Me pēhea te whakaiti i te pānga o te ahuwhenua ki ngā ngahere
Ko te ahuwhenua te poutokomanawa o te oranga kai me te oranga ōhanga o ngā whenua maha, tae atu ki Initonīhia. Heoi, ahakoa tōna tūranga nui, he maha ngā wā ka nui te pānga o te ahuwhenua ki te ngaronga o te uhi ngahere. Mā te whānui o te whenua, ngā mahi ahuwhenua kore pumau, me te whakamahinga nui o ngā matū ka pāngia ngā pūnaha rauropi o te ngahere—mai i te whakaiti i te kanorau koiora me te kounga wai kua heke ki te pikinga o ngā tukunga waro. Ko te rongo pai he maha ngā huarahi hei whakaiti i te pānga o te ahuwhenua ki ngā ngahere me te kore e whakaiti i te hua. Ko te mea nui ko te whakarerekē i te huarahi e whakamahere ai, e whakahaere ai, e ine ai hoki i ngā hua ahuwhenua.
1. Te Whakanui i te Hua o te Whenua o Nāianei
Ko tētahi o ngā tino take o te whakangaromanga ngahere ko te whakawātea whenua hou. Nō reira, ko te huarahi tino whai hua ko te whakanui ake i ngā hua o te whenua kua whakamahia kētia (te whakanui tonu i te tipu), kaua ki te whakawhānui i ngā rohe kua whakatōkia. Ka taea tēnei mā roto i:
– Whakapai ake i te momona o te oneone mā te whakamahi i te wairākau, te whakawairakau, te whakawairakau matomato, te waro koiora rānei.
– Te whakahaere matūkai taurite: te whakawairakau i runga i te tātari oneone kia tika ai te horopeta, kia kore ai hoki e poke te taiao.
– Ngā momo hua tino pai, ātete ki ngā pepeke/āhuarangi hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te korenga o te hua me te hiahia mō ngā patu pepeke.
– Te whakamakuku whai hua (hei tauira, te maturuturu wai, te tauhiuhi rānei) kia tika ai te whakamahinga o te wai, ā, kia kore ai e pau ngā rauemi e karapoti ana.
I te pikinga ake o te hua o te whenua o nāianei, ka heke iho te pēhanga ki te whakawātea i ngā ngahere hou.
2. Te Whakatinana i te Agroforestry: Te Ahuwhenua e Hanumi ana ki te "Hanga o te Ngāhere"
Ko te mahi ahuwhenua ngahere he pūnaha whakatipu e whakakotahi ana i ngā rākau me ngā hua kai, ngā kararehe rānei i runga i te whenua kotahi. E kiia ana tēnei pūnaha he piriti i waenganui i te ahuwhenua me ngā ngahere nā te mea ka mau tonu te hipoki o ngā rākau me te whakaputa moni tonu.
Ko ngā painga o te mahi ahuwhenua ngahere ko:
– Kia mau tonu te kanorau koiora nā te mea he kanorau ake ngā nohonga i ngā mahi ahuwhenua kotahi.
– Ārai i te horo whenua: ka herea te oneone e ngā pakiaka o te rākau, ka whakaitihia te pānga o te ua e te taupoki.
– Whakapai ake i te āhuarangi moroiti: he pumau ake te pāmahana, he pai ake te pupuri i te makuku.
– Te kanorau o ngā moni whiwhi: ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te whiwhi moni mai i ngā hua rākau, i te rakau, i te wai kāpia, i te honi, i ngā tipu mea kakara rānei.
Hei tauira, ko ngā māra kawhe, māra koko rānei me ngā rākau whakamarumaru, te whakato tahi me ngā rākau hua, te whakato rānei i ngā rākau whakamarumaru ki ngā rohe whenua.
3. Te whakatū i ngā Rohe Ārai me ngā Ara Rauropi
Kāore e hiahiatia kia whakatōkia ngā whenua katoa ki ngā tahataha awa, ki te taha rānei o ngā ngahere. Mā te waihanga i ngā rohe ārai o ngā tipu taiao i te taha o ngā awa, ngā roto, ngā rohe ngahere rānei, ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga o te ahuwhenua.
Ngā mahi a te rohe ārai:
– Ka tātari i ngā paru me ngā toenga tongi/patupatu i mua i te urunga ki ngā wai.
– Hei kāinga mō ngā kaiwhakatupu ruirui me ngā hoariri tūturu o ngā pepeke.
– Te hanga ara rauropi hei āwhina i ngā kararehe ki te neke me te pupuri i ngā taupori hauora.
I te taumata whenua, he mea nui ēnei ara raro hei ārai i te wehewehenga o ngā ngahere ki ngā wāhi iti, ngoikore.
4. Te Whakaiti i te Whakawhirinakitanga ki ngā Patupatu me ngā Tongi Matū
Ka taea e te whakamahinga nui rawa o ngā matū ahuwhenua te whakakino i te kounga o te oneone me te wai , ā, ka pā ki ngā rauropi kāore i te whāia, tae atu ki ngā pepeke whakapūpū me ngā kararehe mohoao e karapoti ana i ngā ngahere. Ko tētahi otinga whai hua ko te Whakahaere Pest Whakauru (IPM), he rautaki e whakatairanga ana i te aukati me te whakahaere taiao.
Ko ngā mahi PHT ko:
– Te hurihanga hua hei wāwāhi i te huringa pepeke.
– Whakatōkia he tipu whakaruruhau, he putiputi rānei hei kukume i ngā hoariri tūturu.
– Te whakamahi i ngā patupatu otaota, ngā patupatu whiriwhiri rānei ina hiahiatia, me te whakamahi i te horopeta tika.
– Te aroturuki i ngā taupori pepeke i ia wā, kia kore ai e "tūturu" te rehu me te kore take.
Mō ngā tongi, mā te tikanga tongi tika me te whakamahinga o ngā mea rauropi ka taea te whakaiti i te parahanga me te whakapai ake i te hauora o te oneone mō te wā roa.
5. Te Ārai i ngā Ahi Whenua me te Whakawātea mā te Tahu
He raruraru tonu te mahi whakawātea whenua mā te tahu i roto i ētahi rohe. Haunga te whakangaro i ngā pūnaha rauropi o te ngahere, ka puta he paoa kino ki te hauora, ā, ka tukuna he tukunga waro nui. Ka taea te ārai mā te:
– Te whakangungu me te ārahi i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakawātea whenua me te kore e tahuna.
– Te whakarato i ngā taputapu māmā mō te whakahaere i ngā toenga hua (te paru, te wairākau, te kai kararehe rānei).
– Ngā pūnaha whakatūpato me te tirotiro mōrearea ā-hapori.
– Ngā whakatenatena mō ngā kāinga, ngā rōpū kaimahi pāmu rānei e whakatinana angitu ana i ngā tikanga kore-tahu.
Ehara i te mea ko te aukati noa iho te whakamutu i te tahu, engari ko te whakarato hoki i ngā huarahi kē atu e whai kiko ana, e utu ana hoki.
6. Te Whakapakari i te Kāwanatanga me te Whakamahere Wāhi
Ka nui haere ngā pānga o te ahuwhenua ki ngā ngahere ina ngoikore te whakamahere ā-wāhi: ngā whakaaetanga taupatupatu, ngā rohe kāore i te mārama, me te iti o te tirotiro. Me mahi tahi ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, ngā hapori taketake, me ngā pakihi ki te whakarite kia:
– Te whakamahere whakamahinga whenua e hangai ana ki ngā raraunga: ngā mahere o te uhi ngahere, te pikinga pari, te tāmi, me te ngoikoretanga o ngā āhuatanga āwhati.
– Te tiaki i ngā rohe uara tiaki nui (HCV) me ngā rohe waro nui (HCS).
– Te māramatanga o ngā mana pupuri whenua me te whakamanatanga o ngā rohe whakahaere hapori ā-rohe, kia taea ai te pehi i ngā pakanga me ngā takahi whenua.
Ki te ōrite te whakamahere ā-wāhi, ka taea e te ahuwhenua te tupu i ngā wāhi tika, me te kore e whakararu i ngā ngahere nui.
7. Te Whakawhanake i ngā Mekameka Tuku Tauwhiro me te Tiwhikete
Ko te tono o te mākete te mea e akiaki ana i te whakaputanga o ngā taonga. Nō reira, kāore e taea te mutu ngā whakapainga i te taumata o te māra; me huri anō hoki te mekameka tuku. Ko ngā mahi pea ko:
– Ngā herenga "kore whakangaromanga ngahere" mai i ngā kamupene hoko.
– Te māramatanga o te takenga mai o ngā rauemi mata me te pūnaha whai i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana.
– Ngā tiwhikete e whakatenatena ana i ngā mahi pai, pērā i te RSPO mō te hinu nikau, te Rainforest Alliance mō te koko/kawhe, ngā paerewa rauropi rānei—me te whakatūpato me haere tahi te tiwhikete me te tirotiro tūturu, kaua ko te tirotiro whakahaere anake.
Ina whakatenatena ngā mākete i ngā hua kāore e whakangaro i ngā ngahere, he take nui tō ngā kaimahi pāmu me ngā kamupene ki te huri i ō rātou āhua ōhanga.
8. Te Whakamana i ngā Kaiahuwhenua: Te Mātauranga, Te Uru ki te Pūtea, me ngā Whakatenatena
He tokomaha ngā kaimahi pāmu e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga atawhai taiao engari he iti noa iho te pūtea, te urunga atu ki te hangarau, te koretake rānei o te utu. Ko ngā tautoko whai hua ko:
– Ngā whakangungu mahi ā-marae me ngā kura ā-marae.
– Ngā kaupapa nama iti, ngā kaupapa pūtea matomato rānei mō te whakamakuku whai hua, ngā tipu rākau, te wairākau rānei.
– Inihuarangatia ahuwhenua hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea āhuarangi.
– Te utu mō ngā kaupapa ratonga taiao (PES), hei tauira, ngā whakatenatena mō ngā kaimahi pāmu e tiaki ana i ngā rohe tahataha o te awa, e whakato rākau ana rānei.
Mēnā he tautoko tika, ka pai anō hoki ngā whakataunga pai mō ngā ngahere mā ngā kaimahi pāmu.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whakaiti i te pānga o te ahuwhenua ki ngā ngahere ehara i te mea me mutu te mahi ahuwhenua, engari me whakarerekē te huarahi e pāmu ai tātou me te whakahaere i ngā whenua. Ka taea te mahi tahi i ngā rautaki pēnei i te whakanui ake i te taiao, te mahi ahuwhenua ngahere, ngā rohe ārai, te whakaiti i ngā whakaurunga matū, te aukati ahi, te whakamahere ā-wāhi pakari, ngā mekameka tuku kore-ngaherehere, me te whakamana i ngā kaimahi pāmu. Ina piki ake te hua me te kore e whānui, ina hoki mai ngā rākau ki te whenua, ā, ina tautoko ngā kaupapa here me ngā mākete i ngā mahi taiao, kāore e tika kia noho hoariri te ahuwhenua me ngā ngahere. Ka taea e rāua te noho tahi—te whāngai i te tangata me te whakarato kāinga mō ngā miriona momo me te ārai i te āhuarangi o te Ao.
