Cov Txheej Txheem Moulding Compression rau Kev Tsim Yas thiab Cov Hom Yas Tsim Nyog
Hauv kev lag luam tsim cov yas, kev xaiv txoj kev molding txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog, thiab hom khoom siv. Ib txoj kev siv ntev uas tseem muaj txiaj ntsig niaj hnub no yog compression molding. Cov txheej txheem no siv dav los tsim cov khoom yas muaj zog, ruaj khov uas haum rau nruab nrab mus rau loj-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qee cov ntaub ntawv xws li thermoset plastics thiab qee cov thermoplastics tshwj xeeb.
Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov lus txhais, cov ntsiab cai ua haujlwm, cov theem txheej txheem, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, kev siv, thiab hom yas uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cov txheej txheem molding.
Compression Molding yog dab tsi?
Kev txhaj tshuaj pwm yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov yas los ntawm kev muab cov khoom siv (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom ua ntej, hmoov, lossis daim ntawv) rau hauv qhov pwm, tom qab ntawd nias cov khoom siv siv lub phaj siab (feem ntau nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm pwm) thaum siv cua sov. Lub siab thiab cua sov ua rau cov khoom ntws mus rau hauv pwm, tom qab ntawd dhau los ua cov txheej txheem khov lossis tawv kom txog thaum nws dhau los ua cov khoom tiav.
Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau piv rau kev txhaj tshuaj molding, tab sis ob qho sib txawv hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv. Thaum kev txhaj tshuaj molding ntws cov yas molten los ntawm lub nozzle mus rau hauv pwm, compression molding nias cov khoom ncaj qha mus rau hauv pwm.
Cov Ntsiab Cai Ua Haujlwm thiab Cov Txheej Txheem
Feem ntau, kev nias molding mus dhau cov theem tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
1. Kev npaj khoom siv
Cov khoom siv yas raug npaj raws li cov duab xav tau, xws li:
– Hmoov
- Cov granules los yog pellets
– Preform (puab pib xws li "ntsiav tshuaj" lossis "puck")
- Cov ntawv (rau qee cov thermoplastics lossis composites)
2. Ua kom sov pwm
Cov pwm raug cua sov rau qhov kub tshwj xeeb. Hauv cov thermosets, qhov kub pab pib qhov kev kho kom zoo (kev ua kom tawv). Hauv cov thermoplastics, qhov kub pab ua kom cov khoom mos kom nws thiaj li ntws tau.
3. Muab cov khoom tso rau hauv pwm
Cov khoom siv raug muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm pwm, feem ntau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thaj tsam kom cov dej ntws zoo dua thaum nias.
4. Kev nias
Sab saum toj ntawm lub pwm raug kaw thiab nias. Cov khoom siv yuav mos (lossis pib ua haujlwm) thiab puv lub pwm qhov.
5. Ua kom tawv/txias
- Rau cov thermosets, kev kho kom zoo yog ua tiav kom txog thaum cov khoom tawv mus tas li.
- Rau cov thermoplastics, txias yog ua kom cov khoom tawv dua.
6. Qhib pwm thiab tso tawm cov khoom (demolding)
Cov khoom raug coj mus thiab feem ntau xav tau cov kauj ruam ntxiv xws li txiav cov khoom seem ntau dhau (flash trimming), smoothing, lossis kev tshuaj xyuas.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Compression Molding
Qee qhov laj thawj uas cov txheej txheem no tseem nrov thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam:
1. Haum rau cov thermosets thiab composites
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv thermoset (piv txwv li, phenolic lossis melamine) yog qhov zoo dua los ntawm kev nias molding dua li lwm cov txheej txheem.
2. Lub zog kho tshuab zoo
Cov khoom siv molding compression feem ntau yog ntom, muaj zog, thiab ruaj khov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom tuab.
3. Cov khoom pov tseg tsawg tsawg
Piv rau qee cov txheej txheem lwm yam, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, txawm hais tias tseem muaj qhov ua tau ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm ntug ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm.
4. Cov nqi molding tuaj yeem pheej yig dua li kev txhaj tshuaj molding.
Hauv qee qhov kev tsim, cov pwm rau kev txhaj tshuaj molding tuaj yeem yooj yim dua li cov pwm txhaj tshuaj uas xav tau cov kab ke khiav thiab lub rooj vag nyuaj.
5. Zoo rau cov khoom loj
Cov khoom loj thiab tuab tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim dua nrog txoj kev no.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm Compression Molding
Ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj qee qhov kev txwv uas yuav tsum xav txog:
1. Lub sijhawm voj voog tuaj yeem ntev dua
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov thermosets vim tias lawv xav tau lub sijhawm kho.
2. Tsis haum rau cov ntsiab lus nyuaj heev
Rau cov qauv geometries nyuaj heev lossis phab ntsa nyias heev, kev txhaj tshuaj molding feem ntau zoo dua.
3. Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ci ntsa iab thiab xav tau kev ua kom tiav
Kev nyem tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv khiav tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm pwm, tawm hauv cov seem nyias nyias (flash) uas yuav tsum tau txiav tawm.
4. Kev tswj qhov ntev ntawm qee cov qauv tsim yog qhov nyuaj dua
Kev ntws ntawm cov khoom siv yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam (viscosity, kub, siab, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hauv pwm).
Hom Yas Uas Haum Rau Kev Sib Sau Ua Ke
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis yog txhua yam yas uas tsim nyog rau kev ua cov txheej txheem no. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tshaj plaws yog cov yas thermoset thiab qee cov thermoplastics.
1. Yas Thermoset (Zoo Tshaj Plaws)
Cov yas thermoset yuav tawv mus tas li tom qab raug cua sov thiab dhau los ntawm kev tshuaj lom neeg (curing). Vim yog qhov zoo li no, compression molding tau dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev nrov.
Piv txwv ntawm cov thermosets tsim nyog:
- Phenolic (Phenol-Formaldehyde / Bakelite)
Nws yog ib qho uas siv ntau heev rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vim nws tiv taus cua sov, muaj zog, thiab rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog siv dav rau cov qhov hloov, cov tes tuav cuab yeej, thiab qee yam khoom siv hauv tsheb.
- Melamine formaldehyde (Melamine)
Tiv taus kub thiab muaj ib qho chaw tawv, tsis khawb. Nws feem ntau siv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov khoom uas xav tau qhov chaw ruaj khov zoo.
- Urea formaldehyde (Urea)
Haum rau qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab tus nqi qis, txawm hais tias kev tiv thaiv huab cua tsis zoo li lwm hom.
- Epoxy (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm composite lossis molding compound)
Siv dav ua ib qho encapsulation ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, composites, thiab cov khoom uas xav tau lub zog zoo thiab lo rau.
- Unsaturated Polyester thiab Vinyl Ester (feem ntau yog cov khoom sib xyaw)
Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov fiber-reinforced xws li cov vaj huam sib luag, cov khoom thauj, lossis cov khoom uas xav tau qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog thiab qhov hnyav.
Cov ntaub ntawv thermoset feem ntau kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj molding xws li BMC (Bulk Molding Compound) thiab SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) - cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm thermoset resin nrog fiber reinforcement (piv txwv li, fiberglass) thiab filler. SMC / BMC yog nrov tshwj xeeb rau cov vaj huam sib luag tsheb, cov khoom siv sib dua, thiab cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.
2. Cov thermoplastics uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev nias molding (qee zaum)
Txawm hais tias feem ntau siv rau cov thermosets, compression molding kuj tseem siv tau rau cov thermoplastics, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov khoom yooj yim lossis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv tuab / khoom.
Piv txwv ntawm cov thermoplastics uas siv tau:
- PE (Polyethylene), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog HDPE
Muaj peev xwm tsim tau nrog kev tsom mus rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li cov laug cam / daim ntawv, cov khoom yooj yim nrog qhov loj me, lossis cov ntawv thov uas tsis xav tau cov ntsiab lus nyuaj.
-PP (Polypropylene)
Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav rau qee yam khoom, tab sis yuav tsum tswj qhov kub thiab siab kom ntseeg tau tias ntws sib npaug.
- PTFE (Teflon)
PTFE feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li kev nias molding (txias nias thiab tom qab ntawd sintering) vim nws nyuaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj molding. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov foob, gaskets, thiab cov khoom tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg.
- PVC (cov qauv tshwj xeeb xwb)
Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav tau, tab sis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov ruaj khov ntawm thermal vim tias PVC rhiab heev rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cua sov.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg: rau cov thermoplastics uas xav tau kev ntws thiab cov ntsiab lus siab, kev txhaj tshuaj molding feem ntau ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thiab sib xws.
Cov Khoom Siv ntawm Compression Molding
Nov yog qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom uas feem ntau ua los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem no:
– Cov khoom siv hauv tsheb: cov vaj huam sib luag, cov tsev, qee lub hau cav, cov khoom sib xyaw SMC / BMC
– Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob: cov insulators, cov keyboards, cov terminal blocks, cov khoom encapsulation
- Cov khoom siv hauv tsev: cov tes tuav lauj kaub, cov pob qhov rooj, cov khoom uas xav tau kev tiv taus cua sov
– Cov khoom lag luam: gaskets, seals, cov khoom tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg (piv txwv li PTFE), qee lub log me me
- Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke: cov vaj huam sib luag fiberglass, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov cuab yeej ua rog, thiab cov khoom siv sib zog ua ke
Cov Yam Tseem Ceeb Rau Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Compression Molding Cov Txiaj Ntsig
Yuav kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws thiab zoo, yuav tsum tswj ntau yam kev ntsuas:
– Qhov kub ntawm pwm: qis dhau ua rau cov khoom tsis ntws / kho tsis zoo; siab dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj.
- Siab: txiav txim siab qhov ceev thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los sau cov pwm.
- Lub sijhawm nias thiab kho: tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov thermosets.
- Kev tso cov khoom rau hauv pwm: cuam tshuam rau tus qauv ntws thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo.
- Tsim pwm: cua kom tshem tawm cua thiab txo cov voids, nrog rau qhov sib txawv kom tswj tau lub teeb ci.
Xaus
Kev nias pwm yog ib txoj kev siv cov yas uas siv cov khoom siv los nias rau hauv pwm kub kom txog thaum nws khov thiab ua kom tawv. Txoj kev no zoo heev rau cov khoom uas xav tau lub zog thiab kev ruaj khov, thiab nws tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv thermoset thiab cov khoom sib xyaw xws li phenolics, melamine, epoxy, thiab SMC/BMC. Qee cov thermoplastics, xws li HDPE, PP, thiab PTFE, kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov txheej txheem nias pwm raws li qee yam mob.
Thaum xav txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, kev txhaj tshuaj molding yog qhov kev xaiv zoo thaum cov khoom tsis nyuaj, xav tau lub zog zoo, thiab siv cov khoom siv thermoset lossis cov khoom sib xyaw. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov qauv geometries nyuaj thiab cov khoom loj loj, ib txoj kev zoo li kev txhaj tshuaj molding yuav tsim nyog dua.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem pab los ntawm kev ntxiv: daim ntawv sib piv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding vs kev txhaj tshuaj molding, piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem (kub / siab), lossis cov lus qhia txog cov khoom siv raws li cov khoom koj xav ua.
