Te Tūranga o ngā Ngāherehere ki te Pupuri i te Pūmautanga o ngā Pūnaha Rauropi Wai
He maha ngā wā ka māramahia ngā ngahere hei pā kaha mō te kanorau koiora i runga i te whenua: he nohoanga mō ngā kararehe mohoao, ngā kaihanga hāora, me ngā puna waro. Heoi, ko te tūranga o ngā ngahere kei tua atu i te rārangi rākau anake. I raro i te tuanui matotoru me ngā paparanga oneone matotoru, ka mahi ngā ngahere hei "ārai" e whakatau nui ana i te pumau o ngā pūnaha rauropi wai—mai i ngā awa iti ki runga, mā roto i ngā roto, me ngā repo, ki ngā takutai moana me ngā rohe moana. He hohonu tēnei whanaungatanga whenua-wai: ina ora ngā ngahere, ka mārama ake te wai, ka pumau ake te rere, ā, ka taurite ake ngā nohoanga wai. I tetahi atu taha, ina ngaro te uhi o te ngahere, ka tere te huri o te kounga me te hihiri o te wai, ka puta te paru, te waipuke, te tauraki, tae noa ki te kino o te toka korara ki raro.
Ngā ngahere hei kaiwhakahaere o te huringa wai
Ko te mahi matua a ngā ngahere i roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi wai ko te whakahaere i te huringa wai. Ka hopukina e ngā tuanui rākau ētahi wai ua (aukati), ka maturuturu mārire ki te whenua, ka mimiti rānei ki te āhuarangi. Ka whakapai ake ngā pakiaka me ngā rau i te hanganga o te oneone, ka ngāwari ake te uru o te wai, ka rongoa hei wai whenua , ā, ka tukuna mārire hei rerenga taketake, ka pupuri i te rere o te awa i te wā maroke.
Mā tēnei tikanga ka pai ake te rere o te awa. I ngā wāhi ngahere, he iti ake te pikinga o ngā waipuke i muri i te ua nui i ngā wāhi kua kore te ngahere nā te mea kāore te wai e huri tonu hei rerenga wai. I tua atu, i te wā maroke, ko ngā rahui wai whenua kua whakakīia anō i te wā ua ka āwhina i te pupuri i te rere o te awa. He mea nui tēnei rere pumau mō ngā mea ora wai pērā i te ika, ngā pepeke wai, me ngā tipu wai, e pāngia ana e ngā huringa nui.
Ārai i te horo me te whakaiti i te oneone
He tiaki oneone anō hoki ngā ngahere. Ka herea e ngā pakiaka rākau ngā matūriki oneone, ko te paparanga paru ka mimiti i te kaha o ngā pata ua e taka ana ka taea te wawahi i ngā matūriki oneone. Ina heke te uhi o te ngahere, ka ngawari ake te horo o te oneone kua kitea , inā koa i ngā pari. Ka haria te oneone kua horo ki roto i ngā awa hei paru.
Ko te nui rawa o te oneone te tino take o te hekenga o te kounga o te rauropi wai . Ka pōuri te wai, ka uaua te uru o te rā, ka whakararuraru i te tukanga whakaahua o ngā tipu wai me ngā phytoplankton. Ka ārai pea ngā matūriki oneone i ngā papa toka, onepu rānei e mahi ana hei wāhi whakaputa uri mō ngā ika me ngā invertebrate. I raro iho, ka tau te oneone ki ngā puna wai me ngā roto, ka whakaiti i te kaha pupuri, ka tere ake te paru, ka piki ake hoki ngā utu whakahaere.
Kāore te pānga o te whakatōpara i mutu i roto i ngā awa. Ka taea e te paru e haria ana ki ngā awaawa te tanu i ngā moenga tarutaru moana, me te huna i ngā toka korara. Ka uaua ki te manawa ngā toka korara kua kapi i te paru, ā, ka ngoikore ki te mate, ahakoa he kāinga ēnei pūnaha rauropi mō te nui o ngā mea ora o te moana, ā, he tiaki taiao hoki mō te takutai moana.
Te tātari i ngā poke me te pupuri i te kounga o te wai
Ka taea te kī ko ngā ngahere he "tipu maimoatanga wai" tūturu. He mahi tā te oneone ngahere, ngā pakiaka, me ngā moroiti ki te tātari me te wawahi i ngā poke. Ina uru te wai ua mā roto i te paparanga oneone ngahere, ka puritia ētahi matūkai taikaha, pērā i te hauota me te whākawa, ka mimitihia e ngā tipu. Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina ngā moroiti oneone ki te pirau o ngā mea rauropi, ka whakaiti i te kawenga poke e uru ana ki ngā wai.
He mea nui tēnei mahi tātari hei ārai i te eutrophication, he puāwaitanga rimurimu i puta mai i te nui rawa o ngā matūkai. Ka taea e te eutrophication te whakaputa puāwaitanga rimurimu, te whakaiti i ngā taumata hāora rewa, me te whakamate i ngā ika nui. I roto i te maha o ngā wāhi ahuwhenua, ko te noho o ngā ngahere, inā koa i te taha o ngā awa, ka taea te whakaiti i te rere o ngā maniua me ngā patupatu ki roto i ngā awa.
Ngā ngahere taha awa: te tiaki tika i ngā pūnaha rauropi awa
He tino pānga nui tō ngā ngahere awaawa—ngā otaota ngahere i te taha o ngā awa—ki te hauora o te wai. Tuatahi, ka whakaitihia te pāmahana o te wai e te marumaru o ngā rākau. He maha ngā mea ora i roto i te wai, inā koa ko ētahi ika me ngā pepeke wai, e hiahia ana ki ngā pāmahana matao me te pumau. Ina whakawāteahia ngā taha o te awa, ka māmā ake te wera o te wai, ka heke te taumata o te hāora, ā, ka ngaro pea ngā momo tairongo.
Tuarua, ka whakau ngā pakiaka me ngā otaota o te tahataha i ngā tahataha awa, ka whakaiti i te horo whenua me te horo o te tahataha. Tuatoru, ka whakaratohia e ngā ngahere tahataha ngā mea rauropi pērā i ngā rau, ngā manga, me ngā para rakau nunui, e mahi ana hei puna pūngao mō te whatunga kai o te awa. Ka kainga e ngā kaipahua te para rau, kātahi ka kainga e ngā kaipahua ririki, ā, i te mutunga ka tautoko i ngā taupori ika. Ka hangaia hoki e te rakau kua hinga ngā nohoanga moroiti: ngā puna kaukau, ngā puna kaukau, me ngā piringa mō ngā ika.
Te pupuri i te kanorau koiora wai
Ehara i te mea ko ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana pēnei i te rerenga wai me te paru anake te mea e pāngia ai te pumau o ngā pūnaha rauropi wai, engari ko te taurite koiora anō hoki. He maha ngā ara e tautokona ai e ngā ngahere te kanorau koiora wai. He maha ngā wāhi ngahere e whakarato ana i ngā nohoanga uaua ake, i runga i te whenua me te wai, e āhei ai ngā momo maha ki te noho tahi.
Hei tāpiri atu, he maha ngā momo he huringa ora e hono ana i ngā ngahere me te wai. Hei tauira, me wai ngā pepeke hei whānau hua, engari ka noho ki te papa o te ngahere i te pakeketanga. Ka whanake ētahi pepeke hei torongū i roto i te wai, kātahi ka pakeke ki runga whenua, ka noho hei kai mā ngā manu me ngā pekapeka. Ina whakangaromia ngā ngahere, ka whakararuraruhia te hononga o te nohoanga, ka whakararuraru i ngā huringa ora o ēnei rauropi, ka whakaiti i te pumau o te hapori.
Te tūranga o ngā ngahere i ngā takutai moana me ngā moana
Kāore te whanaungatanga i waenganui i ngā ngahere me te wai e mutu i ngā awa. I ngā rohe takutai, ko ngā ngahere mangrove te tauira tino kitea o te pupuri a ngā pūnaha rauropi ngahere i te pumau o te wai. Ka pupuri ngā mangrove i ngā paru, ka whakau i ngā takutai moana, ā, ka tātari i ngā poke i mua i te taenga ki te moana. Ko ngā pakiaka mangrove matotoru e whakarato ana i ngā wāhi whakatipu ika, kōura, me ngā pāpaka, ā, ka pupuri i te hua o ngā mahi hī ika.
Ka pāngia hoki te hauora o te takutai moana e ngā ngahere o runga. Ina pakaru ngā ngahere o runga, ka taea e te paru me ngā matūkai te whakapouri, te whakaheke i te kounga o te wai moana pāpaku, me te whakararu i ngā pūnaha rauropi pērā i te tarutaru moana me ngā toka korara. E whakaatu ana tēnei kāore e taea te wehe i te tiaki i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana mai i te whakahaere ngahere whenua.
Te pānga o te whakangaromanga ngahere ki te pumau o ngā pūnaha rauropi wai
He maha ngā pānga o te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere me te whakakino o te ngahere. Mā te ngaronga o te taupoki rākau ka nui ake te rere o te wai i runga i te mata o te whenua, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te waipuke, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakahokinga mai o te wai whenua e hiahiatia ana i te wā maroke. Ka nui ake te horo, ka heke te kounga o te nohoanga i te waipara, ā, ka ngāwari ake te uru o ngā poke ki ngā awa kāore i tātarihia.
I roto i ngā rohe maha, he pānga tika ēnei huringa ki te tangata: ka pōuri haere te wai mata, ka nui ake te utu mō te rongoā, ka tere te pāpaku o ngā puna wai, ka purua te whakamakuku i te paru, ā, ka heke te hi ika o te awa me te takutai moana. Ka piki ake hoki ngā tautohetohe mō te whakamahinga wai ina kore e pumau te rere o te awa.
Rautaki hei pupuri i te tūranga o ngā ngahere mō ngā wai
Hei pupuri i te pumau o ngā pūnaha rauropi wai, me whai huarahi whenua e hono ana i te awa ki te awa. Ko ētahi rautaki matua ko:
1. Te tiaki ngahere i ngā wāhi hopu wai (DAS), inā koa i ngā pari whakarunga me ngā pari pari e ngāwari ana ki te horo.
2. Whakaorahia ngā ngahere taha awa mā te whakatū i ngā rohe awa me te whakatō anō i ngā otaota taketake hei ārai i te horo, te whakamarumaru o ngā awa, me te tātari i te rerenga wai.
3. Te whakahaere ngahere tauwhiro kia kore ai ngā mahi tapahi rakau e kino ki te hanganga oneone me ngā whatunga rere wai, hei tauira mā te whakamahere huarahi tapahi rakau pai me te whakawhāiti i te whakawātea whenua.
4. Te tiaki me te whakaora i ngā mangrove o te takutai hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai, hei tiaki i ngā takutai moana, hei tautoko hoki i ngā mahi hī ika.
5. Te mahi tahi a ngā rāngai maha—te ngahere, te ahuwhenua, ngā tāone noho, me te ahumahi—kia mahi tahi ai te whakaiti i te parahanga me te whakahaere paru, kaua e mahi ā-wāhanga.
Te Katinga
He kaiwhakahaere taiao ngā ngahere hei pupuri i te pumau o ngā wai: ka ārai i ngā waipuke, ka penapena wai mō ngā wā maroke, ka tātari i ngā poke, ka whakaiti i te paru, ā, ka whakarato i te kāinga mō ngā mea ora i roto i te wai. He nui te awe o te āhua o ngā ngahere e karapoti ana me ngā rohe o runga i te hauora o ngā awa, o ngā roto, o ngā repo, o ngā mangarō, tae atu ki ngā toka korara. Nō reira, ko ngā mahi ki te pupuri i te kounga o te wai me te kanorau koiora wai e kore e taea te wehe atu i te tiaki me te whakahaere ngahere tauwhiro. Ina tiakina ngā ngahere, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā wai kia noho mārama, kia whai hua, kia taurite hoki mō ngā mea ora katoa—tae atu ki te tangata e whakawhirinaki ana ki a rātou i ia rā.
