Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Whakahaere Mōrearea i te Rāngai Moana
E mōhiotia ana a Initonīhia he whenua moana, he takutai moana roa, he ara kaipuke pukumahi, ā, he nui hoki ngā pūmanawa mō ngā rauemi moana. Ahakoa ēnei whai wāhitanga, he maha ngā tūponotanga kei roto i ngā mahi moana: mai i te huarere kino, ngā aituā kaipuke, te parahanga, tae atu ki ngā tūponotanga haumaru mahi i ngā tauranga me te takutai moana. Nō reira, ko te whakahaere tūponotanga moana he tūāpapa nui mō ngā mahi moana haumaru, whai hua, e tutuki ana i ngā ture, me te pumau.
1. Te Mārama ki te Whakahaere Mōrearea i roto i te Rāngai Moana
Ko te whakahaere mōrearea moana he tukanga pūnaha hei tautuhi, hei tātari, hei aromatawai, hei whakahaere hoki i ngā mōrearea e puta mai ana i ngā mahi moana. Ka uru atu pea ki ēnei mahi ngā kaipuke arumoni, ngā hī ika, ngā mahi tauranga, te tūhuratanga me te whakaputa hinu me te hau ki tai, te tūruhi moana, me te rangahau me te tiaki moana.
Ko te uho o te whakahaere mōrearea ehara i te whakakore i ngā mōrearea katoa (he mea tata kore e taea), engari ko te whakaiti i te tūponotanga me te pānga o ngā huihuinga kāore i te hiahiatia ki tētahi taumata e tika ana, me te pupuri tonu i ngā whāinga whakahaere.
2. He aha i nui ai ngā mōrearea i te moana?
He hihiri, he kore e taea te matapae te taiao moana. Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana ki te nui o ngā mōrearea moana ko:
1. Te rerekētanga o te rangi me te ngaru: ka tere te puta mai o ngā tupuhi, ngā ia kaha, te kohu me ngā ngaru teitei, ā, ka pā ki te pumau o te kaipuke me te haumaru o te hunga mahi.
2. Te Uaua o ngā Mahi: he maha ngā tikanga me ngā taputapu e pā ana ki te tuku kaipuke, te uta me te tango uta, ngā nekehanga tauranga, ngā mahi tō, te ruku, me te mahi i runga i ngā papaaho o waho.
3. Ngā herenga o te tawhiti me te urupare: ina puta he aituā i waenganui o te moana, ka roa ake te wā e tukuna ana te āwhina hauora me te whakawātea i tērā i runga i te whenua.
4. Ngā pānga whānui ki te taiao: ka horapa haere ngā turuturu hinu, matū rānei ki ngā wāhi katoa, ka kino ai ngā pūnaha rauropi, ka pāngia ai hoki ngā pūnaha ōhanga me te pāpori.
5. Te whai wāhi mai o ngā rōpū maha: ngā kaiwhakahaere kaipuke, ngā kaipupuri taonga, ngā kaihoko, ngā mana whakahaere tauranga, ngā whakarōpūtanga kaipuke, me ngā kamupene inihua; he maha ngā wā ka noho te mahi tahi ngoikore hei pūtake mōrearea tāpiri.
3. Ngā Momo Tūponotanga Matua i roto i te Rāngai Moana
Ko te whakahaere mōrearea pai ka tīmata mā te mahere i ngā momo mōrearea. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā mōrearea moana ki:
a. Mōrearea Haumaru
Hei tauira: te tukinga kaipuke, te paenga, te ahi, te hinganga ki waho, ngā aituā mahi i te wā e uta ana, e tango ana rānei i ngā uta, te pakaru rānei o ngā taputapu taumaha.
b. Mōrearea Whakahaere
Kei roto ko ngā whakaroa o te rere, ngā rahunga o te mīhini, ngā rahunga o te whakatere, te korenga o ngā kaimahi matatau, ngā hapa rānei i roto i ngā tikanga mahi.
c. Te Mōrearea Taiao
Tae atu ki ngā turuturu hinu, te whakakorenga para turekore, ngā kino Ngā ākau korara nā ngā punga, nā te whakararuraru rānei i ngā mea ora o te moana.
d. Mōrearea Haumarutanga
Pērā i te tahae waka, te tahae utanga, te mahi kino, te hokohoko puku, me ngā tūmomo mōrearea ipurangi ki ngā pūnaha whakatere me ngā pūnaha kawe waka.
e. Ngā Mōrearea Pūtea me te Whakatutukitanga
E utu ana i ngā utu o ngā kereme inihua, ngā whiu parahanga, te kore tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru, me ngā tuhinga me ngā tiwhikete kāore e tutuki ana.
4. Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Whakahaere Mōrearea
Ahakoa he rerekē te huarahi i waenga i ngā whakahaere, he rite tonu ngā mātāpono matua:
1. Matatau, kaua e tauhohe: ka mahia te tautuhi mōrearea i mua i te puta o tētahi aituā.
2. Ngā raraunga me ngā wheako e hangai ana ki: te whakamahi i ngā pūrongo tata pā, ngā raraunga huarere, ngā tuhinga tiaki, ngā arotake, me ngā tirotirohanga aituā.
3. Whakaritea ngā mōrearea nui rawa atu: arotahi ki ngā mōrearea me te huinga teitei rawa o te tūponotanga me te pānga.
4. Whakapai tonu: ka whakahoutia ngā tikanga i te mea ka huri te hangarau, ngā huarahi me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere.
5. Te whai wāhi mai o ngā taumata katoa: mai i ngā kaiwhakahaere matua ki te kapa mahi i te mara.
5. Ngā Wāhanga Tukanga Whakahaere Mōrearea
1) Te Tāutu i te Mōrearea
Ka tirohia e tēnei wāhanga ngā tūponotanga mōrearea me ngā āhuatanga o te huihuinga. Ko ngā tikanga ka uru atu ki:
– te tirotiro i ngā kaipuke me ngā whakaurunga
– te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro me te kapa
– te tātaritanga o ngā aituā o mua
– Tātari Haumaru Mahi (JSA) HIRADC rānei (Tautuhinga Tūpono, Aromatawai Tūpono, Whakatau Mana Whakahaere)
Hei tauira: ina tae mai te kaipuke ki te tauranga, ko ngā mōrearea kua tautuhia ko ngā ia kaha, te pūngao o ngā waka, te whakakorenga o ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te pakaru rānei o te mīhini urungi.
2) Tātaritanga Tūponotanga
Tātarihia:
– te tūponotanga o tētahi huihuinga (auau/tūponotanga)
– pānga mēnā ka puta he aituā (whara, pakaru rawa, whakararuraru mahi, parahanga)
I te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia he matihiko mōrearea me te tauine iti-waenganui-tiketike, he tikanga tauanga rānei mō ngā mahi nunui.
3) Aromatawai Tūponotanga me te Whakaritenga Matua
Ka whakaritea ngā hua o te tātari ki ngā paearu ātete mōrearea a te whakahaere. Me aro tonu ki ngā mōrearea teitei, engari me aro turuki i ngā mōrearea iti.
4) Te Whakahaere/Te Whakaiti i te Mōrearea
Ka taea e te mana whakahaere te whai i te kaupapa whakarōpū e whai ake nei:
1. Whakakorenga: te whakakore i ngā mahi morearea (hei tauira, te whakaroa i te rere i ngā wā o ngā awha nui).
2. Whakakapinga: te whakakapi i te tikanga/taputapu ki tētahi atu e haumaru ake ana.
3. Mana whakahaere hangarau: hei tauira, te tāuta i ngā whakaoho hau, ngā pūnaha tinei ahi, ngā rohe rohe morearea.
4. Whakahaere: Kaupapahere Tūmataiti, whakangungu, wātaka mahi, whakaaetanga mahi, hui taputapu.
5. Ngā taputapu tiaki tinana: ngā koti ora, ngā potae, ngā hu haumaru, ngā karapu; koinei te paparanga whakamutunga, ehara i te otinga matua.
5) Te Aroturuki me te Arotake
Me aroturukitia ngā mōrearea nā te mea ka tere te huri o ngā āhuatanga me ngā mahi o te moana. Mā ngā arotake ā-roto, ngā tirotiro, me ngā pūrongo tata hē ka āwhina i te pupuri i te whai huatanga o ngā mana whakahaere.
6. Ngā Utauta me ngā Tikanga e Whakamahia Auau ana
Ko ētahi o ngā taputapu noa mō te whakahaere mōrearea moana ko:
– Te Mahere Mōrearea mō te whakatauranga mōrearea
– Kōrero JSA/Toolbox mō ngā mahi motuhake i runga i ngā kaipuke/tauranga
– HAZID/HAZOP, inā koa mō ngā whakaurunga hinu me te hau o tai
– FMEA (Rahunga Aratau me ngā Pānga Tātari) hei aromatawai i te rahunga pea o ngā wāhanga mīhini/pūnaha
– Tātaritanga Here-Pū hei mahere i ngā take, te ārai, ngā hua, me te whakaiti i te pānga
– Te Rangahau Aituā (hei tauira, te tikanga 5 He aha, te tikanga Fishbone rānei) hei kimi i te pūtake o te raruraru
7. Te Tūranga o te Ahurea Haumaru
He maha ngā aituā moana ehara i te mea nā te taiao anake i puta ai, engari he huinga o ngā whakataunga a te tangata, te kore whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te ngenge, me te ngoikore o te whakahaere tikanga. Ko te tikanga o te ahurea haumaru:
– i maia te kapa ki te ripoata i ngā aituā tata kore, me te kore e wehi i te whiu
– ka whai whakaaro ngā whakataunga whakahaere ki ngā herenga haumaru
– ka whakahaerehia te whakangungu i ia wā, ā, he mea e tika ana
– he tauira te kaiārahi (hei tauira, te whakahaere i ngā mahi tiaki tinana me ngā rārangi arowhai)
1. Mēnā he ahurea haumaru pai, ehara i te mea kei roto noa i ngā tuhinga ngā whakahaere mōrearea, engari kua whakatinanahia.
8. Te Whakaurunga ki ngā Ture me ngā Paerewa
I te ao moana, he hononga tata te whakahaere mōrearea ki te whakatutukitanga i ngā ture ā-motu me ngā paerewa o te ao. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā anga e whakahuatia pinepinetia ana ko:
– Waehere ISM (Whakahaere Haumaru ā-Ao) mō ngā pūnaha whakahaere haumaru kaipuke
– SOLAS e pā ana ki te haumaru o te ora i te moana
– MARPOL mō te aukati i te parahanga e ngā kaipuke
– Te Ture ISPS e pā ana ki te haumarutanga o ngā kaipuke me ngā tauranga
– Pūnaha whakarōpūtanga me te tirotiro o te rōpū whakarōpūtanga kaipuke
Ko ngā whakahaere e tutuki ana i ngā ture, he mārama ā rātou tuhinga mō ngā tikanga, ngā whakangungu, ngā arotake, me ngā aromatawai mōrearea.
9. Tauira Taupānga Māmā
Hei tauira, e hiahia ana tētahi kamupene kaipuke ki te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te takanga o te tangata ki te moana i te wā e taunga ana te kaipuke:
– te tautuhi: ngā wāhi pahekeheke, ngā ngaru, ngā taura here e piri ana, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kāore i te mārama
– tātaritanga: tūponotanga taurite, pānga tino nui (mate)
– te mana whakahaere: te herenga SOP, te tohu rohe whakamuri, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero reo irirangi paerewa, te whakamahinga o ngā koti ora, te tirotiro a ngā āpiha, me ngā whakangungu ohorere mō te tangata kei tua i te moana
– te aroturuki: te aromatawai i muri i te taunga, ngā pūrongo tata ngaro, ngā tirotiro i te āhua o te papa
He māmā noa iho tēnei huarahi, engari ki te whakamahia tonutia, ka taea te whakaiti nui i ngā aituā.
10. Whakamutunga
Ko ngā kaupapa matua o te whakahaere mōrearea moana e takoto ana i runga i tētahi tukanga pakari: te tautuhi mōrearea, te tātari me te aromatawai mōrearea, te whakatinanatanga o ngā mana whakahaere tika, me te aroturuki tonu. Ahakoa ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau whakatere me ngā taputapu haumaru, ko ngā āhuatanga tangata, te ahurea mahi, me te tutuki i ngā tikanga he mea nui tonu. Mā te whakahaere mōrearea pai, ka taea e te rāngai moana te tupu me te kore e whakararu i te haumaru, te taiao, te pumau ōhanga rānei.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga ki tētahi horopaki motuhake (hei tauira, ngā tauranga, ngā kaipuke hokohoko, ngā hī ika, te hinu me te hau moana rānei), me ngā tauira o ngā matihiko mōrearea me ngā whakatakotoranga HIRADC/JSA.
