Ngā Painga o ngā Ngāherehere mō te Whakahaere i te Kounga o te Wai Whenua
Ehara i te mea he kohinga rākau noa iho ngā ngahere e hanga ana i tētahi whenua matomato, engari he pūnaha taiao anō hoki e mahi ana pērā i te "mīhini" whakahaere wai. Kei raro i ngā otaota matomato tētahi tukanga rauropi he mea nui ki te oranga tangata, ko tētahi o ēnei ko te whakahaere i te kounga o te wai whenua. He puna wai ma te wai whenua mō ngā wāhi maha—mō ngā whare, mō ngā ahuwhenua, me ngā ahumahi. Heoi, kāore te kounga o te wai whenua e puta noa mai. He kaha te awe o ngā āhuatanga o te mata o te whenua, inā koa te noho o ngā ngahere. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga te whai wāhi a ngā ngahere ki te pupuri me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai whenua, me te take he mea nui te tiaki i te ngahere ki te haumarutanga wai mō te wā roa.
1. Ngā ngahere hei tātari taiao (ngā tātari taiao)
Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o ngā ngahere mō te kounga o te wai whenua ko tōna kaha ki te mahi hei tātari taiao. Ina ua te ua, kāore te wai e rere tonu i te mata o te whenua. Mā ngā tuanui rākau, ngā rakau iti, ngā rau otaota, me ngā paparanga humus ka whakaroa i te hekenga o te wai, ā, ka āwhina ki te pupuri i te wai kia puhoi ai te mimiti. Mā tēnei tukanga ka māmā ake te pupuri i ngā matūriki oneone, te puehu, me ngā momo poke i mua i te taenga atu ki ngā paparanga hohonu o te oneone.
He rite te mahi a ngā paparanga paru me te humus ki te hautai me te tātari: ka pupuri i te paru, ka herea hoki ētahi matū. Ka āwhina hoki ngā moroiti oneone i roto i ngā wāhi ngahere ki te wawahi i ngā matū waro me te whakaiti i te kukū o ētahi poke. Nō reira, he iti ake te paru o te wai e uru ana ki roto i te oneone, ā, he iti ake te matū e iri ana i te wai mai i ngā wāhi tuwhera, i te whenua kua whakararuraruhia rānei.
2. Whakaitihia te horo me te paru e kino ai te kounga o te wai
Ko te horonga tētahi o ngā tino take o te hekenga o te kounga o te wai—arā, te mata whenua me te wai whenua. Ina horo te oneone o runga, ka haria atu e ia ngā matūriki me ngā huānga matū. I ngā wāhi ngahere, ka herea te oneone e ngā pakiaka rākau, ka pumau ake. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaitihia e te taupoki otaota i runga i te papa ngahere te kaha o te pānga o ngā pata ua, e tere ake ai te horonga o te oneone.
Mena ka nui te horo o te wai, ka taea e te paru te tomo ki roto i ngā wai, ka ārai i ngā pūwero oneone, i ngā awaawa urutomo rānei. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te urutomo engari ka taea hoki te kawe i ngā patu pepeke, ngā maniua matū, me ētahi atu poke e piri ana ki ngā matūriki o te paru. Mā te pehi i te horo, ka tiakina ā-koretia e ngā ngahere te wai whenua mai i te rerenga mai o ngā poke maha e "haereere ana" ki runga i te oneone kua horoia.
3. Whakanuia te urunga me te whakakī anō i te wai whenua
He hononga tata te kounga o te wai whenua ki te tukanga whakahou. I ngā wāhi ngahere, he nui ake te wai ua e uru ana i ngā wāhi e rere ana hei rerenga wai. He ngawari te oneone ngahere nā te mahi a ngā pakiaka, ngā kararehe oneone pērā i ngā noke, me te kohikohinga o ngā mea rauropi. Ka whakanui ake tēnei i te maha o ngā pūwero i roto i te oneone, ā, ka hangaia he awa iti, ka taea ai e te wai te mimiti mā roto i ngā paparanga oneone.
Mā te pai o te urunga ka roa ake te "tātari" i te wai i runga i te taha tinana, te taha matū, me te taha koiora. Ka roa ake te ara o te wai i roto i ngā paparanga oneone, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka puritia, ka pirau rānei ngā momo poke. Nō reira, ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa ngā ngahere ki te whakanui ake i te nui o te wai whenua engari ka pupuri tonu i tōna kounga mā roto i ngā tukanga tātari pai ake.
4. Te pehi i te urunga mai o ngā poke mai i ngā mahi a te tangata
I roto i te maha o ngā rohe, kei te heke te kounga o te wai whenua nā te kaha o ngā mahi ahuwhenua, ngā wai para o te whare, me ngā wai para o ngā ahumahi. Ka taea e ngā ngahere te mahi hei rohe ārai, e whakawhāiti ana i te nekehanga o ngā poke ki ngā wāhi hopu wai. Hei tauira, ko ngā ngahere riparian—ngā ngahere e tupu ana i te taha o ngā awa me ngā puna wai—ka hopu i ngā wai rere e mau ana i ngā maniua hauota me te whākawa mai i ngā mara ahuwhenua. Ka taea e ngā tipu me ngā moroiti te mimiti i ētahi o ēnei matūkai i mua i te taenga atu ki ngā pūtake wai.
He maha ngā momo moroiti oneone e whai wāhi ana ki te tukanga whakakorenga i te waikawa nitric, e huri ana i te nitrate hei hau hauota kāore e whakapoke i te wai. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea ka pā kino te nui o te nitrate i roto i te wai whenua ki te hauora, inā koa mō ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki. Mā te noho hei pareparenga ngahere, ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te poke mai i te nui o ngā matūkai me ngā matū ahuwhenua.
5. Te pupuri i te pāmahana me ngā āhuatanga matū o te wai kia pumau
Mā ngā ngahere ka waihanga he āhuarangi pumau ake. He iti ake te pāmahana o te oneone i ngā wāhi ngahere, ā, he iti ake te rerekētanga i ērā i ngā wāhi tuwhera. Ka pā tēnei āhuatanga ki ngā tauhohenga matū me ngā mahi koiora i roto i te oneone. Ka taea te puta o ngā tukanga pirau o ngā mea rauropi, te hanganga humus, me ngā taunekeneke kohuke i roto i te huarahi taurite ake, kia mau tonu ai te kounga o te wai e uru ana.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka āwhina ngā tipu ngahere ki te pupuri i te makuku o te oneone. Ka taea e te oneone maroke rawa te pakaru, ka whakahaere i te rere pai, ka kawe tika i ngā poke ki ngā papa o raro me te kore e tika te tātari. Mā te pupuri i te makuku me te hanganga o te oneone, ka āraihia e ngā ngahere tēnei rere tere, ā, ka tiakina anō te wai whenua.
6. Te tūranga o te kanorau koiora o te oneone ki te pupuri i te kounga o te wai
He kāinga noho ngā ngahere mō ngā momo rauropi oneone: ngā huakita, ngā harore, ngā protozoa, ngā pepeke, tae atu ki ngā noke. He nui te whai wāhi o tēnei kanorau koiora ki te "whakama" taiao o te wai. Ka taea e ētahi moroiti te pirau i ngā matū rauropi, tae atu ki ērā ka poke pea. Ka taea hoki e ngā harore me ngā huakita te here i ngā konganuku taumaha i roto i ngā āhua motuhake, ka whakaiti i tō rātou nekenekehanga. Arā, he tikanga taiao kei ngā pūnaha rauropi oneone ngahere hei whakahaere i ngā poke i mua i te taenga ki te wai whenua.
Mā te noho mai o ngā kararehe oneone ka whakapai ake i te hanganga o te oneone mā roto i ngā mahi keri me te keri. Ka whakanui ake ēnei rua i te pūngao me te kaha o te urunga, engari ka noho tonu ki roto i tētahi pūnaha whai rawa i te mea rauropi, ka taea ai te haere tonu o te tātari.
7. Te pānga o te whakangaromanga ngahere ki te kounga o te wai whenua
Ina whakawāteahia ngā ngahere, ka ngaro te nuinga o ā rātou mahi whakahaere wai. Ka nui ake te kitea o te mata o te whenua, ka taea ai e te wai ua te pā tika ki te oneone, ka nui ake te horo. Ka piki ake te rerenga o te mata, ka iti iho te urunga mai, ā, ka ngāwari ake te kawe i ngā paru me ngā poke ki roto i ngā pūnaha wai. I te wā roa, ka taea e te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere te heke i te kounga o te wai whenua, pērā i te nui haere o ngā paru pai, te nui rawa o ngā matūkai, tae atu ki ngā matū kino.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka taea e te ngaromanga o ngā tipu te whakatere i ngā panonitanga o ngā pūnaha wai: ka koretake ngā puna, ka heke te rerenga wai i te wā maroke, ā, ka nui ake te waipuke i te wā ua. Ka taea e ēnei tauira tino kino te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te poke nā te mea kāore e taea e te pūnaha oneone te tātari i te wai mā te āta haere, me te auau.
8. Rautaki mō te tiaki i ngā ngahere hei tiaki i te wai whenua
Ko ngā mahi hei tiaki i te kounga o te wai whenua me uru ki te tiaki i ngā rohe ngahere, inā koa i ngā rohe hopu wai me ngā pūtake o te awa. He mahi whai hua te whakaora i ngā ngahere kua pakaru, te whakato anō i ngā rohe kua kore e ngaheretia, me te tiaki i ngā ngahere taha o te awa. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te whakamahere ā-wāhi e whakauru ana i ngā rohe tiaki me ngā rohe ārai hei ārai i ngā mahi a te tangata kei pā tika ki ngā rohe hopu wai.
Me aro atu hoki ki ngā mahi tope rakau e kore e kino ki te oneone hei whakahaere ngahere tauwhiro, pērā i te whakawhāiti i te whakawātea whenua nui me te pupuri i te taupoki oneone. I te taumata hapori, mā te mātauranga mō te hiranga o ngā ngahere mō te wai ma ka taea te whakatenatena i te whai wāhi ki te tiaki taiao.
Whakamutunga
He mahi nui tā ngā ngahere ki te whakahaere i te kounga o te wai whenua. Mā te tātari taiao, te whakaiti i te horo, te whakanui ake i te urunga mai, te tiaki i ngā poke, te whakaū i te āhuarangi iti, me te tautoko i te kanorau o te oneone, ka āwhina ngā ngahere ki te whakarite kia noho ma tonu te wai whenua, kia pai hoki mō te whakamahi. I tetahi atu taha, ka taea e te whakangaromanga o te ngahere te whakatere i te pirau o te wai whenua, ā, ka tūpono hoki te wātea o te wai ma mō te tangata me ngā rauropi. Nō reira, ehara i te mea he kaupapa tiaki noa te tiaki i ngā ngahere, engari he haumitanga nui hoki mō te haumarutanga wai me te hauora o te marea ā muri ake nei.
