āhua totoka ki te āhua hau me te kore e haere i roto i te āhua wai. He pai tēnei tikanga mō te wehewehe i ngā mea totoka ka taea te whakapūmau mai i ngā mea poke kāore e taea te whakapūmau.
Tukanga Whakatōtō:
– Te Whakamahana i te Ranunga: Whakamahanahia te ranunga kia huri rā anō ngā wāhanga ka taea te whakapūkara hei hau.
– Te Whakamatao i te Kohu: Ka whakamataohia te korohū i hangaia kia huri anō hei totoka, motuhake mai i ngā wāhanga kē atu.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te purenga o te iodine totoka.
– Te wehenga o te naphthalene mai i te ranunga o ngā matū totoka.
7. Te Whakakorenga
He tikanga māmā te whakawātea i te ranunga wai-totoka, i ngā wai e rua rānei e kore e taea te whakaranu, i runga i te rerekētanga o te mātotorutanga. He tikanga tēnei e whakamahia ana ina taumaha ake ngā matūriki totoka i te wai, ā, ka tere te taunga.
Te Tukanga Whakakore:
– Te Whakapūpūngao: Waiho kia tū te ranunga kia tau rā anō ngā matūriki totoka ki raro i te ipu.
– Te Ringihia o te Wai: Ringihia, mimitia rānei te wai mai i te tihi o te paru ki roto i tētahi atu ipu.
Ngā Tauira Taupānga:
– Te wehenga o te hinu i te wai.
– Te whakapūpūnga o te paru mai i te wai awa.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whiriwhiri i te tikanga wehewehe ranunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o ngā wāhanga o te ranunga. Ko te tātari me te whakahekenga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā ranunga he rerekē te rahi, te mātotoru rānei o te matūriki. Ko te whakahekenga me te whakapūmau ka whakamahi i ngā rerekētanga o ngā pūwāhi kohua, i te kaha rānei ki te whakapūmau. He uaua ake te chromatography me te centrifugation, ā, e whakamahia ana mō te tātari moroiti me te purenga. He tikanga tino whai hua te tangohanga hei whakamahi i ngā rerekētanga o te wairewatanga. He mea nui te mārama me te matatau ki ēnei tikanga wehewehe ranunga i roto i ngā momo tono pūtaiao me ngā tono ahumahi.
