He aha te Tauhohenga Endothermic?
He ariā nui ngā tauhohenga endothermic i roto i te matū e puta pinepine ana i roto i ngā akoranga pūtaiao, mai i te kura tuatahi ki te whare wānanga. He kupu ngāwari noa iho, ko te tauhohenga endothermic he tauhohenga matū e mimiti ana i te pūngao wera (calories) mai i te taiao. Nō reira, he mātao ake te āhua o te taiao e karapoti ana i te tauhohenga. Ahakoa he māmā noa iho te ahua, ko te tukanga kei muri i te tauhohenga endothermic e uru ana ki ngā huringa pūngao i te taumata matūriki, ā, e pā tata ana ki ngā ariā o te enthalpy, te hononga matū, me te taurite pūngao.
Te Mārama ki ngā Tauhohenga Endothermic
I ahu mai te kupu "endothermic" i ngā kupu "endo," arā, "i roto," me te "thermic," arā, te wera. Nō reira, ka taea te tautuhi i te tauhohenga endothermic hei tauhohenga e "wero" ana i te wera ki roto i te pūnaha. I roto i te horopaki o te thermodynamics, ko te pūnaha te matū e tauhohe ana, ko te taiao ia ko ngā mea katoa i waho o te pūnaha (te hau e karapoti ana, te ipu, te ringa e pā ana, me ētahi atu).
I roto i te tauhohenga werawera, ka whakawhitia te pūngao wera mai i te taiao ki te pūnaha, ka piki ake te pūngao o te pūnaha. I te ngaronga o te wera o te taiao, ka heke te pāmahana. Ko tētahi tauira noa ko te putea makariri inamata e whakamahia ana hei āwhina tuatahi mēnā ka whara. Ina whakahohehia te putea, ka puta he tauhohenga werawera, ka mimiti i te wera mai i te taiao, ka mātao.
Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Tauhohenga Endothermic
He maha ngā āhuatanga hei āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā tauhohenga endothermic:
1. Mimihia te wera mai i te taiao
Me whakauru he pūngao kia puta ai ngā tauhohenga.
2. Ka heke te pāmahana o te taiao
Mena ka whakahaerehia te tauhohenga i roto i tētahi ipu tuwhera, ka taea rānei te rongo, ka mātao ake te āhua o te rohe e karapoti ana i te tauhohenga.
3. He pai te huringa enthalpy (ΔH > 0)
I roto i ngā whārite matū wera, he uara enthalpy pai tō ngā tauhohenga endothermic nā te mea ka whiwhi pūngao te pūnaha.
4. He nui ake te pūngao o ngā hua i ngā matū tauhohe.
Ka rongoa te pūngao kua mimitia ki roto i te hua hei pūngao matū.
Ngā Tauhohenga Endothermic me te Enthalpy (ΔH)
I roto i te matū, ka kōrerohia ngā huringa wera i te pēhanga pumau mā te enthalpy (H). Ka tuhia te huringa enthalpy o tētahi tauhohenga penei:
ΔH = H_hua − H_tauhohenga
I roto i te tauhohenga werawera, nā te mea he nui ake te pūngao e rongoatia ana e ngā hua i ngā matū tauhohe, kāti:
Hua_H > Tauhohenga_H → ΔH pai
Ko te tikanga o tēnei, me whakauru mai he pūngao mai i waho hei hanga hua mō te tauhohenga. Heoi, he mea nui kia mārama ko ngā tauhohenga werawera ehara i te mea "kāore e taea". Ka taea tonu te puta o ētahi tauhohenga werawera mena he nui te pūtake pūngao, pērā i te wera, te mārama, te hiko rānei.
He aha i mimiti ai te wera e ngā tauhohenga endothermic?
Hei mārama ki te take, me titiro tātou ki te tukanga o te hanga me te wawahi i ngā hononga matū. I te nuinga o te wā:
– Me whakamahi te pūngao (endothermic) hei wawahi i ngā hononga.
– Mā te hanga hononga ka tukuna te pūngao (exothermic).
I roto i tētahi tauhohenga, ka pakaru tonu ngā hononga, ā, ka puta he hononga hou. He tauhohenga werawera te tauhohenga mēnā he nui ake te pūngao e hiahiatia ana hei wawahi i ngā hononga i roto i ngā matū tauhohenga i te pūngao i tukuna i te wā e hangaia ana ngā hononga i roto i ngā hua. Ka mimitihia tēnei rerekētanga o te pūngao mai i te taiao hei wera.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Tauhohenga Endothermic i te Oranga o Ia Rā
Kāore ngā tauhohenga endothermic e puta noa i te taiwhanga, engari e kitea ana hoki i ngā wāhi katoa. Anei ētahi tauira noa:
1. Te whakaahua-ā-tinana
Ko te whakaahua-ā-tinana he tauira matarohia o te tauhohenga wera-kore nā te mea e hiahiatia ana te kaha o te rā kia puta ai. He māmā noa iho:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + pūngao (mārama) → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Ka mimitihia e ngā tipu te pūngao mārama, ka hurihia hei pūngao matū e rongoatia ana i roto i te hukahuka.
2. Te whakarewanga o te Ammonium Nitrate i roto i te Wai
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te haukiniuma pākawa (NH₄NO₃) hei hanga i ngā kōpeke makariri inamata. Ina rewa, ka mimiti i te wera mai i te taiao, ka whakaheke i te pāmahana.
3. Te pirau o te Konupūmā Kāponāte (CaCO₃)
Ina whakamahanatia te kōhatu ā-papa i roto i te umanga sima, i te hanga kōhatu tere rānei, ka puta te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:
CaCO₃ (s) + wera → CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)
Nā te mea e hiahiatia ana te whakamahana tonu, he endothermic tēnei tauhohenga.
4. Te Rewa o te Hukapapa me te Whakamātao o te Wai
Ehara i te mea he tauhohenga matū ngā tukanga wera katoa; ka taea hoki e ngā huringa ā-tinana te wera. Ka mimiti te hukapapa rewa i te wera mai i te taiao, me te wai e mimiti ana. Koinei te take ka whakamatao te mimiti o te werawera i te tinana: ka mimitihia te wera mai i te kiri hei huri i te wai hei kohu.
Ngā Rerekētanga i waenga i ngā Tauhohenga Endothermic me Exothermic
Hei whakamārama ake, anei tētahi whakataurite poto:
– Endothermic: ka mimiti i te wera, he pai te ΔH, ka mātao te taiao, ka teitei ake te pūngao o te hua.
– Ā-waho-pāmahana: ka tukuna te wera, ka kino te ΔH, ka mahana te taiao, ka iti iho te pūngao hua.
Ko ngā tauira o ngā exothermics e māmā ana te kitea ko te tahunga o te rakau, o te wahie rānei, o ētahi tauhohenga whakakore waikawa-pūtake, me te manawa pūtau (te wawahi i te hukahuka hei whakaputa pūngao).
Kauwhata Pūngao Tauhohenga Endothermic
I roto i ngā hoahoa pūngao, ka whakaatuhia e ngā tauhohenga endothermic:
– He iti iho te taumata pūngao o ngā matū tauhohe.
– He nui ake te taumata pūngao o te hua.
– He "puke" pūngao whakahohe me whiti kia haere tonu ai te tauhohenga.
E hiahiatia ana te pūngao whakahohe mō ngā tauhohenga werawera me ngā tauhohenga werawera. Ko te rerekētanga ko te hiahia o ngā tauhohenga werawera ki te whakauru pūngao ehara i te mea hei wikitoria i te pūngao whakahohe anake engari hei whakatutuki hoki i tētahi hua pūngao teitei ake i ngā matū tauhohe.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki ngā Tauhohenga Endothermic
He maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te ngāwari o te puta o tētahi tauhohenga endothermic:
1. Pūtake pūngao: he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te wera, te mārama, te hiko rānei kia haere tonu ai te tauhohenga.
2. Pāmahana: mā te whakanui ake i te pāmahana ka tere ake te tere o te tauhohenga nā te mea he nui ake te pūngao nekeneke o ngā matūriki.
3. Kaiwhakaoho: ka taea e te kaiwhakaoho te tere ake i te tauhohenga mā te whakaiti i te pūngao whakahohe, ahakoa kāore e whakarerekē i te uara ΔH.
4. Te kukū me te pēhanga: i roto i ētahi tauhohenga, ka pāngia te ahunga me te tere o te tauhohenga e ngā panonitanga o ngā āhuatanga.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tauhohenga werawera he tauhohenga e mimiti ana i te pūngao wera mai i te taiao, nō reira ka mātao haere te taiao. I roto i te anga o te thermodynamics, he pai te ΔH o tēnei tauhohenga, arā, he nui ake te pūngao e rongoatia ana e ngā hua i ngā matū tauhohenga. Ka kitea ngā tauira o ngā tauhohenga werawera i roto i te photosynthesis, te whakarewanga o te ammonium nitrate, te pirau o te konupūmā kāponāte, me ngā tukanga ā-tinana pēnei i te rewa o te huka me te mimiti o te wai.
Mā te mārama ki ngā tauhohenga werawera ka kitea te āhua o te whakawhiti me te hurihanga o te pūngao i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao me ngā āhuatanga hangarau. Mai i te āhua o te penapena a ngā tipu i te pūngao o te rā ki te āhua o te whakamatao a ngā kōpeketanga inamata i te tinana, ka whakaratohia e te ariā o te werawera he whakamārama pūtaiao kaha mō ngā kaupapa e tūtaki ana tātou i ia rā.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te hanga i tētahi putanga o tēnei tuhinga i roto i tētahi momo tuhinga rongonui ake mō ngā tuhinga kura, i tētahi putanga pūtaiao ake rānei me ngā tātai me ngā pātai whakaharatau.
